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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of sheep infested with strains of Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis were obtained from flocks either with a history of failure to control lice with synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pour-on insecticides, or from farms where SP compounds were not used. The sheep were treated according to the manufacturer's recommendations with registered "off-shears" SP formulations. All treatments were applied under ideal conditions with doses calculated on an individual body weight basis and applied to the dorsal mid-line from the base of the neck to the butt of the tail. Treated sheep were kept in pens and maintained in separate groups. The pour-on SP treatments significantly reduced the lice population but failed to eliminate the infestation in 7 of 13 experiments in sheep carrying strains of lice with resistance factors of greater than 4 to at least one of the SP compounds. Failures occurred with all three of the SP pour-ons currently registered for lice control in NSW and with both water-based and organic solvent-based formulations.
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PMID:Resistance to synthetic pyrethroid pour-on insecticides in strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis. 846 Sep 89

Cysticercus bovis s. inermis, the larvae phase of Taenia saginata is still widely spread. Many reasons are at the origin thereof, e.g. incomplete destruction of the eggs of Taenia saginata during the waste water purification process and differing meat inspection practises. In an area with the same environmental and animal breeding and fattening conditions a yearly average of 6.49% infestation is found in one slaughterhouse, whilst the yearly average in a neighbouring slaughterhouse is 0.93%. The masseter muscles are the main site of infestation. The meat inspection legislation contributes to the infestation with tape-worms in man because of the weakening of the official inspection procedures.
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PMID:[Environmental and food hygiene aspects of cestode infections of humans]. 151 51

An incidentally discovered infestation with the nematode Syphacia muris of cecum and colon in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control (WKY) rats was investigated over a two-year period. Infestation rates in WKY were higher than in SHR, while clinical signs as well as histological changes of colonic tissues were absent in both strains. In vivo net water absorption (microliter/hr/cm2) in control worm-free SHR turned into secretion in infested rats, ie, from 74.2 +/- 23.2 to -7.5 +/- 35.0 (P less than 0.001); this corresponded with a decrease in net absorption (mumol/hr/cm2) of Na from 18.5 +/- 2.4 to 9.3 +/- 4.3 (P less than 0.001) and of Cl from 14.0 +/- 3.2 to 3.2 +/- 5.7 (P less than 0.001). In WKY, net water absorption decreased from 112.2 +/- 23.2 to 48.0 +/- 25.1 (P less than 0.001) and Na and Cl absorption from 22.3 +/- 3.1 to 16.0 +/- 4.2 (P less than 0.005) and from 19.4 +/- 2.7 to 10.9 +/- 4.7 (P less than 0.005), respectively. Antihelminthic treatment with 0.007% pyrvinium pamoate in the ration (four weeks on, six months off) eradicated Syphacia muris in both rat strains. Body weight gain of young rats on normal and pyrvinium pamoate-substituted diet studied over 18 months was similar, indicating a good tolerance of the treatment. It is concluded that results obtained during comparative intestinal transport studies between SHR and WKY may not only be impaired but also significantly distorted by Syphacia muris infestation as SHR appear to be more susceptible to effects induced by this common parasite than WKY.
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PMID:Impaired intestinal electrolyte transport in rats infested with the common parasite Syphacia muris. 755 38

Twenty species of fishes (n = 20,759) were collected from Dauphin Lake, Manitoba, Canada, to determine the types and numbers of ectoparasites they harbored. Counts of ectoparasites on fishes collected with different gear were compared to evaluate different methods of collection and to estimate rates of recruitment of ectoparasites by fishes. Ectoparasites were found on 11 species of fishes and the majority of these were parasitic leeches (Myzobdella moorei, Cystobranchus verilli, and Placobdella montifera) and parasitic Crustacea (Argulus appendiculosus and Lernaea cyprinacea). Some fishes also were infested by neascus-type metacercariae (blackspot) or had tumors (lymphocystis). The prevalence of ectoparasites was correlated with the abundance, feeding habits, and spatial distribution of fish species. Argulus appendiculosus and blackspot were more prevalent on benthic fishes, whereas M. moorei and tumors were more prevalent on limnetic fishes. Mark-recapture records showed that fishes occupying shallow (less than or equal to 1.5 m) water had a higher prevalence of infestation and 28 of 29 infected fishes caught by gill nets were captured in shallow water. Placobdella montifera was the only ectoparasite found on fishes from deep (1.5-3.5 m) water and the only species that was acquired by fishes previously released with no ectoparasite (2 of 239 fishes). The littoral zone (less than or equal to 1.5 m) comprises only 14% of the surface area and 3% of the volume of Dauphin Lake, yet 72% of all gill-netted fishes harboring ectoparasites were collected there. Intensities of ectoparasites estimated from gill net and pound net samples were similar, but prevalence of ectoparasites estimated from samples obtained with gill nets was lower.
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PMID:Evaluation of gill nets, fyke nets, and mark-recapture methods to estimate the number of Hirudinea and Crustacea on fish. 177 96

Periodic larval surveys for Aedes aegypti were conducted in 11 Caribbean countries between 1983 and 1989. On average, there were 24 potential larval habitats per house including 4.9 which held water at the time of examination. Breteau indices for the various islands ranged from 34.7 to 121.6. In descending order of importance, water storage drums, house plants, buckets, used tires and miscellaneous small discarded containers accounted for 84% of all foci. Highest rates of infestation were found in tires (38.4%) and drums (33.8%). For the development of integrated community-based vector control programs, not only should consideration be given to the larval ecology of Ae. aegypti, but also to the sociological significance of the various container habitats and the selection of control strategies most appropriate for their management.
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PMID:Aedes aegypti infestation characteristics in several Caribbean countries and implications for integrated community-based control. 179 48

From 1975 to 1982, the prevalence of liver fluke infestation in Bali cattle of the island of Bali, Indonesia varied between 29% and 46%, and from 1983 to 1988 prevalence rates varied between 6% and 22%. Changes in prevalence rates were more closely associated with water levels in pastures than with other variables in pastures, such as temperatures and pH. Mass-fasciolicide treatment of traditionally reared Bali cattle was economical. The decrease in the prevalence of liver flukes in Bali cattle since 1983 was associated with (1) the introduction of a rice planting system which alternated rice with other crops, and (2) with mass-fasciolicide treatments conducted by the veterinary services.
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PMID:The situation of liver fluke infestation in cattle in Bali. 182 24

A recent outbreak of intestinal schistosomiasis (1989) has been reported in Richard-Toll (Delta of Senegal River) with a global prevalence of 43%. A malacological survey has been carried in order to study, the density of Biomphalaria pfeifferi the intermediate hosts, their distribution and rate of infection, and to identify the transmission sites. Ten districts have been selected. The snails have been collected in the different water points of these localities which are the river, the Taouey marigot, the Taouey channel and the irrigation channels and drains of the CSS (Senegal Sugar Company). A total of 1,210 Biomphalaria have been collected in 45 sites with a variable density of 2 to 150 snails. The overall rate of infestation of snails is 44% but varies according to the districts (9 to 64%). The transmission is acting in all the districts mainly in the Taouey channel (28% of infested snails) the Taouey marigot (38% of infested snails) and particularly in the channels of CSS (47% of infested snails). The situation is alarming and requires urgent action be undertaken to decrease the prevalence and reduce the transmission.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of intestinal schistosomiasis with Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll (Delta of the Senegal River). Malacological study]. 191 48

A nurse from the US worked as a community health nurse with the Mennonite Central Committee in East Africa from 1981-1983. She addressed the importance of health care providers being able to incorporate the context of culture, religion, and socioeconomic status into identifying health care needs and intervention. This was complicated by differences in values and beliefs between the urban and rural populations. Many people believed that spirits of the dead influence their behavior and sense of family. Indeed many thought that spirits or mystical events cause illness. This made health education difficult. For example, people in rural Uganda believed infestation of guinea worm was due to mystical causes. Therefore they were not motivated to filter their water and visited traditional healers for treatment. Many in rural East Africa did not eat any meat so the nurse tried to find sources of protein for their diet, such as ground nuts and insects. Unlike urban areas, large families were preferred in rural areas so she promoted maternal and child health by child spacing. In fact, birth control in urban areas was used often. Rural women were often tired because of many demands on them. For example, they fetched 90% of the water involving 3-4 hours/day and planted 80% of the food. When wells were dug closer to the women, they had less time to interact socially which meant more work in the field. In urban areas, however, women had a higher status. Urban dwellers faced different values and individual priorities than rural dwellers. For example, the tribe and family did not have such a strong hold, but some tried to live an urban and a rural lifestyle. Rural-urban migration has created many social problems such as labor shortages.
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PMID:Health teaching in the context of culture: nursing in East Africa. 204 19

Ivermectin, a potent, effective anthelmintic, is easy to administer, has a broad spectrum of action and a wide safety margin. However, no testing has been done in hosts genetically selected for seizure susceptibility which may be more sensitive to the effects of ivermectin than other animals. This was done in the present experiments with seizure prone and seizure resistant mice infested with Syphacia obvelata (pinworm). These subjects were treated daily with oral ivermectin in their drinking water every other week for six weeks, for a total of 21 days. The treatment cleared the mice of the pinworm infestation, but did not alter the seizure susceptibility or binding parameters of [3H]flunitrazepam in either of the selected lines.
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PMID:Effect of chronic ivermectin treatment on GABA receptor function in ethanol withdrawal-seizure prone and resistant mice. 215 65

The modifying potential of Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infestation on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was studied in male F344 rats. The metacercariae of CS were infected, 60 to each animal, by a single intragastric intubation at various times, before, during or after an 8-week period of DMN (25 ppm in drinking water) treatment. Controls were treated with DMN alone or infected with CS without carcinogen. Animals killed at the end of the 40-week experimental period showed a significant enhancing effect of CS on GST-P+ foci induction when CS was infected 4 weeks before DMN treatment, although no such influence was evident with CS infection during or following DMN exposure. The present findings suggest that CS might facilitate the proliferation of DMN-induced preneoplastic lesions of liver in rats.
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PMID:Enhancement of dimethylnitrosamine-induced glutathione S-transferase P-positive hepatic foci by Clonorchis sinensis infestation in F344 rats. 219 25


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