Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0917801 (insomnia)
 10,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of methamphetamine dependence was presented, who had used a large amount of the drug for a long time during both of the first and the second period of its prevalence. He led a socially and psychologically stable life with neither drug habits nor episodes of flash-back phenomenon in 20's and 30's of his age. While in the former period of the prevalence, visual illusion had occurred in him 3 months after the first injection of the drug, in the latter, auditory hallucination occurred in a month after the initiation of the reinjection. This hallucination was so invasive and persistent that he became insomniac and could not keep stable daily life. Recently the auditory hallucination has disappeared by the reinjection of the drug, resulting in releasing him from the sufferings like insomnia, and then promoting the drug use more frequently. Even at the law court to decide the penalty against his illegal drug use, he recurrently insisted that methamphetamine was his necessity in order to be freed from the hallucination and keep stable daily life. He declared his intention not to abandon his drug habit in spite of any punishments. On the central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as the morphine- and barbiturate-type drug, the psychological dependence is brought about secondarily by the mechanism to avoid the withdrawal symptoms. On the other hand, the secondary development of psychological dependence through avoidance of the chronic toxicity by the acute drug effect itself, should be considered as one of the characteristics of the CNS stimulants like methamphetamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Secondary development of psychological dependence in a methamphetamine dependent]. 185 88

This work uses clinical examples to explore sources of conflict and denial of patients and physicians during contraception consultations. The discovery of oral contraceptives (OCs) and improvements in mechanical contraception raised hopes that couples could achieve total control of their fertility. But continued high abortion rates and the persistence of sexual problems and maladjustments have demonstrated that contraception alone is not a panacea. Conflicts about contraception may be conscious and quickly expressed during a consultation, even if a medical pretext is given. The resentment when 1 partner desires a child and the other does not for example can translate into a conflict about contraception. Some women are fully aware of their own ambivalence about pregnancy and contraception and able to express it openly, but very often the woman's concerns are expressed by questions, fears, and verbal slips. The fear that pills are unnatural or will cause congenital defects can be interpreted as an expression of guilt over the pleasure that pills permit. Sterility is the ultimate fear caused by this unlimited possibility for pleasure. In the majority of cases, physical complaints are the means by which contraception clients address their physicians. In some cases, intolerance to OCs may actually be a hysterical manifestation that is not understood. Such symptoms as nausea, breast swelling, dizziness, vomiting, nervousness, and insomnia may be signs of early pregnancy as well as of intolerance for pills. Intolerance to pills may be caused by intolerance of a sexuality in which all things seem possible but in which the individual feels unrecognized by the partner. The resulting aggression may be turned inward in the form of a morbid symptom or of forgetting or stopping pill use, recourse to abortion, and demand for recognition. Acting out, especially by adolescents, is common in the area of contraception. In some cases the psychological or emotional needs of the patient might be better met by contraception that leaves some risk of failure, such as low-dose progestins or local methods. Their relative efficacy may allow the ambivalent desire for a child not to be completely stifled. Cases also arise in which patients use contraceptives to mask problems and to give the illusion of a normally functioning body. The possibility of having a child is very seldom raised during contraceptive consultations, perhaps because for the physician contraception subconsciously evokes the forces of death. The doctor can take refuge in the technical aspects of contraception, ignoring the emotional needs of the client.
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PMID:[The difficulties of contraception: conflicts and paradoxes]. 1231 42