Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of pica in pre-school children was investigated by studying 192 children attending a general paediatric hospital clinic and 69 attending a general practice surgery. The incidence of pica was twice as common in those who kept pets in both study groups. Half of the pet-keeping children with pica had eaten their pet's food. Imitative behaviour is suggested as a probable cause. Pet-keeping compounds a child's risk of infestation not only by providing close contact with a reservoir of enteropathogens but also by encouraging pica.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1981 Dec
PMID:Pets, pica, pathogens and pre-school children. 733 68

Postemergent salmonid fry experience a "critical period" in their development, during which there may be a high mortality rate, so determining the long-term success of the year class. The mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood but physiological stress may be a contributory factor. This study sought to establish at what point in their development, posthatch, salmonids become stress responsive in terms of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Immunoreactive corticosteroids were measured in tissue extracts of rainbow trout at intervals from 4 weeks prehatch to 27 weeks posthatch and in brown trout from 5 to 22 weeks posthatch. Corticosteroids were detectable throughout this period in both species. Simultaneous determination of whole-body immunoreactive corticosteroid levels (IRC) and plasma cortisol levels in fingerling trout validated the use of whole-body levels as an indicator of stress-induced elevation of corticosteroids. However, the dynamics of the circulating cortisol response to stress were not fully conveyed by whole-body measurements. From 5 weeks posthatch IRC increased significantly within 30-60 min following mechanical disturbance and confinement, suggesting a functional HPI axis to be present. An ectoparasite (Ichthyobodo sp.) infestation during this period caused a substantial increase in IRC levels in both species indicating that the HPI axis in these fish was sensitive to naturally occurring stressors. The response of fry to acute and chronic stress resembled that of adult fish in terms of duration. These data indicate that the early pre- and postemergent stages of salmonid fish are likely to be able to benefit from the adaptive advantage of HPI activation during episodes of acute stress but may also be susceptible to the deleterious consequences of prolonged activation of the HPI axis under conditions of chronic stress.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1994 Sep
PMID:The corticosteroidogenic response of brown and rainbow trout alevins and fry to environmental stress during a "critical period". 782 71

Samples of neoplastic and normal urothelium were obtained from cows originating from areas of southern Italy, a region in which chronic enzootic haematuria is endemic and bracken fern infestation is widespread. Specimens were analysed for bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) DNA, BPV-2 E5 expression and telomerase activity. A total of 46 of 60 tumours and 17 of 34 normal bladder mucosa samples harboured BPV-2 DNA. Analysis of a subset of samples showed E5 protein expression and telomerase activity in tumour tissue only. No normal samples positive for BPV DNA showed E5 protein expression or telomerase activity, suggesting the presence of DNA in a latent state. Taken together, these data on naturally occurring bovine bladder tumours corroborate the hypothesis of their virus origin.
J Gen Virol 2003 Nov
PMID:Presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA and expression of the viral oncoprotein E5 in naturally occurring urinary bladder tumours in cows. 1457 96

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a honeybee viral pathogen either persisting as an inapparent infection or resulting in wing deformity. The occurrence of deformity is associated with the transmission of DWV through Varroa destructor during pupal stages. Such infections with DWV add to the pathology of V. destructor and play a major role in colony collapse in the course of varroosis. Using a recently developed RT-PCR protocol for the detection of DWV, individual bees and mites originating from hives differing in Varroa infestation levels and the occurrence of crippled bees were analysed. It was found that 100 % of both crippled and asymptomatic bees were positive for DWV. However, a significant difference in the spatial distribution of DWV between asymptomatic and crippled bees could be demonstrated: when analysing head, thorax and abdomen of crippled bees, all body parts were always strongly positive for viral sequences. In contrast, for asymptomatic bees viral sequences could be detected in RNA extracted from the thorax and/or abdomen but never in RNA extracted from the head. DWV replication was demonstrated in almost all DWV-positive body parts of infected bees. Analysing individual mites for the presence of DWV revealed that the percentage of DWV-positive mites differed between mite populations. In addition, it was demonstrated that DWV was able to replicate in some but not all mites. Interestingly, virus replication in mites was correlated with wing deformity. DWV was also detected in the larval food, implicating that in addition to transmission by V. destructor DWV is also transmitted by feeding.
J Gen Virol 2005 Dec
PMID:RT-PCR analysis of Deformed wing virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and mites (Varroa destructor). 1629 89

A novel virus, Brevicoryne brassicae virus (BrBV), has been identified in the cabbage aphid using a method based on the random amplification of encapsidated RNA. The complete sequence of the RNA genome of BrBV has been determined. The positive-strand genomic RNA is 10 161 nt, excluding the 3' poly(A) tail, and contains a single open reading frame (positions 793-9744) encoding a putative polyprotein of 2983 aa. The N-terminal part of the polyprotein shows similarity with the structural proteins of iflaviruses. The C-terminal part possesses consensus sequences of the helicase, cysteine protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase similar to those of iflaviruses and other picorna-like viruses. The highest sequence similarity observed was with iflaviruses from honeybee and an endoparasitic wasp. Replication and transmission of BrBV was not dependent on endoparasitic wasp infestation of the aphids.
J Gen Virol 2007 Sep
PMID:A novel virus isolated from the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae with similarity to Hymenoptera picorna-like viruses. 1769 71

Measurement of corticosterone has become a useful tool for assessing the response of individuals to ecological stressors of interest. Enhanced corticosterone levels can promote survival of stressful events; however, in situations where a stressor persists and corticosterone levels remain elevated, the adrenocortical response can be detrimental. A potential ecological stressor for wild birds is parasitism by ectoparasites. We studied the stress response of 11-23-day-old brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nestlings by measuring plasma corticosterone levels in relation to the presence of the soft tick Carios capensis at two colonies in South Carolina in 2005. We expected to see higher baseline and stress-induced levels of corticosterone for parasitized chicks compared to those nestlings with no ticks. Although nestlings mounted a response to capture stress, tick category was not associated with corticosterone levels at either colony. Our results appear to contrast those of previous studies and indicate that the adrenocortical response of the host is likely dependent on the type of ectoparasite and the degree of infestation.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010 Mar 01
PMID:Stress response of brown pelican nestlings to ectoparasite infestation. 1971 27

This report presents a patient incorrectly diagnosed first with parasitic infestation and then with primary delusional parasitosis (DP). Neither diagnosis was correct. As she traveled from doctor to doctor, however, the primary DP label gained credibility via repetition, with her ongoing symptoms seen as proof of its truth.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry
PMID:Iatrogenic delusional parasitosis: a case of physician-patient folie a deux. 2030 96

Complete genome sequences were determined for two distinct strains of slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV) of honeybees (Apis mellifera). The SBPV genome is approximately 9.5 kb long and contains a single ORF flanked by 5'- and 3'-UTRs and a naturally polyadenylated 3' tail, with a genome organization typical of members of the family Iflaviridae. The two strains, labelled 'Rothamsted' and 'Harpenden', are 83% identical at the nucleotide level (94% identical at the amino acid level), although this variation is distributed unevenly over the genome. The two strains were found to co-exist at different proportions in two independently propagated SBPV preparations. The natural prevalence of SBPV for 847 colonies in 162 apiaries across five European countries was <2%, with positive samples found only in England and Switzerland, in colonies with variable degrees of Varroa infestation.
J Gen Virol 2010 Oct
PMID:Genetic characterization of slow bee paralysis virus of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). 2051 55

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs of animals and humans by certain dipteran fly larvae. This phenomenon is well-documented, especially among animals and people in tropical and subtropical areas. Oral myiasis is a rare condition that can be caused by several species of dipteran fly larvae. When the larvae are removed from the mouth, the tissues seem to recover with no subsequent complications and no need for further treatment. This article presents a case involving a patient with oral myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax and treated with ivermectin and nitrofurazone.
Gen Dent
PMID:Oral myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax treated with ivermectin and nitrofurazone: case report. 2146 6

As anthropogenic stressors increase exponentially in the coming decades, native vertebrates will likely face increasing threats from these novel challenges. The success or failure of the primary physiological mediator of these stressors--the HPA axis--will likely involve numerous and chaotic outcomes. Among the most challenging of these new threats are invasive species. These have the capacity to simultaneously challenge the HPA axis and the immune system as they are often associated with, or the cause of, emerging infectious diseases, and energetic tradeoffs with the HPA response can have immunosuppressive effects. To determine the effects of invasive species on the vertebrate GC response to a novel stressor, and on immunity, we examined the effects of invasive fire ants on native lizards, comparing lizards from sites with long histories with fire ants to those outside the invasion zone. We demonstrated higher baseline and acute stress (captive restraint) CORT levels in lizards from within fire ant invaded areas; females are more strongly affected than males, suggesting context-specific effects of invasion. We found no effect of fire ant invasion on the immune parameters we measured (complement bacterial lysis and antibody hemagglutination) with the exception of ectoparasite infestation. Mites were far less prevalent on lizards within fire ant invaded sites, suggesting fire ants may actually benefit lizards in this regard. This study suggests that invasive species may impose physiological stress on native vertebrates, but that the consequences of this stress may be complicated and unpredictable.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012 May 01
PMID:The impacts of invaders: basal and acute stress glucocorticoid profiles and immune function in native lizards threatened by invasive ants. 2222 59


1 2 Next >>