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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the effect of Psoroptes ovis on the energy metabolism of heifers, 32 calves were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Calves were fed the same diet at two intake levels, high or low, and were either infested or were not infested with P. ovis mites. Calves were housed in antigrooming stanchions. Body composition was determined by urea dilution on Days 0 and 63. Ration digestibility was determined on fecal grab samples using acid-insoluble ash as a marker. Infested calves had developed a severe P. ovis infestation 7 weeks following exposure and had significantly lower daily gain, gain:feed, and energy retention and higher serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase than control calves. P. ovis infestation increased the maintenance energy requirement of calves by greater than 50% (79 vs. 123 kcal of net energy kg-1 body wt.75). For each 10% increase in the body surface affected by P. ovis, maintenance energy requirement increased 0.5 mcal day-1.
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PMID:Influence of Psoroptes ovis on the energy metabolism of heifer calves. 356 57

The efficacy of pyrantel embonate (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(trans-2-(2-thienyl)-vinyl)-pyrimidine embonic acid salt; Combantrin) was evaluated in 60 cases of hookworm infestation. They were divided into six groups of 10 cases. Pyrantel embonate was administered orally, in dosage schedules (randomized) of 100, 75, 50, 20, 15, and 10 mg/kg of body weight. The stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were positive in each case. The predominant species was Ancylostoma duodenale (in 58 patients). After treatment with pyrantel embonate the stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were negative on the 10th and 15th days in each group. The blood levels of the drug were significantly higher in patients receiving 100 and 75 mg/kg body weight. In groups A and B one patient experienced nausea and vomiting on the day of administration of drug. There were no abnormal changes in liver function tests or blood urea levels in any of the groups. Hence the optimum single dose of the drug effective against hookworm infestation is 10 mg/kg body weight, and further studies are required to evaluate the minimum effective dose of pyrantel embonate.
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PMID:Pyrantel embonate in treatment of hookworm infestation. 512 39

The biochemical profile [levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides and iron, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, glucose, and vitamins A and E] was studied in the blood serum of 40 anoestrous and 40 control inseminated animals in a production herd with an increased occurrence of anoestrus in gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed significantly lower levels of albumin (P less than 0.01) and glucose (P less than 0.01) and ALP activity (P less than 0.05), and significantly higher concentrations of urea (P less than 0.01), vitamin A (P less than 0.01) and vitamin E (P less than 0.05) and ALT activity (P less than 0.05), as compared with the inseminated controls. An extended enzymatological examination consisting of the evaluation of the activities of ALP, AST, ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT) was performed in another set of 22 anoestrous and 20 mated gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed a statistically significant increase in the activities of AST (P less than 0.01), GMT (P less than 0.01) and ALT (P less than 0.05) and an insignificant increase in the activity of ALP in comparison with the control animals. The comparison of the obtained values of the studied biochemical criteria with literary data indicated a lower concentration of magnesium and a higher ALP and ALT activities in the anoestrous and inseminated gilts in both groups under study. A high acidity of fat and a medium to high fungus infestation (Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp.) were found by chemical and mycological examination of the administered feed mixtures. The histological examination of the ovaries of anoestrous animals showed cystically degenerative changes, proliferations of fibrous elements, and partial atrophy of ovarial cortex. It has been inferred from the observations that mycotoxins may be involved in the increase in the occurrence of anoestrus, either by a direct effect on sexual organs or by impairing the function of liver which, secondarily contributes to the rise of ovarial dysfunctions.
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PMID:[Changes in selected biochemical indicators in blood serum in anestrous gilts]. 640 28

This study deals with the problem of some aspects of the influence of infestation by an hematophagous parasite Nerocila orbignyi (Crustacean, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on sea-bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax, L. 1758) ecophysiology, reared in the pond Diana (Corsica). We can summarise results as: decrease in body condition, in weight, in levels blood protein, blood lipids and triglycerides; but increase in levels blood urea. We too observe hypochromic macrocytic anemia with increase in eosinophils, neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. When parasitism decrease, we remark improvement of body condition and biometry characteristics; an increase in level blood protein, lipid, cholesterol and a decrease in the level blood urea. We remark erythropoiesis stimulation.
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PMID:[Cymothoadian parasitosis of the sea-dace (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus 1758) during breeding. II. Parasitic ecophysiology in the Diana pond (upper Corsica)]. 667 45

Nine yearling crossbred beef heifers, Bos taurus L., were used to examine physiological responses to horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), infestation. Heifers were stanchioned indoors in individual environmentally controlled rooms. On day 0, each animal received 0, 500, or 1,000 horn flies. Fly numbers were adjusted daily to maintain an appropriate infestation for each heifer. Feed intake, respiration rate, and rectal temperature was recorded daily. In addition, blood samples were collected from each animal on days 0, 12, and 33 for serum constituent analysis. To monitor metabolic hormone status, intensive blood samples were also collected hourly for 6 h on days 0, 12, and 33. Throughout the period of treatment, feed intake values were similar among treatments resulting in comparable body weight at the end of the trial. Respiration rates on each day were similar among groups. Rectal temperature was also unaffected by horn fly infestations. Serum electrolyte analysis revealed that neither Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, nor Fe differed among treatments. Likewise, HCO3/CO2 ratio, anion gap, and serum osmolality did not differ among treatment groups. Major indicators of nutrient status (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea N, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, globulin) and insulin, growth hormone, and prolactin were also unaffected. Serum bilirubin and enzyme (alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase) concentrations were similar in control heifers and those infested with horn flies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum constituent profiles of beef heifers infested with horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae). 783 15

Twenty-four Hereford-Angus crossbred beef steers were exposed to 0, 75, 150, and 225 horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), per head under controlled environmental conditions. The physiological and nutritional indices of all steers were recorded during a 14-d infestation period. Overall rectal temperature increased in steers exposed to 225 H. irritans was per head. Feed intake and nitrogen consumption by steers exposed to 225 H. irritans was lower than uninfested steers during the first 4 d. Overall serum cortisol was lower in steers exposed to 150 or 225 H. irritans per head compared with unexposed steers. Compared with unexposed steers, packed cell volume (percentage) was lower in steers exposed to 150 H. irritans on days 4, 7, and 14, lower in steers exposed to 225 H. irritans on days 7 and 14, and lower in steers exposed to 75 H. irritans on day 14. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher on day 1 in steers exposed to 75 H. irritans per head compared with uninfested steers, whereas BUN was lower in 225 H. irritans-exposed steers on days 7, 10, and 14 when compared with uninfested steers. Our data, in conjunction with previously published data, suggest that rectal temperature increases in beef steers exposed to > 150 H. irritans per head, and water consumption and urine production increases at infestation levels > 225 H. irritans per per head. Our data were unable to resolve H. irritans effects on steer heart rate, respiration rate, urinary nitrogen excreted, nitrogen retained, and serum cortisol levels.
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PMID:Effects of the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) on physiological and nutritional responses of beef steers: continuous fly population levels. 855 50

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme and amino acid (a.a) patterns were evaluated in comparison to several other biochemical parameters for liver and renal function with the objective of clarifying the differential diagnosis of hepatic disorders and predicting the outcome of schistosomal infection in Egyptian patients. Patients examined included those with complicated hepatic disorders and others with different stages of schistosomal infestation, hepatoma or bladder cancer, in addition to a normal control group. Several biochemical parameters appeared to be useful in establishing consistent differences or similarities between the studied groups. Examples are; elevated serum AST/ALT ratio and methionine content in chronic schistosomiasis, elevated serum urea/creatinine ratio and leucine content in all schistosomal patients and extremely high levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine of non-schistosomal bladder cancer patients. In addition, characteristic LDH isoenzyme profiles distinguish between the studied groups, in particular separating chronic schistosomiasis from schistosomal bladder cancer and hepatoma from other hepatic disorders.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and amino acid patterns in several schistosomal and non-schistosomal disorders as compared to other biochemical parameters. 887 15

Clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies were performed in sheep experimentally infected with Babesia ovis. Acute babesiosis occurred in all the lambs infested with adult Rhipicephalus bursa ticks and in one lamb infested with the larvae. The rate of parasitaemia and the degree of anaemia were not correlated. Decrease in the packed-cell volume ranged from 30 to 40%. Parasitized erythrocytes were not observed to block capillaries in the brain, which explained the absence of nervous symptoms in acute babesiosis. The kidneys were the most severely affected organs, exhibiting acute glomerulonephritis. The lesions observed were suggestive of vascular alteration and vascular stasis, leading to anoxia of the tissues. A disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome was recorded in sheep infected with babesiosis. A marked increase in the enzymes of the transaminase groups, mainly aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was observed. Enzymatic changes (increases in AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreases in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malic enzyme (MEZ)), decreases in total proteins and albumin, and increases in urea and creatinine might reflect the degree of severity of the damage to the liver and kidney tissues. Most of the lambs (85%) that were infested with larvae, and all lambs infested with adult R. bursa ticks, reacted serologically to B. ovis antigen. The serological reactions following infestation with the larvae occurred much later than those following infestation with the adult stage. The lambs which were infested with larvae showed mild clinical reactions when challenged by infected R. bursa adults, as compared with the reactions to the challenge in naive control animals. The serological findings, in addition to the fact that one splenectomized lamb reacted to larval infestation with acute ovine babesiosis, show that the preimaginal stages of R. bursa can transmit B. ovis, usually causing a sub-clinical disease. It is suggested that infections derived from preimaginal ticks in the winter can preimmunize sheep for the subsequent more severe infections derived from adult ticks in the summer. Furthermore, in the absence of a reliable vaccine against B. ovis, grazing flocks in the enzootic regions should be exposed to the preimaginal stages during their activity period (October-February) before exposure to the adult ticks in spring and summer (April-July).
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PMID:Clinical, clinico-pathological and serological studies of Babesia ovis in experimentally infected sheep. 978 Aug 25

The term avidity used to express the strength of the bond between a serum specimen and a multivalent antigen. It is known that the avidity increases with time after antibody challenge and measurement of the avidity has been used diagnostically. Recently an assay measuring the IgG avidity of various virus infections and of toxoplasmosis was used to distinguish between acute and chronic infection. Our study was focused on the method to distinguish acute and chronic Toxocara infection, zoonosis caused by the larvae of dog and cat ascarids Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati known all over the world for the possibility of provoking the infestation of man, accompanied by visceral or ocular clinical manifestations. The infection is generally diagnosed by demonstration of specific immunoglobulins to Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES) in sera of infected patients. Highly sensitive assays with specific antigens are necessary for detection of antibodies. The test that has been proved clinically useful is the ELISA reaction with TES antigens. This method detects the antibodies for months or even years after infection and this is the reason why the discrimination between chronic and recent infection is very difficult. For disrupting the hydrogen bond urea has been used. The index of avidity was calculated as the ratio of IgG values in sera treated with urea and the value of IgG in non-treated sera, multiplied by 100. An index up to 40 is considered as low avidity, that means freshly acquired infection (36 to 40 borderline) and more than 40 is high avidity. In the group of 1,376 patients only 5.09% low avidities were found. It means that predominantly patients in the chronic stage of infection attend examination.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of the early phase of larval toxocariasis using IgG avidity]. 1132 29

Adult Psoroptes ovis were successively extracted in saline, 1% Tween, 1% Triton and 8 m urea +0.1% CHAPS. The Triton extract was separated into fractions which did or did not bind to ConA lectin. Using QuilA as adjuvant, both Triton fractions and the saline, Tween and urea extracts were tested separately as candidate protective antigens against a P. ovis challenge infestation in sheep. All induced circulating antibody responses, but the saline and Tween extracts also stimulated significant protective effects in those sheep which developed active disease. Compared to control sheep injected with adjuvant only, these immunized animals had more than two and seven-fold reductions in mean lesion areas and mite numbers, respectively.
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PMID:Attempts to immunize sheep against the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis. 1210 15


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