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Query: UMLS:C0917798 (cerebral ischemia)
 17,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental method of producing total cerebral ischaemia in dogs. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1977, 28 (6): 585-588. It is very difficult to produce complete cerebral ischaemia in dogs in view of very abudant anastomoses between branches of carotid and vertebral arteries and muscle arteries. The methods applied for this purpose are technnically difficult and lead frequently to spinal cord injury or major metabolic distrubances in the whole organism. The reported investigations were carried out for elaboration of a method which would not have these disadvantages. Cerebral ischaemia was produced in dogs occluding the brachiocenhalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. The blood flow to the intercostal arteries and through them to the spinal artery was interrupted by means of a bypass between the aortic arch and the abdominal aorta. Isoelectric EEG line and lack of blood flow from the punctured carotid arteries were the criteria of complete ischaemia.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Experimental method of producing total cerebral ischaemia in dogs. 34 72

The authors analysed the clinical material of acute vascular diseases of the central nervous system treated at the Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical Academy and Neurological Department of the 8th Municipal Hospital providing in the years 1970-1974 medical care for the population of two greatest cities of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region in cases of sudden neurological diseases. Cerebrovascular strokes accounted for 14.7% of all hospitalized cases. The mean annual index of admissions for these departments was 52.5 per 100 000 population. Cerebral haemorrhages were diagnosed in 28% strokes, they were somewhat more frequent in women, especially in oldest age. Subarachnoideal haemorrhages were observed in 9.3% of strokes, more frequently in the age range from 41 to 60 years, and more frequently in middle aged men. Thrombotic brain softening accounted for 37.1% of cases, more frequently in men aged 51-70 years. Similarly, transient cerebral ischemia recognized in 13.9% of cases was more frequent in men. On the other hand, cerebral arterial embolism diagnosed in 11.7% of cases occurred usually in women aged over 60 years. In March and April the number of patients admitted with cerebral haemorrhages was slightly higher, while in April, May and June cases of thrombotic encephalomalacia were more frequent.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Stroke in the records of the Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical Academy in Katowice and Zabre as well as the Neurology Department of the 8th Municipal Hospital in Katowice in the years 1970-1974]. 42 54

Hypo- and hypercapnia produced in dogs had no effect on the level of endogenous prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) bioassayed continuously in sagittal sinus blood. Increased release of endogenous PLS, predominantly of prostaglandin E-like substance into cerebral venous blood occurred in conditions injurious to brain, such as hypoxia cerebral ischemia and embolism. It may be concluded that increased output of PLS into cerebral venous blood is not related to functional changes in cerebral blood flow, but results from cerebral and/or cerebrovascular damage. Enchanced generation of endogenous prostaglandins and their release into cerebral venous blood preceed the development of structural alterations evoked by hypoxia and ischemia in brain.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:Release of prostaglandin--like substances into cerebral venous blood in conditions injurious to brain in the dog. 74 12

The authors analysed clinically 108 patients (61 males and 47 females), aged below 50 years treated at the department of neurology, because of acute cerebral ischaemia. Attention is called to risk factors such as arterial hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes which may be the cause of earlier development of ischaemic changes in the central nervous system. In the analysed group in 18 cases cerebral thrombosis, in 23 cases embolism, in 31 cerebral circulatory failure were diagnosed. In 36 cases the cause could not have been established.
Neurol Neurochir Pol 1977
PMID:[Acute cerebral ischemic disease in patients under the age of 50]. 88 1

The ultrastructural localization of calcium deposits in the synapses of rat hippocampus after 10 min global cerebral ischemia was evaluated. Oxalate-pyroantimonate technique was applied. After 24 hours of postischemic recirculation enhancement of intracellular (pre- and postsynaptic parts) and extracellular (synaptic clefts) calcium deposits was found in great proportion of synapses in CA1 sector. Abundant Ca-precipitates appeared specially in synaptic clefts and in the postsynaptic parts near synaptic densities. Increased calcium deposits in some changed mitochondria were also observed. The results presented in this paper suggest synaptic modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, disturbed after ischemic incident. Presence of Ca-precipitates in synaptic clefts and postsynaptic parts seems to be a sensitive indicator of increased calcium influx from the extracellular to the intracellular compartments.
Neuropatol Pol 1992
PMID:Calcium accumulation in synapses of the rat hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. 129 26

Mongolian gerbils subjected to 5-min cerebral ischemia by common carotid artery ligation were decapitated after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of survival to investigate the immunoreactivity of astroglia in the hippocampus. The sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brains were stained histologically and with ABC method (Hsu et al. 1981). Control animals (normal and shame-operated) presented positive GFAP immunostaining in corpus callosum, in subventricular regions, in temporal subcortical white matter, in fimbria hipocampi and perivascularly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Experimental animals, independently of postischemic survival time showed various individual GFAP reactivity. Differences concerning the number and localization of immunoreactive astrocytes in both cerebral hemispheres of the same animal stressed the asymmetry of the reaction. The authors did not observe any accumulation of reactive astrocytes in the area of synaptic terminals of glutaminergic fibers (mossy fibers, Schaffer's collaterals) or in the neighbourhood of CA1 and CA3 sectors. In particular, there was complete lack or only sporadic reactive astrocytes among pyramidal neurons of CA1 and among granular cells of dentate gyrus in all examined animals.
Neuropatol Pol 1992
PMID:Immunoreactivity of astroglia in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil during short survival following brief ischemia. 134 Sep 15

Consciousness disorders are closely related to the general dysfunction of the brain stem, and called by some authors brain stem insufficiency. To evaluate the degree of brain stem dysfunction, an original scale has been elaborated. Each group of brain stem functions are scored. Consciousness being the most important symptom of the brain stem insufficiency is scored about 50% in a 63-score scale. Scores are used to achieve the most objectivity in the clinical monitoring of the brain stem insufficiency. Its utility was examined in 75 patients with either ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage. Patients of both groups with severe insufficiency below 33 scores and persisting over 24 hours had no chance to survive. The authors suggest that the scores may successfully be used in the clinical monitoring of all disorders producing consciousness disturbances. Survival of patients with brain stem insufficiency in the course of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage depends on the degree and duration of the brain stem insufficiency.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Brain stem insufficiency in acute ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage]. 143 35

It was noted that physical activity of 1052 patients hospitalized for the acute cerebral flow failure due to atheromatosis is an important indicator of the cerebral ischemia. Extension of ischemia evaluated on the basis of physical activity enables to foresee possible improvement and survival. Authors' own classification of physical activity may be helpful in the monitoring of cerebral flow failure therapy.
Pol Tyg Lek
PMID:[Physical activity in acute cerebrovascular insufficiency]. 143 36

On the basis of 50 patients treated for subarachnoid haemorrhage the authors report own experiences with the use of Nimotop for control of vasospasm caused by cerebral ischemia. All these patients were in grades III and IV of the Hunt-Hess scale. The studied patients with vasospasm and cerebral ischaemia were compared with patients similarly in grades III IV of this scale who were not given Nimotop. The analysis showed that patients treated with Nimotop were operated on earlier and had less evident neurological defect on discharge from the hospital.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Our experience with using nimodipine in the treatment of ischemic complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. 192 67

Hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei of rats in which short-term clinical death was experimentally induced, were examined electron-microscopically. Material for studies was taken two weeks after resuscitation of animals following 5 min cardiac and respiratory arrest. Application of aldehyde fixatives with Alcian blue as well as fixatives containing tannic acid revealed numerous additional ultrastructural features not visualized in routine electron microscopy. The obtained results are indicative that short-term cerebral ischemia in rats results in ultrastructural abnormalities in neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei, which appear after 2 weeks survival. These are electron microscope exponents of reduced secretory function, increased number of lysosomal structures and changes in cytoskeleton organization. They are accompanied by abnormalities in axoplasm and myelin sheaths. The authors consider those structural abnormalities as exponents of delayed irreversible metabolic changes of nerve cells.
Neuropatol Pol 1989
PMID:[Electron-microscopic changes in neurosecretory nuclei of the rat hypothalamus after total ischemia in short-term clinical death]. 263 92


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