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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to confirm that the third larvae stage found in fresh water fish and that the adult parasite found in definitive hosts, corresponded to different stages of the same parasite life cycle (G. spinigerum), we proceeded to the experimental infestation with the following finding of the adult parasite. We were able to confirm in a definitive way the identify of the larva found in fresh water fish.
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PMID:[Experimental infection of an adult domestic cat with third stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum isolated from a fresh water fish]. 306 39

For the control of Oncomelania quadrasi, environmental modifications, i.e., clearing of vegetation, leveling of swampy depression and draining of stagnant water by channeling and excavation were carried out at 3 areas in Leyte, Philippines from 1974 to 1977. The change of snail population resulted in the land reclamation was evaluated by the methods previously developed by the population studies on this snail. As a result of statistical analysis based on y = log(x + 0.01) transformation and the antilogarithmic mean density A-y = (antilog -y) -0.01, the reduction of snail population was observed at 13 out of 18 sites studied at 3 project areas and the significant reduction was statistically confirmed at 9 sites of them. Particularly at Dagami area, which was a wide and heavily snail-infested land adjacent to Dagami Poblacion, the reduction rate of snail density reached 87.7% to 99.2% and some wet depressions have been converted into good rice fields with little snail infestation at the last survey.
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PMID:Population studies on Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, in the Philippines. 5. Quantitative analysis on successful snail control by land reclamation. 309 Mar 17

Safe water contents of consignments of cereals to be shipped overseas can be calculated from the relation between mould-free storage time and storage conditions (temperature of the environment, aw of the cereal), corrected for heterogeneity of water distribution, content of damaged kernels and degree of infestation by insects. The validity of this model was substantiated by the inspection of shipments and theoretical data from the literature. This predictive model can usefully be substituted for previously used, ill-defined criteria like average or any portion's water content and should prompt the trade to sell consignments of cereals on the basis of dry substance.
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PMID:Mould spoilage of cereals during transportation by sea from Latin America to Europe mechanisms, impact and management. 327 23

Cereal grains are liable to damage during shipment as a result of mould growth that generates both heat and moisture. Such heating, like that for insect infestation, results in moisture migration that can cause damage to other parts of the stow. Increasing storage temperature may also increase equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) above the threshold for mould growth. To avoid damage, the initial water content and the loading temperature have to be considered together to prevent any part of the stow exceeding this threshold. Temperature differences between the centre of the grain and its periphery, whether due to mould or insect heating, shipboard sources of heat or decreasing ambient temperatures, must be minimised and the period of time from loading to discharge kept as short as possible.
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PMID:Spoilage relating to the storage and transport of cereals and oil seeds. 327 24

Campylobacter was the bacterial pathogen most prevalent in 859 children, aged 6-59 months, examined in a house-to-house diarrhoea survey in two Liberian communities. 44.9% of the children from an urban slum and 28.4% from a rural area were excretors. Since the prevalence of diarrhoea was very high and consequently many convalescent carriers were found, it was not possible to evaluate the pathogenic role of campylobacter. The excretor rate increased with age and was significantly correlated to the use of supplementary feeding, inversely correlated to the quality of the water supply, and also associated with helminthic infestation. Results from re-examination of 172 children suggested a high intensity of transmission. The findings all indicate the existence of a heavy environmental contamination with campylobacter, probably of both human and animal faecal origin.
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PMID:High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions. 335 21

The effectiveness of recovery of Raillietia auris by flushing the ear canals of recently slaughtered cattle with 20 or 40 ml (two flushes of 20 ml) of water was evaluated. Flushing the ear canals with 40 ml is recommended as a measure of prevalence and density of infestation of Raillietia auris.
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PMID:Evaluation of an ear flushing technique as a postmortem measure of infestation of Raillietia auris (Leidy) (Acari) in cattle. 345 36

Immunologic function was tested both in vivo and in vitro in mice undergoing prophylactic anthelminthic therapy with three agents to assess whether these drugs affected immune responses. This study was performed because investigators often are concerned about the effect of drug treatment on the induction of specific immune responses. While helminthic infestation is recognized as deleterious to the host, it is unclear whether anthelminthic treatment might be immunosuppressive. The effects of piperazine or trichlorphon administered to drinking water or fenbendazole administered in feed were insignificant in BALB/c mice. The induction of allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro, influenza specific memory T cells in vivo, influenza specific antibody secretion in vivo, or influenza-specific helper T cells and CTLs in vitro were examined. Results of this study indicate that anthelminthic treatments did not interfere with immune responses.
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PMID:Effect of anthelminthic treatment on the immune response of mice. 350 17

Six cases of pharyngeal leech (identified as Myxobdella africana) are reported from a highland area of North Kenya. Three patients were severely anaemic and one died. There have been sporadic reports of leech infestation of man in East and Central Africa but these reports lack correct identification of the leech. This paper includes a detailed account of the systematics of the leech and of its habitat. The leeches were ingested accidentally by drinking water from two infested water sources. The major symptoms were a feeling of something in the throat, epistaxis and haemoptysis. On examination, pharyngeal blood was a consistent feature although the leech was rarely seen on initial inspection. Examination under anaesthesia was usually successful in locating and removing the leech. Prompt blood transfusion was life-saving in two cases. The water sources were used by both cattle and man; the cattle may also be parasitized by leeches. Methods of improving the water sources were discussed with community leaders.
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PMID:Severe anaemia and death due to the pharyngeal leech Myxobdella africana. 360 42

We present a case in a male patient from Indonesia of nasal leech infestation by Dinobdella ferox that had gone unnoticed for at least three months. The possibility of leech endoparasitism should not be overlooked in people presenting with epistaxis or hemoptysis and a history of recent contact with fresh water lakes or streams in tropical regions.
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PMID:Nasal leech infestation of man. 360 99

A pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide shampoo was compared with a similarly formulated lotion for their pediculicidal and ovicidal effects against head lice. Forty children with active Pediculus humanus capitis infestation were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a single treatment with either the shampoo or the lotion. An average of ten nits were taken from each patient both before and after treatment. These eggs were incubated for 14 days, the resulting lice counted, and their conditions noted. Lice recovered from the rinse water after treatment were also counted and observed. Although both products proved to be effective in killing lice, the shampoo had greater ovicidal efficacy, 50% versus 25% for the lotion, after adjustment for natural mortality of the ova.
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PMID:Comparison of pediculicidal and ovicidal effects of two pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide agents. 360 18


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