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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) up to at least 4 years of age there is virtually 100% prevalence of infestation with the nasal mite Orthohalarachne attenuata. Although clinical observations and gross examination indicate that the condition is not serious, some erosion and inflammation of the nasal turbinates and nasopharynx were seen associated with mites in histological sections.
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PMID:Lesions associated with Orthohalarachne attenuata (Halarachnidae) in the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). 125 11

Health problems of newly established fur farms were defined in Kuopio Province. Three methods of data collection were used: 1) interviews with local farmers 2) authors' personal observations and 3) determination of endoparasitic infestation. Sanitation on farms were found to be rather good. The most commonly occurring diseases were urinary tract inflammations, intestinal infections and ectoparasites. However, health conditions were found to be satisfactory and most problems were of economic nature.
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PMID:Health problems in a newly established fur farming area in Eastern Finland. 687 31

All of 116 northern fur seals examined, except black pups (up to 3 monts old), had nasal mites, Orthohalarachne attenuata and O. diminuata, with the mean density of 1,808 mites per subadult male, 435 per adult female, 251 per silver pup, and 21.5 per black pup. Only 63% of black pups examined were infested with both mites. Larvae represented as much as 99% of the total mite population (total samples), and the females of both species of Orthohalarachne accounted for more than 90% of the total population of adult mites. The O. attenuata adults inhabited the nasopharynx and O. diminuata adults were found primarily in the lungs. Larvae of both species occupied the mucus-filled turbinates. The heavy infestation with these mites appeared to result in impairment of respiration in fur seals, and could also cause lesions in the lungs and secondary alveolar emphysems, predispose to more serious diseases, or even kill the host animal.
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PMID:Populations, microhabitat preference and effects of infestation of two species of Orthohalarachne (Halarachnidae: Acarina) in the northern fur seal. 737 23

An adult domestic short-hair cat from south Texas was examined because of excessive dandruff on the back, neck, thorax, and hind limbs. Removal of a few hairs for microscopic evaluation revealed Lynxacarus radovskyi, the cat fur mite. The small (< 0.5 mm) mite could be readily identified by its laterally compressed body and its characteristic grasping of the hair shaft between the gnathosoma and palpi. Thus far, this mite has been identified as a parasite of cats in warm, humid environments. The number of parasites and apparent discomfort in cats varies considerably, from massive infestation with little discomfort to few mites and marked pruritus. Acaricides that are effective against other ectoparasites of cats apparently are effective in controlling L. radovskyi.
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PMID:Lynxacarus radovskyi infestation in a cat. 844 2

A one-year-old male, chequered giant rabbit had a simultaneous infestation with both Leporacarus gibbus and Spilopsyllus cuniculi. Recurrent episodes of mild to severe pruritus had been noted over a period of two months. On clinical examination, partial alopecia and slightly erythematous skin with flea faeces was evident, although microscopic and cultural examinations of skin scrapings were negative for fungi. Parasitological examination, including adhesive tape strips of the rabbit's skin and fur, revealed L gibbus surface dwelling mites and the rabbit flea S cuniculi. The rabbit was successfully treated against both parasites with topical pyrethrin applied three times over a three-week period, and the clinical signs resolved in four weeks.
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PMID:Leporacarus gibbus and Spilopsyllus cuniculi infestation in a pet rabbit. 1038 65

Complete mortality of males after mating is known in several small dasyurid and didelphid species (up to 300g) and has previously been suggested to be a consequence of their small size and their inability to sequester sufficient fat reserves for an intense rut in the winter. Males of these species use increased corticosteroid levels to allow protein catabolism, enabling them to support their mating effort with other body reserves. However, increased corticosteroid levels have negative consequences such as anaemia, gastrointestinal ulceration, immune suppression and disease. The Australian dasyurid Dasyurus hallucatus shows complete male die off after mating in tropical savannah, yet males of this species may weigh as much as 1120 g and continue to eat during the rut. Die off in D. hallucatus shows many similarities to that in the smaller species including weight loss, fur loss, parasite infestation, increased testosterone levels and anaemia. However, in contrast to smaller species, there is no evidence of elevated corticosteroid levels or gastrointestinal ulceration. Consequently, the phenomenon of male die off after mating lacks a universal explanation.
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PMID:Semelparity in a large marsupial. 1127 Apr 38

Although infestations by a number of Demodex mite species have been described in mice, the occurrence of Demodex musculi infestation was last reported by Hirst in 1917. This communication describes the occurrence of D. musculi infestation in two lines of transgenic mice and their F1-hybrid offspring. We first found the Demodex mite in mouse hair samples collected during efficacy screenings in an ongoing ectoparasite treatment trial for the fur mite Radfordia affinis. An investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of the Demodex infestation within the facility and the original source of the parasite. D. musculi was found in three of the four mouse genotypes present in the index room and in one of these genotypes in two other rooms. The mite was not found in sentinel mice, other strains, or stocks within the facility. The mites were more easily recovered from the immunodeficient B6,CBA-TgN(CD3E)26Cpt transgenic (Tg) and the hybrid double-Tg (B6,CBA-TgN(CD3E)26Cpt x B6,SENCARB-TgN(pk5prad1)7111Sprd)F1 mice than from the B6,SENCARB-TgN(pk5prad1)7111Sprd Tg mouse, which is believed to be immunocompetent despite its thymic abnormalities. Histopathologic examination showed D. musculi superficially in hair follicles but not in the preputial or clitoral gland or in serial sections of the head, eyelids, or ears, the locations favored by other mouse demodicids. Physical and microscopic examination revealed no dermatitis. The immune deficiency in the B6,CBA-TgN(CD3E)26Cpt mouse probably provided the permissive host conditions that contributed to the proliferation and subsequent detection of the Demodex. Preliminary transmission experiments conducted with other immunologic mutant mice and our sentinel strain demonstrated variation in mite transfer and in either detection or maintenance of infestation when na ve mice were housed with those carrying D. musculi. The original source of D. musculi was not conclusively identified, but this parasite appears to be of low pathogenicity in the examined genotypes.
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PMID:Demodex musculi in the Skin of Transgenic Mice. 1208 41

A 6-month study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in wild urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the West Midlands. Samples were obtained of faecal droppings (n = 100) and from rectal swabs (n = 50) of rat carcases collected from active infestation sites. A subset of the rats (n = 25) had additional swab samples taken of the fur, paws and tail. Five (10%) of the rectal swabs were positive for Salmonella by direct plating onto XLD media. No further samples were positive following pre-enrichment and selective culture. A total of eight (8%) faecal samples were positive for Salmonella; two by direct plating and a further six following enrichment. All positive faecal samples were fresh or moist upon collection. None of the samples obtained from the outer surfaces of the rat were positive. Additionally, rat faeces were spiked with Salmonella and sampled periodically to determine survival in drying faeces exposed to a typical indoor environment. Salmonella could be recovered by direct culture up to 86 days. These results demonstrate a regional variability in the carriage of Salmonella in urban rats compared to other studies and that Salmonella longevity in faecal pellets is sufficient to present a potential contamination risk in the absence of an active infestation.
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PMID:Isolation of Salmonella from urban wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the West Midlands, UK. 1239 33

Micro-dot delivery of 1% ivermectin was used in an effort to eliminate an infestation of rat fur mites (Radfordia ensifera) from a conventionally housed colony of Long Evans rats. The colony was used for breeding as well as for behavioral testing. A micropipette was used to apply a 1% solution of ivermectin (2 mg/kg of body weight) to the skin on the dorsal aspect of the shoulder. Three treatments were applied at approximately 2-week intervals. All rats in the colony were treated. However, to avoid toxicity to neonates, nursing females and their pups (control group) received mineral oil in lieu of ivermectin until after weaning, at which time they also were treated with ivermectin. During the treatment phase, skin scrapings were used to detect mites. Control rats remained positive for fur mites when treated with mineral oil. After 3 applications of ivermectin, all rats were found to be free of mites. During the posttreatment phase, skin scrapings, dorsal tape tests, and a washing method were performed on euthanatized rats to detect mites. Rats tested up to 129 days (18 weeks) after ivermectin treatment were still free of mites. In a breeding colony composed of rats of various sizes and ages, micropipette delivery of ivermectin allowed for accurate dosing to eliminate fur mites, while preventing inadvertent toxicosis. We did not detect obvious adverse effects on the breeding program or on the behavioral studies in which these rats were subsequently used, nor did we detect morbidity or mortality associated with ivermectin administration.
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PMID:Elimination of an Infestation of Rat Fur Mites (Radfordia ensifera) from a Colony of Long Evans Rats, Using the Micro-dot Technique for Topical Administration of 1% Ivermectin. 1245 80

Ivermectin has become one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of parasitic infections in laboratory rodents. Despite its wide popularity, little has been published regarding its pharmacokinetic properties in mice. We made use of a routine mite control treatment in a conventional animal unit to gain some knowledge of these properties. Numerous inbred, outbred, and transgenic lines of mice were being treated with ivermectin in the drinking water (32 mg/L) for a chronic Myocoptes infestation. A sample of mice from different cages and rooms was culled at various time intervals to check levels of ivermectin in blood. In addition, cellophane tape impressions of fur were obtained from mice undergoing treatment to monitor the effectiveness of ivermectin in controlling the mite infestation. Results showed that ivermectin levels rose sharply in the serum of treated mice and gradually fell once treatment was discontinued. Maximum levels detected at the end of a 10-day period of treatment were 90 ng/ml. Once treatment was discontinued, serum levels of the drug were undetectable after 7 days. In addition, treatment with ivermectin proved very effective in reducing parasite burdens in the colony. Results were in line with known pharmacological properties of ivermectin in other species. Nevertheless, it was worth noting that serum levels can vary markedly depending on various factors, something to be taken into account when considering treatment of mice, especially transgenics.
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PMID:Some observations on the pharmacological properties of ivermectin during treatment of a mite infestation in mice. 1290 1


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