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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidermal histological findings in the primary scabetic lesion are hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiotic edema and vesiculation. The dermal changes consist of perivascular and diffuse cell infiltrates, mainly mononuclear cells, and sometimes eosinophilic granulocytes. The number of mast cells are slightly greater in primary scabetic lesions compared with secondary lesions and normal skin. Vasculitis is found in those cases showing tissue eosinophils, severe dermatitis, and many mites. A nodular lesion shows perivascular infiltrates mainly containing histiocytes, some with atypical and hyperchromatic nuclei and a few in mitosis, and some lymphocytes and cells with pyroninophilic cytoplasm. Secondary scabetic lesions show acanthosis and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates, mainly mononuclear cells, whereas clinically normal skin presents very slight perivascular and diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates in half of the patients. Both the number of circulating eosinophilic granulocytes and serum IgE concentrations correlate with the severity of the skin reaction. Ten of 60 patients with scabies had markedly increased numbers of circulating eosinophilic granulocytes during scabies infestation. In most of the patients, however, the number of circulating eosinophils decreased after scabies treatment.
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PMID:Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. 730 17

The authors studied seric IgE levels in 79 patients with scabies: 48 p. 100 had significant elevated concentration of IgE (greater than 300 U. I./ml) (p less than 0,001). This is the fact of scabies infestation and is not the result of internal parasitic infestation, associated illnesses or atopic disease. There is a statistically significant correlation between high IgE levels and degree of extension (p less than 0,1) and, overall, eczematization (or) and superinfection (p less than 0,001).
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PMID:[Serum IgE values in human scabies: study of 79 cases (author's transl)]. 733 71

Total serum IgE concentrations of normal and Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) pollen hypersensitive individuals were determined in an Iranian population, using the solid phase radioimmunoassay technique. The mean values were 963.7 and 885.3 ng/ml, respectively, which are much higher than normal values given for non-Iranian populations. In addition, no significant differences were found between observed values (P = 0.1) for normal and allergic individuals. The effect of common parasitic infestation in the Iranian population in causing high serum IgE levels is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical significance of total serum IgE determination in screening of Iranian Russian thistle pollen hypersensitive individuals. 736 43

We have compared hookworm infection intensity, as determined by fecal egg count, and circulating levels of IgE and autoantibodies to IgE in atopic and nonatopic parasitized (predominantly hookworm-infected) patients from Kebasob village on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. Our study has clearly established that parasitized atopic individuals have significantly higher levels of IgE and autoanti-IgE than their nonatopic counterparts, and that atopy does not appear to influence accumulated levels of hookworm infection. These data, therefore, do not support an earlier report that suggested that the atopic state may confer increased resistance to hookworm infestation in a parasitized community in Papua New Guinea.
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PMID:Measurement of hookworm infection intensity and circulating levels of IgE and autoantibodies to IgE in atopics and nonatopics living in a parasitized community in Papua New Guinea. 787 20

Unlike most arthropod ectoparasites, all human lice spend their entire lives on their hosts. This paper aimed to study the correlation between lice infestation and lymphadenopathy on one hand, and the serum levels of immunoglobulins on the other hand. The association of lymphadenopathy (cervical) and lice infestation is explained by the fact that lymph nodes are stimulated as part of an immune response evoked by the saliva secreted by lice. A marked correlation was found between high serum levels of IgE and pediculous children with cervical lymphadenopathy. This may suggest a new aetiological factor for the enlargement of lymph nodes in Egyptian children.
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PMID:Seropositivity against pediculosis in children with cervical lymphadenopathy. 816 50

High Titre, Ascaris specific, porcine reaginic antibody was induced by combining parasitic infestation and antigen challenge. The reagin was characterised as being heat labile at 56 degrees C, possessing long term skin sensitising activity, and as having physicochemical properties similar to IgE in other species. Porcine IgE was purified by conventional immunochemical techniques, and an epsilon chain isolate prepared using SDS-PAGE gel excision and electro elution. Antisera raised against the intact IgE molecule and its epsilon chain were rendered monospecific by immunoabsorption and characterised by reverse cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA) testing, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibition, immunohistology and Western blotting. These antisera are currently being used to study the regulation of IgE responses in the pig.
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PMID:Isolation of porcine IgE, and preparation of polyclonal antisera. 823 96

The authors describe the immunological profile of BALB/c mice with Mite-Associated Ulcerative Dermatitis (MAUD)-like disease, due to Myocoptes musculinus (Koch 1844) infestation. The disease probably involves allergic mechanisms and is characterized by erythematous and pruritic skin lesions, widespread hair loss, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytopenia, granulocytosis and wasting. Affected individuals had much reduced numbers of pre-B and B cells in bone marrow and B cells in blood; decreased T-cell numbers in peripheral lymphoid organs and blood; hypergammaglobulinaemia with selective increases of IgG1, IgE and IgA, and depletion on IgM and IgG3, the same isotype distribution being detected in splenic plasmocytes; qualitative modifications of the serum antibody reactivity pattern; and increased production of IL-4 with decreased IL-2 production after in vitro polyclonal stimulation of T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that infestation by M. musculinus in BALB/c mice leads to a significant immunological disorder resulting in a T-helper-2 (Th-2) type response, with marked systemic consequences. This pathological condition may thus provide a useful model system for the immunobiological perturbation associated with chronic allergic disease.
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PMID:Murine acariasis. II. Immunological dysfunction and evidence for chronic activation of Th-2 lymphocytes. 865 48

We describe here a disease related to mite-associated ulcerative dermatitis in BALB/c mice, a strain previously classified as resistant to this condition. The disease was recognized by pruritic cutaneous pathology and wasting. Pathologic studies showed a marked allergic-type inflammation in the skin. The dominant histologic feature was extensive mast cell infiltration in cutaneous lesions and in lymphoid tissues, associated with a greatly elevated serum IgE concentration. The disease was secondary to infestation with an acarian ectoparasite Myocoptes musculinus, and seemed to represent an allergic reaction to the parasite-derived substances, with an associated wasting syndrome. This condition may be a useful experimental model for allergic diseases.
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PMID:Murine acariasis: I. Pathological and clinical evidence suggesting cutaneous allergy and wasting syndrome in BALB/c mouse. 873 26

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 are cytokines with important roles in IgE production and eosinophilia. Interleukin-4 is essential for IgE production, and IL-5 is the major factor involved in the production and activation of eosinophils. These two phenomena commonly occur together in parasitic infestation and allergic disease. Both cytokines are produced by T helper 2 (Th2) and Th0 cells but not by Th1 cells, and in a number of experimental systems IL-4 is required for the production of IL-5. This article presents evidence that IL-4 and IL-5 are not always co-ordinately produced. There is evidence for selective production of either IL-4 or IL-5 in response to immune stimulation by different adjuvants. Dissociation of production of these two cytokines has also been reported in several pathological situations. An example is intrinsic or non-atopic asthma, with eosinophilic bronchitis but without elevated IgE production, where there is evidence for excessive production of IL-5 but not IL-4. Different microenvironmental factors may favour production of either IL-4 or IL-5. For example, IL-2 stimulates the production of IL-5 but not IL-4. Therefore the Th2 model does not account for all immune responses involving IL-4 or IL-5. Responses characterized by IL-4 without IL-5, and IL-5 without IL-4, can also occur.
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PMID:Dissociation of production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5. 879 28

Previous studies have established that cockroach allergens are important sensitizing agents in the induction of rhinitis and asthma principally in urban areas. This study was undertaken to assess skin test reactivity and specific IgE antibody reactivity to extracts of Periplaneta americana (P.a.), Blattella germanica (B.g.), B. orientalis (B.o.), and a fecal extract of B. germanica (FEB.g.) in a group of patients with rhinitis and asthma living in an urban area in Europe. We examined clinical characteristics and aerollergen sensitivities of 171 consecutive Madrid urban patients with rhinitis and asthma who met the criteria for the study. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was followed by skin prick test with common allergens and saline extracts of P.a., B.g., B.o., and FEB.g. and measurement of serum specific IgE antibody to cockroach extracts. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 68 years (mean 20.4 +/- 16). A total of 153 (90.5%) subjects were atopic and 19 (10%) were considered nonallergic. Pollen sensitivity (66.5%) was most prevalent, distantly followed by sensitivity to cockroach (25.7%), mite (20%), cat (15.5%), Alternaria alternata (14.5%), dog (14%), and food (2%). Skin test reactivity to cockroach extracts was 37 (21.6%) to B.o., 20 (11.6%) to P.a., 19 (11.1%) to B.g. and five (2.9%) to FEB.g. Twenty-one of these patients had rhinitis, 19 rhinitis and asthma, and one only asthma; 26 had perennial symptoms, while 16 had seasonal (spring) symptoms; three (1.7%) patients had only positive prick test to cockroach; all had perennial rhinitis and/or asthma. Eighteen (10.5%) patients had specific serum IgE (RAST 1 or 2) to B.o., 13 (7.6%) to P.a., and six (3.5%) to B.g. Eighty (46.7%) patients had visual evidence of cockroach infestation in their home, mostly B.o.; 31 had positive prick test to cockroach (P < 0.0003). The results indicate that sensitivity to outdoor allergens (pollen) is more prevalent than to indoor allergens. Cockroach sensitization is the most important indoor allergen in our area, and B.o. accounts for most cockroach sensitization.
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PMID:Allergy to cockroaches in patients with asthma and rhinitis in an urban area (Madrid). 887 63


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