Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0854467 (myelosuppression)
 5,932 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cis-diamminedichloro platinum (II) (CDDP) was evaluated in 14 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Prior chemotherapy was done in 7 cases and the remaining 7 were fresh cases. The drug was given at a dose of 80 mg/m2 I.V. every 3 weeks, with hydration and mannitol diuresis. Four cases out of 14 showed no change, while the remaining 10 cases showed progressive disease. The response rate was 0%. Most of the patients who showed myelosuppression had received prior chemotherapy. Non-hematologic toxicity occurred in 9 patients (64%) and consisted of nausea in 9, vomiting in 7 and anorexia in 9. Values of serum creatinine and BUN were transiently elevated.
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PMID:[Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic carcinoma]. 367 95

A co-operative phase II study of the semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative Etoposide (VP-16) was undertaken in patients with genitourinary tumors. A total of 83 out of 115 patients entered into the study were evaluable for response. Antitumor effects were evaluated according to "Standards for the Evaluation of Direct Effects of Chemotherapy in Solid Tumors" (otherwise known as the Koyama-Saito Group Criteria). Objective response was noted in 2 patients (6.3%) out of 32 with testicular cancer, whereas no responders were seen in bladder and renal cancer patients. In patients with prostatic cancer, 1 out of 13 (7.7%) responded. Major clinical side effects were alopecia and gastrointestinal toxicities (anorexia, nausea and vomiting). Mucositis, abdominal pain, diarrhea and general fatigue were also noted. Anomalies in laboratory test findings were mainly myelosuppression-related, with leukopenia being observed in 66.3% of patients.
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PMID:[Phase II study of etoposide (VP-16-213) in genitourinary tumors. VP-16-213 Genitourinary Study Group]. 375 24

Mitomycin was approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration in 1974 for use in gastric and pancreatic carcinomas when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Since then, mitomycin has been used extensively in combination chemotherapy for a variety of tumors, particularly in the past seven years. However, the contribution of this agent to the various drug regimens has not been adequately defined. Clear evidence of the drug's activity as a single agent has been seen in the intravesical treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. Common toxicities include anorexia, vomiting, and myelosuppression. Less common, but potentially lethal, toxicities in the form of fibrosing alveolitis and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal failure are being reported with increasing frequency. These potentially severe adverse effects, coupled with the still undefined role of mitomycin in systemic cancer chemotherapy, suggest that selection of this drug for other than investigational use should be made with care.
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PMID:Mitomycin: ten years after approval for marketing. 388 63

Alpha interferons are biological response modifiers that regulate immune function, slow cell proliferation, and inhibit virus replication. Large supplies of purified preparations are now available for clinical trials. Common toxicity includes an influenza-like syndrome to which tolerance occurs after several doses, and chronic fatigue and anorexia that may be dose-limiting. Myelosuppression is mild. Alpha interferons have established clinical activity against several human cancers, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and renal cell carcinoma. These data and alpha interferon nomenclature are summarized in table form. Intranasal alpha interferon is effective in prophylaxis of common viral upper respiratory tract infections, although toxicity in long-term use is prohibitive. Short-term administration to high risk populations may be most useful. Optimal doses and schedules need to be determined for all indications.
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PMID:The new alpha interferons. 391 Mar 84

Aclarubicin, discovered by Umezawa in 1975, is a new cytostatic anthracycline antibiotic. It is one of the anthracyclines with the lowest cardiotoxicity, it is not mutagenic and it stimulates differentiation of tumour cells. The therapeutic index of aclarubicin (efficacy related to toxicity) is higher than that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, using a proper dose schedule. Single dose therapy of aclarubicin shows only marginal efficacy, whereas multiple divided dose therapy exhibits efficacy comparable to that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Thus for clinical trials two dose schedules were designed: 25 mg/m2/day, days 1-7 for acute leukaemia; and 30 mg/m2/day, days 1-4 for solid tumours. Aclarubicin was shown to be highly active in acute leukaemia with 58% complete remissions in first relapse of AML. Good results were also seen in acute leukaemia in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. In clinical trials with breast cancer and thyroid cancer the efficacy was in the same range as would be expected for doxorubicin, but side-effects were markedly reduced. Anorexia, mild nausea and infrequent vomiting were observed. Myelosuppression was common but dose reduction was not necessary. There was no alopecia and no congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Aclarubicin: experimental and clinical experience. 391 80

Thirty cases of plasma cell neoplasms (24 multiple myeloma, one plasma cell leukemia, and three primary macroglobulinemia) were treated with two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferons, recombinant human leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) (16 cases) and human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) (14 cases). Partial remission (PR) was obtained in two of 16 evaluable cases treated with rIFN-alpha A and in two of 12 evaluable cases treated with HLBI. If minor response (MR) was included, responses were observed in seven (31.3%) and six (50%), respectively. Response (PR + MR) was noted in 38% of 21 previously treated patients and 71% of seven previously untreated patients. Side-effects were noted in more than two-thirds of the patients. They included fever, malaise, nausea/anorexia and myelosuppression. Thus, these two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferon were effective in plasma cell neoplasm, producing unequivocal response in 14.3% of the cases without unacceptable side-effects.
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PMID:Treatment of plasma cell neoplasm with recombinant leukocyte A interferon and human lymphoblastoid interferon. 391 76

Mitomycin-C, an antitumor antibiotic discovered in 1958, acts as a bifunctional alkylating agent. Initial clinical trials utilized a daily schedule of administration, which led to severe and protracted myelosuppression and inadequate evaluation of the antitumor spectrum of mitomycin-C. In the early 1970s, the intermittent high-dosage schedule of administration was developed: 20 mg/m2 of mitomycin-C intravenously, every 6 to 8 weeks. An overall response rate of 35% was reported by several investigators. Subsequently, other administration schedules were attempted without improvement in therapeutic index. More recently, mitomycin-C was used in combinations with other drugs. Combinations of mitomycin-C and one of the vinca alkaloids have produced response rates of approximately 30% to 40% in patients with extensive previous treatment. In patients not previously exposed to doxorubicin, combinations of mitomycin-C and doxorubicin have offered response rates of approximately 50%. Acute toxicities of mitomycin-C are tolerable and consist of mild nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Chronic toxicities include cumulative myelosuppression--especially thrombocytopenia--pulmonary toxicity, renal toxicity, and occasionally cardiac toxicity. Mitomycin-C is an effective antitumor agent in breast cancer and should be carefully incorporated in the therapeutic strategy of this disease.
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PMID:Mitomycin-C in breast cancer. 393 83

A Phase II study of a new anthracycline, (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP), was conducted in 162 patients with various hematological malignancies in a multi-institutional cooperative study. THP was given intravenously at a dose of either 10-30 mg/body for 3-5 consecutive days or 40-60 mg/body at 3-week intervals. Of 22 patients with AML, complete remission (CR) was observed in 2 patients and partial remission (PR) in 2. Of 18 patients with ALL, CR was observed in 5 and PR in 3. Of 68 patients with NHL, CR was observed in 11 and PR in 22. Of 8 patients with HD, CR was observed in 4 and PR in 2. One CML case showed CR and one ATL case showed PR. PR was noted in one of 2 patients with mycosis fungoides. Overall remission rate was 43.1% (CR 23 cases and PR 33 cases). The predominant toxicity was myelosuppression. Leukopenia (less than 4,000/mm3) was noted in 67 (77.6%) and thrombocytopenia (less than 10 X 10(4)/mm3) in 24 (27.0%). Nausea/vomiting and anorexia were common, and were observed in 61 (43.3%) and 65 (46.1%) cases, respectively. Hair loss and cardiotoxicity were mild and recovered quickly on discontinuation of THP. Thus, THP was found to be effective for various hematological malignancies including acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[A phase II study of (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in patients with hematological malignancies. THP Study Group]. 394 12

A Phase II study of interferon alfa-2a was conducted in 64 patients with multiple myeloma (42 IgG, 16 IgA, 5 Bence-Jones type, and 1 IgD) in a multi-institutional cooperative trial. Partial remission was obtained in 10 (21.3%) of 47 evaluable patients, and minor responses in 5 (10.6%) of 47. Remission was reached at 22 to 89 days (median, 29 days) after the initiation of interferon alfa-2a and lasted 4 to 55 weeks (median, 8 weeks). Side effects were noted in more than two-thirds of patients, and included fever (58%), malaise (20%), anorexia (52%), nausea-vomiting (26%), lethargy (2%), and myelosuppression (56%). They were all reversible on discontinuation of interferon alfa-2a. Antibody to interferon alfa-2a was detected in 1 of 20 patients tested during the course of treatment. Thus, interferon alfa-2a was effective in multiple myeloma, producing unequivocal response in 21.3% of patients without unacceptable side effects.
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PMID:Treatment of multiple myeloma with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. 394 39

Interferons manifest diverse immunomodulatory and antiproliferative characteristics. Since their spectrum of toxicities includes primarily fatigue and anorexia rather than the myelosuppression concomitant with cytotoxic therapies, it is conceptually appealing to combine both modalities. We conducted a phase I trial among 18 patients using the combination of leukocyte A recombinant interferon (IFN-rA) and BCNU. The intramuscular (IM) IFN-rA dose for the initial 12 patients was 12 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week for an anticipated duration of 12 weeks. Among these patients, we escalated the monthly intravenous (IV) BCNU dose from 50 mg/m2 to 150 mg/m2. Six subsequent patients received IFN-rA 12 X 10(6) U/m2, days 1 to 3, and BCNU 150 mg IV on day 3 of each monthly cycle. Dose-limiting toxicities from both regimens were fatigue and myelosuppression. We recognize the limitation of small sample sizes. Nevertheless, in the absence of a significant number of life-threatening toxicities, it appears that near maximal doses of BCNU and concomitant IFN-rA can be administered with safety in an outpatient setting.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant leukocyte A human interferon combined with BCNU in selected patients with advanced cancer. 395 Jun 78


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