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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We had the opportunity of studying an epidemic of autochthonous amoebiasis occurring in the autumn of 1974 in a small town of 4000 inhabitants 30 km from Grenoble. Attention was originally attracted by the occurrence in this town of two cases of hepatic amoebiasis and one of intestinal amoebiasis identified by rectoscopy. Systematic investigations (coproctic examinations and serological tests for amoebiasis by indirect antibody fluorescence) were then carried out on everyone in the locality with digestive disorders which were possibly referable to amoebiasis, and on the other members of their families. A total number of 148 coproctic examinations were made and in two cases revealed the presence of vegetative forms of Entamoeba histolytica. In both cases the infestation provoked few symptoms (asthenia, vague abdominal discomfort, intermittent and apparently banal diarrhoea). On the other hand 20 out of 94 serological tests revealed positive results, 14 of which were equal to or greater than a titre of 1/100, a level at which all risks of non-specificity are virtually ruled out under our experimental conditions. Material reasons made it impossible to subject these cases to repeated faecal checks, but in two of them at least the rectoscopic appearances were very suggestive of subacute intestinal amoebiasis. Moreover, amoebic disease appears to be well confirmed by the results obtained among the patients as a whole by treatment with Metroinidazole. A variety of hypotheses on the origin of this epidemic have been put forward and then abandoned (market garden produce, receipt by certain families of exotic frut from overseas). In actual fact water seems to be the point of departure, for, although specimens of water taken at 7 different levels in the water supply system failed to reveal the presence of a single amoeba, bacteriological analyses during autumn 1974 showed signs of faecal contamination. The locality, which is situated at the foot of the Chartreuse massif, receives its water solely from springs but there is a holiday camp for the staff of an international airline situated above the main water catchment.
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PMID:[Epidemic of autochthonous hepatic and intestinal amebiasis in a place near Grenoble]. 0 24

The purpose of the present work is the study of the epidemiological aspects of dracontiasis in an endemic area in Cameroon. The study was undertaken in the central Podokwo settlement in Mora subdivision. It is a mountainous area with a climate characterized by a long dry season, from October to mid-May, and a short rainy season. Two seasonal, streams run across the settlement. The water supply of the community is ensured throughout the year by two well built wells. During the rainy season, shallow unprotected wells are the water sources of about 80% of the inhabitants. Among the 944 subjects studied in our sample, 251 had the disease, corresponding to a prevalence of 26 6%. There is no significant difference between both sexes in the prevalence of the disease in our study. The age group 13-26 years is most affected. The worm load varies from 1 to 5, averagely 1.5. As to the localization of the worms in the body, in 92.7% of cases the worms is located in the lower limbs, the feet alone representing up to 46.8%. Less common sites of localization are the head, the breast, the external genitalia. The maximum rate of infestation is observed between August and September. Desinfection of wells with chemicals would be recommended during this period of time.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic study of dracunculosis in the Podokwos of the Mandara mountains (northern Cameroon)]. 16 Aug 44

1. Cyclical swimming behaviour of the cercariae of the digenetic trematode, Proterometra macrostoma, involves a highly regular alternating swim-sink sequence. During periods of swimming the cercariae are propelled upward through the water by alternating lateral contractions of the tail. Following each burst of swimming the cercariae passively drift downward. 2. Suction electrode recordings from the tail during swimming reveal that a single biphasic potential precedes each contraction in a burst. 3. The site of initiation of the rhythmic activity is the transverse band at the junction of the furcae and body of the tail. Sensory feedback does not play a major role in maintenance of the rhythm. 4. A burst of swimming can be initiated by tactile stimulation of the tail. At no time is a cercaria refractory to tactile stimulation. 5. The tail of P. macrostoma cercariae is an autonomous locomotor organ specialized for the brief free-living period between emergence from the snail host and infestation of the primary host.
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PMID:Behavioural and physiological aspects of swimming in cercariae of the digenetic trematode, Proterometra macrostoma. 53 1

The intermediate hosts of Diplodiscus subclavatus are in Togo, Bulinus forskalii and Segmentorbis kinisaensis. The cercariae, amphistome, leave soon the rediae to achieve their development at the top of the hepatopancreas of the mollusc. The usual infestation of the definitive host occurs by penetration of cercariae into tadpoles with the water flood. Secondary ways of infestation keep up the prevalence near a high level.
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PMID:[Research of the life cycle of a Paramphistomidae (Trematoda) of amphibians in Africa (author's transl)]. 90 Jul 79

In November 1972, 93 out of 100 African buffalo from 3 areas in Ngamiland, Botswana, were found to be infested with ticks. The tick species present and the percentage of buffalo infested by each were: Hyalomma truncatum (63%), H. rufipes (54%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (68%), R. tricuspis (11%), R. simus (4%) and Boophilus decoloratus (1%). The mean number of ticks per animal was 8,6 (standard deviation +/-4,1), representing a mean of 6,5+/-3,4 male and 2,1+/-1,9 female ticks. The incidence of infestation with H. truncatum and the number of ticks of this species on infested animals were lowest in areas where plentiful surface water was responsible for an increase in humidity.
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PMID:Ticks from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Ngamiland, Botswana. 94 Jun 65

A one-year study was done of the breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti (L.) and of the water storage habits of the inhabitants in four crowded districts of urban Jakarta. Immature mosquitoes were found in or near houses in containers of relatively clean water used for drinking or bathing purposes. An average of 185 containers were found per 100 houses, of which 60 were positive for Aedes immatures, resulting in a Container Index of 32%. The mean potential water storage capacity per house was 173 liters of which only 92 liters of water was actually being stored at any one time. Water jars were the most common containers found, but bak mandi (cuboidal or oblong concrete reservoirs) held more water per container. Total water storage per house in bak mandi was twice that of water jars and ten times that of drums, which were uncommon. Ant traps and other miscellaneous containers were unimportant for either water storage or mosquito production. A mean of 0.93 pupae per house was found, pupal production indoors being ten times than outdoors. Indoor water jars produced more pupae per house than all other containers combined. The infestation rate of covered containers was significantly higher than that of uncovered containers, perhaps because loose-fitting lids allowed entrance of gravid females to the attractive darkened interior of the container.
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PMID:Observations on the breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti (L.) in Jakarta, Indonesia. 103 Aug 46

A field survey in a village was carried out to study child health in a rural area. The vaccination scheme was found to be inadequate and the value of health education is stressed. Parasitic infestation was found to be higher than urban areas but significantly lower than 1959 and the latter is attributed to a safer water supply. Growth and development lagged behing the whole national standards particularly during the 1 - 6 years age period. Health care for the pre-school age, taking advantage of co-operation from medical faculties and local health authorities, is recommended.
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PMID:A field survey on child health in a rural community in Egypt. 112 Oct 39

The percutaneous (leg and thorax and abdomen) and subcutaneous routes of infestation with Schistosoma mattheei were compared in 29 sheep. Larger percentages of cercariae developed after percutaneous than subcutaneous infestation and the difference was highly significant (P less than 0,0001). Furthermore, if the leg was used for percutaneous infestation worm development was significantly higher (P less than 0,02) when the skin was washed thoroughly in water before exposing it to cercariae, than when it was left unwashed. Washing was apparently not necessary if the thorax and abdomen served as the route of infestation.
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PMID:Studies on schistosomiasis. 7. A comparison of various methods for the infestation of sheep with Schistosoma mattheei. 120 43

The evolution of the population densities of Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus forskalii has been studied during 18 months in a number of sites of the Sudan-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, in relation to certain environmental factors. Only the altitude of the water in the sites has an influence on the density of the snails. The populations of B. truncatus present a greater proportion of young molluscs during the entire year, with the exception of the last months of the dry season. The population dynamics of B. forskalii varies depending on whether the environment is temporarily stagnant, temporarily running or stable. The proportions of B. truncatus and B. forskalii that emit cercariae of schistosomes are 1.2% and 0.8% respectively. Study of the adult worms obtained after infestation of the laboratory mammals show that B. truncatus emits cercariae of Schistosoma haematobium at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of the rainy season. We have not been able to identify precisely the cercariae emitted by B. forskalii, which raises the necessity of further systematic studies being carried out on the schistosomes of Cameroon.
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PMID:[Population dynamics and infestation of Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus forskalii by schistosomal larvae in the Sudan-Sahelian zone of Cameroon]. 129 27

Young people constitute 46% of the population in the West Bank of Israel and 48% in the Gaza Strip with a rate of growth of 3.1% and 3.4%, respectively. Their living conditions are characterized by lack of sanitation, shortage of water (especially in comparison to Israel proper), unemployment, curfews and closing of schools during tense periods by the military authorities as collective punishment for incidents. Since 1967, Israel has controlled and administered the health care service in these territories. Since the 1980s dilution of pediatric care has been documented in the West Bank: there were no special services available for treating 200 Palestinian children with malignant tumors. Decentralization has resulted in only 1 project around Hebron and in 10 villages in the vicinity of Jerico when the objective was to reach by community-based service 200 villages in want of out patient child and maternal health services. Official Israeli sources indicated a greatly reduced infant mortality by 1987; to below 30/1000, but other sources indicated 91/1000 live births under 1 year of age and 120/1000 under 3 years of age. These rates are contrasted with 18/1000 among the Palestinian community in Israel and 12/1000 among the Hebrew population itself. Infant mortality and morbidity is caused by diarrheal and respiratory diseases. A high incidence of dental caries and dermatological and intestinal parasitological problems have also been encountered by an Italian medical team. In 3 villages studied there was a 32% incidence of intestinal parasitic infection in children up to 3 years of age; 26% giardia lamblia, 3% entamoeba histolytica, 3% hymenolepis nana, 3% entamoeba coli, and 1% ascaris lumbricoides. 3% had double infestation. In 1990 the UN registered 329 cases of measles: 252 in Syria, 45 in Lebanon, and 122 in Gaza. 153 of these had been vaccinated, and in Gaza there had been a measles vaccination campaign. The incidence of diseases dependent on the environment have decreased: infantile diarrhea, infectious hepatitis, and intestinal fever. The problems of public health can only be resolved by an independent national authority.
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PMID:[The living and health conditions of Palestinian children]. 129 73


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