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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum zinc and copper levels were determined for fifty cases with positive infestation of Schistosoma mansoni at Ismailia General Hospital. In the early infected cases, serum zinc and copper concentrations showed small alteration to lower and higher values, respectively, compared to the reference. Those with a long history of infection, serum zinc showed a big decrease in its concentration but serum copper showed a great extent of increasement in its level comparing to the reference values. The study recommended the administration of zinc dietary to counter balance the trace metals redistribution.
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PMID:Serum zinc and copper levels in bilharzial patients. 249 79

Four coastal Aboriginal settlements in the northwest area of Australia have been investigated for plasma trace metal status--Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe). The 350 Aboriginals were considered in two groups; five to 20 years of age and 20 to 70 years of age. Forty per cent to 50% had plasma Zn levels below two standard deviations from the normal and 60% to 70% had plasma Cu levels greater than two standard deviations above the normal (almost 100% at Kalumburu). Hypoferraemia was common. These results are more significant than those of a previous study of 350 individuals living at two inland settlements. The coastal missions have access to fresh meat and fish, and at Kalumburu food is prepared for the people. While the climate, soil, and the Aboriginal predilection for white flour may play a role, it is speculated that the Zn deficiency is related to parasitic infestation in the intestine, loss of blood, and failure of zinc absorption.
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PMID:Evidence for zinc deficiency in aboriginal settlements in Northwestern Australia. 725 81

An ultrastructural study into the origins of the increased number of apoptotic bodies in the small intestinal crypts of zinc deficient rats was carried out. Two strains of rat were used and each strain was sub-divided into three groups; zinc deficient, pair-fed controls and ad libitum controls. All three groups of one strain were heavily infested with intestinal parasites, both bacteria and flagellated protozoa. Increased numbers of apoptotic bodies were found in the upper crypt/villus region of zinc deficient rats in both the parasitized and parasite free strains. Some of these apoptotic bodies contained structures resembling the electron lucent intestinal epithelial cells found in zinc deficient rats, others contained unidentifiable cell remnants that had undergone advanced degenerative changes. In zinc deficient parasitized rats only, apoptotic bodies were found at the crypt base which contained identifiable remnants of Paneth cells. The majority of these had been ingested by intestinal epithelial cells but some had been ingested by macrophages. The effect of zinc deficiency and parasitic infestation on apoptosis is discussed.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies on Paneth cell apoptosis in zinc deficient rats. 738 31

The effect of oral dosing with emissions containing heavy metals (mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and chromium) on immune status was tested in 3 groups of sheep. Two groups (Groups I and II) were given emissions for 15 d. One of these groups (Group I) was then also infested with Fasciola hepatica metacercaria on day 16. These 2 groups (Groups I and II) and a control group (Group C) were immunized with a Listeria vaccine on days 8 and 22. A decreased index of metabolic response (IMR) of phagocytes and reduced responses of lymphocytes to mitogenic activation with phytohemagglutinin and L monocytogenes antigen stimulation in the leukocyte migration-inhibition test were recorded. Decreased agglutination titers of serum antibodies against L monocytogenes were observed. The F hepatica infestation had no significant effect on the migration index or IMR.
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PMID:The influence of heavy metal emissions and Fasciola hepatica infestation on the immunogenicity of a Listeria vaccine. 763 88

Infestation of sheep by L. cuprina larvae produces extensive skin wounds, severe dermatitis, hyperammonaemia and stress with adrenal necrosis and haemmorhage. In infested sheep, intramuscular (im) injections of Dl-Alpha tocopherol induced wool shedding and Desferrioxamine im prevented declines in white blood cells (WBC). In further trials, daily im injections of sodium ascorbate with Dl-alpha tocopherol, desferrioxamine and oral butylated-hydroxyanisole prevented adrenal damage and induced adrenocortical hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata. The treatment boosted the levels of mature and juvenile neutrophils, and blood glucose. Increases in toxic ammonia levels were correlated with increased toxic and band neutrophils, and globulin levels in treated sheep and toxic neutrophils in non-treated sheep. Decreases in serum zinc were correlated with declining lymphocytes and globulin levels. The results suggested that antioxidants protect and enhance adrenal activation in hyperammonaemic toxaemia. The changes in WBC, globulins and glucose were consistent with protected adrenocortical activation.
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PMID:Effect of parenteral antioxidants on adrenal pathobiology and leukocytes in hyperammonaemic toxaemia. 763 76

The group of children infested with Giardia intestinalis consisted of 52 children aged from 3 to 10 years. The infestation was diagnosed on the basis of duodenal contents examination. The control group comprised 50 children in whom no infestation with intestinal parasites was found. Mean age of children in both groups was not different. Disturbances were found in zinc metabolism in children with Giardia intestinalis infestation. Mean serum zinc concentration in those children was 58% of serum zinc concentration in children in the control group. Similarly, zinc concentration in the erythrocytes of children in the infested group was lower and was 64% of the concentration in children in the control group. Elimination of zinc with urine in infested children was lower than in the control group, and was 36% of the level in non-infested children. Mean concentrations of serum zinc carriers, total protein, albumin fraction and transferrin were not differing between both studied group of children. Also the concentration of picolinic acid--a zinc absorption factor in the gastrointestinal tract--in duodenal contents was similar in both groups. The above mentioned results show that in children infested with Giardia intestinalis a decrease occurs of zinc absorption from the gastrointestinal tract which causes zinc deficiencies in the those children.
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PMID:[Zinc deficiency in children infected with Giardia lamblia]. 824 76

Attempts to immunise sheep against natural infestations by Lucilia cuprina larvae have not been effective. Yet it is known that the larvae excrete the immunosuppressant ammonium bicarbonate. The effect of larval ammonium and nonionic ammonia on immunopathobiology was evaluated in 12 infested sheep. The concentration of ammonium in veins draining infested sites was measured in another group of four sheep. Mean jugular unionized ammonia concentration increased 3.5 to 5.6 times above pre-infested control levels. Mean venous ammonium concentrations draining infested sites were 13 times higher than pre-infested jugular or carotid levels. Increases in jugular ammonia concentrations correlated with increased number of larvae, area of infestation, earlier death, neutropenia, eosinopenia, lymphocytopenia, large declines in serum globulins and zinc, and large rises in toxic neutrophils. The high concentrations of toxic unionized ammonia in blood directly permanently damaged neutrophils and lymphocytes and depressed serum globulin production. The results show that the ammonium from the excreta of larvae of L. cuprina may be highly immunosuppressive.
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PMID:Excretion of ammonia by Lucilia cuprina larvae suppresses immunity in sheep. 922 34

Domestic and peridomestic triatomine colonization, T. infestans infection rate and human seropositives to Trypanosoma cruzi in rural areas of Empedrado Department, Corrientes, Argentina, were carried out. Methods used in order to search the triatomines, to determine them systematically, to obtain their infection rates and the human seropositives, were the same applied in a previous report. From 100 households characterized, 53.0% had mud walls, laminated zinc or cardboard combined with other elements were used in 37.5% of the roofs, and 83.0% had earthen floors. Presence of domestic animais sleeping inside houses was detected in 91.0% of human dwellings. Domestic infestation by T. infestans was 29.0% and 1.0% by T. sordida. Other T. infestans entomological indexes recorded were: natural infection index = 23, colonization index = 75 and dispersion index = 54,5. T. sordida was found in 12.1% of peridomestic structures while T. infestans was detected in 2.4%. General prevalence from 298 human sera analized by Indirect Hemagglutination and Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Tests, was 32.2%. A high percentage of positive serology (23.7%) was found among 0-10 years old, wich represent the age group of higher transmission risk.
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PMID:[Household infestation by triatomines and human seroprevalence in Empedrado Department, Corrientes, Argentina] 1088 60

S100A12 is a member of the S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Together with two other calgranulins, S100A8 and S100A9, it is mostly expressed in human granulocytes, although there is increasing evidence of expression in keratinocytes and psoriatic lesions. It is involved in host-parasite response, and linked to corneal autoimmune diseases connected with filarial parasite infestation. Interaction of S100A12 with a multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates inflammation. Human recombinant S100A12 was found to induce neuritogenesis of cultured hippocampal cells, similar to two other S100 proteins, S100B and S100A4. X-ray structure of S100A12 has been solved in two crystal forms: R3 and P2(1). In the R3 crystal form S100A12 is a dimer, and in the P2(1) crystal form the dimers are arranged as a hexamer. The hexameric form suggests its role in receptor oligomerisation. S100A12 binds copper at the predicted zinc/copper binding site, which is located close to the surface of the protein. We propose copper-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species by S100A12 as its function in host-parasite response.
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PMID:Multiple structural states of S100A12: A key to its functional diversity. 1264 6

This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the prevalences of the intestinal protozoan infection according to localities and the mode of the infestation in the mountainous area of Chollapuk-do, Korea during the year 1970-1971. 8,508 of fecal samples were collected among the inhabitants of the mountainous area, which covered 18 Myens(=Township) from 6 Guns(=County) in the eastern part of Chollapuk-do. Most of the inhabitants of this area were engaged in farming and living under lower economic and poor sanitary conditions. The samples were examined twice repeatedly by iodine stained direct fecal smear method. For the study on the mode of infestation, with the exception of drinking water, the zinc sulfate floatation technic was applied for the examinations of hog-feces, manure heap, garden soil, sewage, dishtowel, dust in room and floor, house fly and house rat. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Among total 8,508 fecal specimens examined, 3,152(37.6 %) were positive for the intestinal protozoa: E. histolytica 9.8 %, E. coli 25.6 %, E. nana 7.2 %, G lamblia 6.8 %, I. butschlii 0.6 %, and C. mensnili 0.7 %. 2. A single infection of the intestinal protozoa was the highest(68.3 %), and double infection(22.3 %) triple, quadruple and quintuple infections were in decreasing order. 3. The highest distribution (39.8 %) was observed in the group aging 41-50, and the lowest (27.3 %) in the group above 61. The groups under 10 years showed a relatively high positive rate among all age groups. 4. Sexual distribution of protozoan infection showed slightly higher rate (38.6 %) in male than that (35.4 %) of female. 5. Jangsoo-gun showed the highest positive rate (42.9 %) and Namwon-gun was the lowest (32.5 %). The prevalence of E. histolytica showed the highest (11.6 %) in Imsil-gun and the lowest (6.9 %) in Jangsoo-gun. 6. E. histolytica cysts were found 9.1 % among total 99 samples of hog feces, 4.8 % among 78 samples of manure heap, 0.6 % among 164 samples of fingernail dirt, 5.3 % among 57 samples of drinking water, 15.8 % among 19 samples of sewage, 7.1 % among 42 samples of dishtowel, 0.1 % among 780 samples of house fly and 5.0 % among 40 samples of house rat.
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PMID:[Studies on the incidence of the intestinal protopozoa in the mountainous area of Chollapuk-do] 1291 6


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