Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0854467 (myelosuppression)
 5,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

N-Methylformamide (N-MF) belongs to a class of polar-planar compounds which induce cellular differentiation. Preclinical antitumor activity was demonstrated against human mammary, colon, and lung tumor xenografts and L1210 and P388 murine leukemias. This phase I study used a single bolus infusion of N-MF given weekly X 3 doses every 6 weeks. Thirty-five patients were treated with N-MF at doses which ranged from 125 to 3125 mg/m2/week. The dose-limiting toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, anorexia, malaise, and liver function abnormalities. No myelosuppression was seen. The recommended dose for phase II trials of N-MF with this schedule is to initiate therapy at 2000 mg/m2 weekly X 3 and escalate to 2500 mg/m2 if the initial dose was well tolerated.
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PMID:Phase I study of N-methylformamide in patients with advanced cancer. 400 71

It is unclear from preliminary laboratory studies whether a high- or a low-dose interferon treatment strategy is optimal. As part of an ongoing study of mechanisms of interferon action, we have evaluated toxicity in a two-arm protocol in which patients were randomly assigned to receive lymphoblastoid interferon by either a low-dose treatment strategy (2 X 10(6) units/m2 daily X 28 days then daily X 5 days every other week by im injection) or a high-dose treatment strategy (5 X 10(6) units/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 24 hours, escalating by 5 X 10(6) units/m2/day as tolerated over 10 days, repeated every 28 days). The main toxic effects in both arms were fever, fatigue, and anorexia. Marked interpatient differences within each dose arm were greater than differences between arms. Additional significant toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, hypotension, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and evidence of hepatic toxicity. Minor changes in serum electrolytes were noted. Coagulation studies were normal. The dose-limiting toxic effect for the high-dose arm was myelosuppression. Median maximum tolerated dose among high-dose strategy patients was 18 X 10(6) units/m2, but there was marked interpatient variation. We conclude that both dose schedules were relatively well-tolerated. Because of individual variation in tolerance, high-dose treatment should include a dose escalation strategy.
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PMID:Prospectively randomized toxicity study of high-dose versus low-dose treatment strategies for lymphoblastoid interferon. 401 85

The M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) regimen was used to treat 25 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. Treatment consisted of monthly cycles of 30 mg. per m.2 methotrexate, followed 24 hours later by 3 mg. per m.2 vinblastine, 30 mg. per m.2 doxorubicin and 70 mg. per m.2 cisplatin, and concluded with repeat vinblastine and methotrexate on days 15 and 22. Significant tumor regression was noted in 71 per cent of the patients. Complete clinical remission was observed in 12 of 24 patients (50 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits 30 to 70 per cent) with bidimensionally measurable indicator lesions, 6 of whom had pathological confirmation. After surgical exploration 4 patients required downstaging to a partial remission. The median duration of response has not yet been reached at 9.5 plus months, range 4.5 plus to 16 plus. Five patients (21 per cent) had a partial clinical remission for 4 to 8 plus months, 1 had a minor response for 4 months and 1 had stable disease for 11 months. All metastatic sites responded, including bone (6 of 8 cases), liver (3 of 5), locoregional (12 of 17) and intravesical (6 of 7) disease. Toxicity included moderately severe myelosuppression that resulted in nadir sepsis in 4 patients and a drug-related death in 1, mild to moderate anorexia, vomiting, alopecia and renal dysfunction. These preliminary results suggest that treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin is extremely effective against locoregional and disseminated urothelial tract tumors, with the expectation (95 per cent confidence limits) of inducing objective tumor regression in 53 to 89 per cent of the cases.
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PMID:Preliminary results of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. 403 49

Phase II study of Etoposide administered intravenously and orally was performed in 163 patients with urologic malignancies for the clinical evaluation of responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of the responses were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Koyama and Saito. Out of the 163 patients registered in the study, it was possible to evaluate 141. In the cases of intravenous administration, the response rates were 16.7% in testicular cancer mostly refractory to prior therapy, 15.6% in bladder cancer, 7.7% in prostatic cancer, and 0% in renal cell route. The overall response rate was 11.1%. Toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract, the rates being 54.4% for anorexia, 35.4% for nausea and 17.7% for vomiting. Alopecia was observed at a high incidence of 72.1%. Myelosuppression leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were the other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Collaborative phase II study of etoposide (NK-171). Urological Cooperative Study Group of etoposide (NK-171)]. 404 Sep 86

A phase II study of recombinant human leukocyte A interferon was conducted in 64 patients with multiple myeloma in a multi-institutional cooperative trial. Partial remission was achieved in ten (21.3%) of 47 evaluable patients and minor response was observed in five (10.6%). Side effects were noted in more than two-thirds of the patients. They included fever (58%), malaise (20%), anorexia (52%), nausea and vomiting (26%), lethargy (2%), and myelosuppression (56%). An antibody to recombinant human leukocyte A interferon was detected in one of 20 patients.
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PMID:Treatment of multiple myeloma with recombinant human leukocyte A interferon. 407 17

The anti-tumor activity of alpha-interferon (gamma-IFN-alpha A) was assessed histopathologically in 14 patients with metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Ten of the patients had undergone radical nephrectomy, two patients embolization alone, one patient no prior treatment and one patient nephrectomy in IFN therapy. IFN was given daily intramuscularly starting at the dose of 3 X 10(6) U and increased every 3 days to the maximum of 5 X 10(7) U. This treatment could be tolerated. The clinical response was evaluated according to the criteria of Koyama and Saitou. Two of the patients showed partial response, one patient minor response, five patients no change and six patients progressive disease. The clinical responders also had histopathologically detected improvement. Renal cell carcinoma of a higher grade (sarcomatoid type) or lower grade (grade II greater than or equal to), was seen frequently, and the papillary or tubular type was resistant to IFN. The clear cell type and grade III tumor was more responsive to IFN. Histopathologically, no lymphocyte infiltration into the cancer cell focus was seen and the immunologic reaction was not considered to be affected by IFN, because of the myelosuppression due to the IFN therapy and because more responders used the steroid hormone like predonizolone to prevent side effects. Fever, anorexia and general malaise were observed in all cases. Myelosuppression like leukocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia was also observed but easily improved after cessation of IFN medication or decrease of IFN dose. Liver dysfunction was observed but spontaneous recovery without discontinuation of IFN therapy or decrease of IFN dose was seen in two cases. The disturbance of the central nervous system similar to the occurrence of abnormal EEG waves or psychosis, was a dose-limiting factor. Further studies especially to develop an appropriate method of administration and the combination with other anti-cancer agents must be studied.
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PMID:[Histopathologic evaluation of anti-tumor activity of alpha-interferon for renal cell carcinoma, especially in autoptic cases]. 408 12

Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma were treated with partially purified (about 0.1%) leukocyte interferon. Patients were treated with a remission-induction schedule of 3 million to 9 million antiviral units daily intramuscularly for 4 to 26 weeks. Responding patients were maintained on a schedule of 3 million U three times weekly. Tumor regression was observed in seven of 17 patients with breast cancer. Six of 10 patients with multiple myeloma responded with a decrease of at least 50% in serum myeloma protein levels or Bence Jones protein excretion. Six of the 11 lymphoma patients achieved tumor regression. Complete remissions occurred in two patients. Of the 19 responding patients, five remain on study for 52 to 63 weeks. Toxicity included low-grade fever, fatigue, anorexia, and partial alopecia. Myelosuppression (lowest median leukocyte count, 2500/mm3; granulocytes, 1300/mm3) occurred in most patients. On the basis of this pilot study, we conclude that leukocyte interferon can induce tumor regression in patients with advanced cancer.
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PMID:Leukocyte interferon-induced tumor regression in human metastatic breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma. 615 12

We employed human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) in the treatment of 4 cases of renal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases. All of the cases were males aged 58 to 62. On initial examination, it was revealed that all 4 cases already had multiple metastatic lesions in the lung as well as in other organs such as brain and bone. HLBI was injected i.m. daily at a dosage of 6 X 10(6) units. Treatment was continued for 33 to 119 days, with the total dose being 198 X 10(6) units to 714 X 10(6) units. As to tumor response, minor response was obtained in 1 case, no change in 2 cases, and progressive disease in 1 case. In the case in which minor response was obtained, the size of the pulmonary metastases had reduced by 30% after 8 weeks of treatment with HLBI. As side effects, we observed fever in all cases, and also, anorexia, general malaise, asthenia, and myelosuppression. However, none of these symptoms were serious enough to require discontinuation of HLBI medication. From the results obtained in our own cases, we believe that HLBI may become a new antitumor agent effective for renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[The therapy of renal cell carcinoma with human lymphoblastoid interferon]. 620 3

Effects of Methotrexate (MTX) alone and sequential combination chemotherapy of MTX and Bleomycin (BLM) were evaluated in 29 primary cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. MTX 50mg or 500 mg was administered intravenously once a week for a total dose of 100 to 200 mg in 10 cases and 1000 mg in 19 cases. In the cases of MTX 500 mg, CF (Leucovorin) rescue was given subsequently. BLM 15 mg was also administered intravenously twice a week for a total dose of 45-90 mg in 25 cases, so that 4 patients received MTX alone, 6 were transferred from BLM to MTX treatment and 19 were transferred from MTX to BLM. Objective response rate to MTX in cases of single and prior administration was 12/23 (52.2%). Treatment was found to be effective clinically in cases of exophytic growth type and histologically in cases of well differentiated types of tumor cells and well defined types of tumor-host borderline. Objective response rate to MTX treatment followed by BLM was 12/19 (57.9%) while that of BLM switched to MTX was 3/6 (50.0%). Side-effects, such as myelosuppression and anorexia, were observed in 12/29 cases given MTX, while, in only one case given BLM, skin reaction was observed. With respect to side-effects and the general preoperative condition of patients, the MTX to BLM course seemed to be better than that in which BLM was switched to MTX. Moderate-dose MTX: CF rescue + small-dose BLM therapy for oral cancer was, therefore, concluded to be useful as a preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:[MTX-BLM therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity]. 621 51

Single and combination chemotherapy was compared in a clinical trial for men with advanced, metastatic prostate cancer who had received prior pelvic irradiation and had had progression of disease despite hormonal therapy. The 149 patients were randomized to receive estramustine phosphate or cis-platinum alone or in combination. Of the 149 patients 25 (17 per cent) were excluded from the study but 124 were evaluated for response and survival. Entry variables were distributed similarly among patients in each treatment arm. There were no complete or partial responders but there were nearly twice as many patients whose disease was stabilized (33 per cent) on the combination regimen compared to estramustine phosphate (18 per cent) and about a third more than for cis-platinum (21 per cent). Analysis of survival revealed some advantage for patients on combination therapy. Major toxicities for all treatments were nausea and vomiting (62 to 88 per cent) and accompanying anorexia (72 to 95 per cent). Azotemia developed in 45 per cent of the patients receiving combination therapy. In addition an elevation in serum creatinine occurred in 22 per cent of the patients receiving combination therapy and in 17 per cent of those receiving cis-platinum alone. Myelosuppression occurred infrequently.
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PMID:A comparison of estramustine phosphate versus cis-platinum alone versus estramustine phosphate plus cis-platinum in patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer who had had extensive irradiation to the pelvis or lumbosacral area. 633 51


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