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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) on pruritus and other behaviors of pigs for 9-13 wks after weaning were evaluated. Regardless of the dose of mites inoculated, pigs fed ad lib. spent approximately 60% of their time at rest. Within their average day, pigs spent more time eating in morning and evening, were more active and pruritic at midday, and rested more and spent the least time drinking water at night. Mite infestations increased total activity and time spent scratching and rubbing. Infested pigs sprayed with water rubbed and scratched 4-10 times more frequently than those left undisturbed or disturbed by other means. Pigs receiving inoculating doses of 1,000 mites became more pruritic than pigs receiving 100 mites, and both groups developed more pruritus than non-infested control pigs.
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PMID:Pruritus and behavior of pigs infested by itch mites, Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae). 221 39

During 1986/87, 922 carps have been examined for ectoparasitic helminths. Altogether 6 species of Gyrodactylus and 4 species of Dactylogyrus were found. The most frequent parasite on the gills was D. extensus; it shows a great tolerance to the water temperature with two peaks of infestation between 2 and 9 degrees C. Additionally, relationships between the seasonal dynamics of the invasion cycle of D. extensus and D. anchoratus were recognized. In addition to Dactylogyrus 2 species of Gyrodactylus, G. shumani and G. sprostonae occurred on the gills. G. shulmani tends to show rapid population growth in the warmest months in summer. The highest number of helminths were found in the beginning of September. It is conceivable that G. shulmani will be an agent of a new helminthosis in the GDR. The infestation by G. shulmani is often accompanied by the occurrence of D. vastator. Both species reach the maximum values approximately at the same time. G. sprostonae reached high intensities already in June and August. The common infestation increased by G. katharineri, G. stankovici and G. kherulensis on skin nd fins. G. katharineri seems to have the most favourable conditions in April. The indices dropped to a minimum in summer and autumn. G. stankovici has likely similar ecological claims as G. katharineri and shows a peak of incidence in April, too.
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PMID:Population dynamics and interrelationships of some Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus species on Cyprinus carpio. 229 98

Among the conditions which can cause epistaxis are intranasal or nasopharyngeal foreign bodies. A living foreign body, or parasite, in the nose or nasopharynx is rare in western countries, but in other parts of the world is a fairly common cause of epistaxis. In the past 5 years 17 cases of epistaxis due to infestation with leeches were treated in our 2 departments. In 14 patients, 9-27 years old, the complaint was of recurrent episodes of mild epistaxis and blood-spitting several days before admission. 3 patients were admitted hemorrhaging profusely from the nose and mouth. Examination showed a green-brown mass protruding from the nasopharynx behind the soft palate, which is every case was a blood-engorged leech. Treatment consisted of removing the leech by applying a forceps to the middle of the leech's body and giving a quick pull. Bleeding ceased immediately after removal of the leech. All the patients had drunk water from brooks, streams or fresh water lakes. Therefore, in areas in which leeches are present only boiled or filtered water should be drunk.
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PMID:[Epistaxis caused by leeches]. 248 58

Striped mice, Rhabdomys pumilio, were trapped over a 17 month period in the Thomas Baines Nature Reserve in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Captured mice were placed in cages, over water, and naturally detaching ticks were collected. Only 5 larvae and 1 nymph of Amblyomma hebraeum were recovered from the mice. These represented less than 0.1% of the total number of ticks recovered. No Amblyomma marmoreum were recovered. As the vegetation and large mammals and tortoises in the Thomas Baines Nature Reserve abound in larvae of both these vectors of heartwater the low infestation rates of R. pumilio indicate that it is either unsuitable or inaccessible for these ticks. R. pumilio is therefore unlikely to play a role in the epidemiology of heartwater.
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PMID:The host status of the striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio, in relation to the tick vectors of heartwater in South Africa. 262 67

The authors report on the results of a 2-year study on the ecology and resistance to drought of B. umbilicatus and B. senegalensis on 3 temporary ponds in the North-Sudan area (region of Tambacounda, Senegal). The variations in some abiotic factors like the temperature and the pH of water do not seem to have a strong influence on the ecology while rainfall has a great importance on the distribution and the density of molluscs. As a fact, the quantity of water and the drying out period of these ponds depend upon rain factors which rule the existence and the survival of the malacological fauna. In the second part of the rainy season, the population reaches its maximum, i.e., during the reproduction period. Monthly observations show that the relative abundance of B. umbilicatus is higher than that of B. senegalensis. These ponds are dry during 6 to 8 months per year. However the populations of molluscs regenerate regularly, a fact which presupposes a certain ability to resist drought. Some come through this period successfully, but the middle-sized ones (7 to 9.9 mm) resist better than others (70 to 80 per cent of the population). Immediately after the first rains they resume their activity and lay intensively in order to reconstitute the population. B. umbilicatus and B. senegalensis are potential intermediate hosts for human and animal trematode infections, but in the studied region only B. umbilicatus intervenes in the transmission of S. haematobium and S. curassoni which occurs between September and November. Under natural Sahel conditions the epidemiological cycle is short and everything happens within 4 to 6 months with the regeneration and the growth of the population of molluscs, its infestation and the transmission of trematode infections. The ecological behaviour of these molluscs in the North-Sudan region is very important in the epidemiology of human and animal trematode infections and requires a new controlling strategy. The destruction of molluscs is more effective and more economic at the end of the rain season, which is the beginning of the drying of ponds, a period in which they concentrate in the residual water pools.
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PMID:[Resistance to drought of mollusks of the genus Bulinus, vectors of human and animal trematode infections in Senegal. II. Study under natural conditions in the North-Sudan area. Ecology and resistance to drought of Bulinus umbilicatus and B. senegalensis]. 262 70

Recent epidemiological data show that leptospirosis is widespread in the animal kingdom, and not only among Muridae, and, that the number of human cases is greater than in the past while being still underestimated. To the classical occupational contaminations must now be added those due to water sports. Since leptospirosis has extremely diverse clinical features, physicians should have this diagnosis in mind in many circumstances and should request the appropriate examinations at the right moment. Carefully performed microbiological techniques may reduce the problems encountered in isolating leptospires. Serological tests requested after the 12th day of the disease and repeated several times should improve the diagnostic confirmation. The potential severity of certain forms justifies not only a curative antibiotic therapy, but also prophylactic measures including wider immunization campaigns, notably among people professionally exposed to the infestation.
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PMID:[Leptospirosis]. 274 Jul 83

Present state of opisthorchosis infestation in the Dnieper watershed (rivers Vorskla, Psyol, Khorol, Sula, Seym, Snov, Desna water basins), situated in the Sumy, Chernigov, and Poltava regions of the Ukraine, is assessed. 7909 humans from 37 villages, 94 cats, 1134 carp fishes, 20013 mollusca and 30 soil samples were screened for the presence of Opisthorchis eggs. Opisthorchosis foci with an over 36% infection rate of population remain in the watersheds of the Dnieper left confluents (rivers Desna, Seym, Vorskla and Khorol). Infestation rate varies between various rivers as well as along one and the same river which is due to several ecological and social factors. Opisthorchis circulation is established at all the rivers but in most areas it didn't involve human population. Distribution pattern of human opisthorchosis in evidently focal and patchy which should be taken into account in the planning and implementation of opisthorchosis control measures.
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PMID:[Opisthorchiasis at left Dnieper watersheds]. 275 9

Inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats were evaluated as models for experimental candidiasis in order to investigate bacterial interaction with Candida albicans. Female rats were exposed to C. albicans in their drinking water and killed at intervals from 2 to 22 days after initial contact with the contaminant. C. albicans was cultured from their mouths from day 2 but from day 12 the number of colonies decreased. From day 2 to 9 all rats showed oral histological signs of candidal infestation, but after 9 days the number declined to 3 out of 9 at 22 days. The dorsal surface of the tongue was the best histological indicator of candidal infestation. All the rats had tongue lesions from day 4 to 9, and from day 6 there was also a concomitant localized loss of filiform papillae. The number of rats with all forms of tongue involvement also decreased after 9 days with only 3 out of 9 affected at 22 days. It is concluded that Fischer 344 inbred germ-free rats can be used on a limited scale as a model for candidiasis and bacterial interaction with C. albicans, the dorsal surface of the tongue would be the best site for studying candidal experimental lesions and it is probable that better results can be achieved with complete standardization of contamination and preparation procedures.
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PMID:Evaluation of inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats as an experimental model for oral candidiasis. 276 Dec 28

Between May 18 and December 4, 1986, 79 seagoing containers and their contents of 22,051 used tires were inspected for adult mosquitoes as well as eggs and larvae. Of the total inspected, 5,507 tires (25%) contained significant amounts of water. No adults or eggs were found. Fifteen tires contained mosquito larvae that were identified as Ae. albopictus, Ae. togoi, Culex pipiens complex, Tripteroides bambusa and Uranotaenia bimaculata. The infestation rate for all species was 6.8 infested tires per 10,000 tires (wet and dry) inspected. Aedes albopictus larvae were most frequently collected, occurring at a rate of 20 infested wet tires per 10,000 inspected.
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PMID:Importation of Aedes albopictus and other exotic mosquito species into the United States in used tires from Asia. 290 7

1. Two methods of assessing gastric digestion rates of three prey types fed to Sooty albatrosses Phoebetria fusca were compared: removal of stomach contents, using a water-flushing stomach pump (a technique used commonly in diet studies), and inspection using a fibre-optic gastroscope (a previously unused technique). 2. The stomach pump yielded quantitative information, but proved stressful and resulted in incomplete recovery of meals ingested 3-6 hr before pumping. Gastric morphology of the animals studied and digestion state of their stomach contents may influence the effectiveness of this technique. 3. Inspection using the gastroscope yielded qualitative information only but permitted serial inspection of the same animal, and was less stressful than the stomach pump. Times for total evacuation of the stomach were 6-12 hr less when estimated using the gastroscope than when using the stomach pump. 4. The specifications of endoscopes relevant to their use by biologists are given. 5. Previous non-medical biological uses of endoscopes are given. Potential uses include underwater observations, sampling of digestive juices and stomach linings for enzyme analyses, observations of ingested prey, and assessment of parasite infestation.
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PMID:Use of fibre-optic endoscopes in studies of gastric digestion in carnivorous vertebrates. 290 43


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