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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on lambs maintained on a ration containing a low level of selenium and on animals receiving vitamin E and Se supplementation was investigated. The pathological changes seen in control animals slaughtered at the start of the experiment and in the animals which died during the course of the investigation revealed a high level of nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) in the lambs. There were no marked haematological changes in the control or infested sheep. Infestation was characterized by slight hypoalbuminaemia and gamma-globulinaemia. Serum levels of the enzymes AAT and CPK, which are important indicators of muscle necrosis and NMD, were greatly increased in sheep infested with T. colubriformis and not receiving supplementary Vit. E + Se. Data from this study therefore indicates that trichostrongylosis may aggravate the degree of muscle necrosis in lambs prone to the development of NMD.
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PMID:Haematological changes caused by Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs fed a dystrophogenic diet. 91 93

A deworming/family planning project funded by JOICFP was successfully initiated in Kerling Estate, Kuala Kubu Bahru, Malaysia. Rapport between estate management, workers, and the National Family Planning Board helped establish the project. A recent Gotong-Royong or community self-help project had encouraged enthusiasm among workers to clean up the estate. Mothers were exhorted to plan their families and devote attention to the health and welfare of the children. The need for parents to understand the causes of infestation and educate their children to wear slippers or shoes and develop good toilet habits was emphasized by Dr. Nor Laily Aziz. Continuing National Family Planning Board and Government support was pledged.
Asian Pac Popul Programme News 1979
PMID:Deworming/family planning project launched on estate. 1230 91

Appropriate animal models for specific diseases in man can facilitate elucidation of mechanisms underlying tumour development and allow potential interventions and therapeutic regimens to be tested in vivo before consideration for use in the human situation. In the North-east of Thailand exceptionally high levels of cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) are encountered, related to infestation with Opisthorchis viverrini liver flukes. The Syrian hamster can also be infected with metacercariae of the fluke and heavy loads of parasites cause the development of cirrhotic livers. While the presence of flukes alone does not give rise to neoplasms, large yields of cholangiofibrotic lesions and CCCs can be readily induced with additional carcinogenic insult. While removal of the parasite with the antihelminthic drug Praziquantel can protect against carcinogenesis, this is dependent on the timing of the drug administration and the efficacy of application to the human situation remains to be confirmed. The available information would suggest that interest needs to be concentrated on potential chemopreventive agents which could be administered to individuals at high risk. Furthermore, understanding of the genesis of CCCs and the characteristics of preneoplastic lesions, again as assessed in the animal model, might allow novel approaches to identification of early stage cases and effective surgical intervention.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Experimental investigation of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma induction in the Syrian hamster - pointers for control of the human disease. 1287 18

In Thailand, liver cancer is the most common malignancy in males and the third most common among females. In the Northeast region, cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is the prevalent type, with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), an endemic liver fluke, being considered the cause. We evaluated the role of ultrasound (U/S) for cholangiocarcinoma screening as part of a larger cohort to characterize the linkage between liver fluke infestation and CHCA in Khon Kaen (Northeast Thailand). Most people (77%) had normal U/S findings while only 0.5% had suspected CHCA; thus, U/S should be used primarily for those with the highest risk, presenting symptoms and/or being OV positive.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Ultrasound screening for Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinomas: experience in an endemic area. 1705 38

The present nested case-control study within the Khon Kaen cohort study was conducted to assess risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development. Cases were 108 subjects with proven CCA, by ultrasound at least, and controls also numbered 108, matched by sex, age (not more than 3 years difference) and period of recruitment to the cohort (not more than 3 months difference). A questionnaire was constructed based on that employed for the Khon Kaen cohort study recruitment. McNemar's chi-square test and conditional logistic regression were used for crude analysis and multiple conditional logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results revealed a sex ratio of 2:1 for males:females. The current study found a statistically significant relationship when adjusted for other potential covariate factors between cholangiocarcinoma and the consumption of total fruits 3-4.6 times per day (OR= 0.32, 95% CI= 0.12-0.88) and history of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in stools at recruitment plus consumption of meat <0.45 times per day (OR= 2.99, 95% CI= 1.04-8.62). The findings suggest that O. viverrini infestation is the strongest risk factor for development of cholangiocarcinoma and also suggests decrease in risk among individuals who consume more fruit.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Thailand: a nested case-control study. 1953 93

Cholangiocarcinoma is a common hepatobiliary carcinoma in Thailand. It is believed that both chronic exposure to liver fluke infestation and nitrosamine exposure are the two main underlying factors leading to the carcinogenesis. Here, the author further extrapolates and proposes a new hypothesis based on the environmental ecological data that the stimulation of fresh water fish by contaminated pesticide in water reservoirs might be a possible background of the high prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009
PMID:Pesticides, fresh water fish, liver flukes and nitrosamines: A story of cholangiocarcinoma development in Thailand. 2016 55

Among cockroaches (CR) that live in people's homes, two species, i.e., German CR (Blattella germanica) and American CR (Periplaneta americana) predominate in temperate and tropical areas, respectively. CR is an important source of inhalant indoor allergens that sensitize atopic subjects to (localized) type I hypersensitivity or atopy including allergic rhinitis and atopic asthma. In Thailand the predominant CR species is P. americana. CR allergens are found throughout CR infested houses; the number found in kitchens correlates with the degree of CR infestation while sensitization and reactivation of the allergic morbidity are likely to occur in the living room and bedroom. Levels of the CR allergens in homes of CR allergic Thais, measured by using locally made quantification test kits, revealed that the highest levels occur in dust samples collected from the wooden houses of urban slums and in the cool and dry season. CR allergens are proteins that may be derived from any anatomical part of the insect at any developmental stage. The allergens may be also from CR secretions, excretions, body washes or frass. The proteins may be the insect structural proteins, enzymes or hormones. They may exist as dimers/multimers and/or in different isoforms. Exposure to CR allergens in infancy leads to allergic morbidity later in life. Clinical symptoms of CR allergy are usually more severe and prolonged than those caused by other indoor allergens. The mechanisms of acute and chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) have been addressed including specific IgE- and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms, i.e., role of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2). Participation of various allergen activated-CD4+ T cells of different sublineages, i.e., Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, Th25, Tregs/Th3 as well as invariant NKT cells, in asthma pathogenesis have been mentioned. The diagnosis of CR allergy and the allergy intervention by CR population control are also discussed.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol
PMID:A revisit to cockroach allergens. 2103 77

The aim of this action research was to enhance people's potential to prevent and control liver fluke infestation. The subjects were a total of 96 participants comprising 20 community leaders, 74 individuals handling and preparing food, and 2 officials from the Local Administration. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaire and the results of stool examination of the participants were recorded. The main methods used to collect qualitative data were focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. For qualitative data analysis, the researchers undertook a qualitative content analysis. For quantitative data, conventional descriptive statistics were used and the mean differences with the 95% CI before and after the study were compared. The results in the early stage found that the participants were not aware of the fact that eating raw fish might be the cause of developing cholangiocarcinoma. 94.8% of participants however knew that eating raw fish might be cause having liver fluke infection which can be treated be taking an antihelminthic drug. They perceived that it is way of life since their ancestors already consumed raw fish because they found it to be delicious. However, through participating in this study, it was realized how dangerous it is to get infected with the liver fluke. Participants also learned the life cycle of liver fluke. They talked about this within their families, and communicated as well as cooperated with others to strengthen a network of a club concentrating on not eating raw fish. The communities and the Sub-district Administrative Organization supported the project. In conclusion, it is advisable to improve the behavior of participants in villages so that they became aware how to prevent and control liver fluke infection and therefore the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011
PMID:Liver fluke prevention and control in the northeast of Thailand through action research. 2187 98

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a notoriously lethal malignancy arising from the biliary tract epithelium. While relatively rare, incidence rates have increased markedly worldwide in the past decade. Although definite risk factors such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infestation, and hepatolithiasis have been well- documented, the cause of CCA remains unknown for most cases. An importance of not only genetic alterations but also epigenetic aberrations, including promoter hypermethylation and histone modifications, has been indicated for the processes of carcinogenesis and pathogenesis of CCA. This review focuses on epigenetic mechanisms involved in CCA genesis, with special emphasis on their applicability as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction as well as promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012
PMID:Epigenetic aberrations in cholangiocarcinoma: potential biomarkers and promising target for novel therapeutic strategies. 2348 Jul 63

Intestinal helminth infections may reduce nutrient availability and thereby impair cognitive growth and other functions. Certain nutrients such as fatty acids may also modulate inflammation and the immune response and, thus, the severity of helminth infection. Fatty acid status may, therefore, both be affected by and affect helminth infection. Rural school-children in South Africa with a 35% helminth infestation rate were assessed for serum total fatty acid status. With hookworm, a higher percentage total n-3 fatty acids were found with functional implications.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 1998 Jun
PMID:The fatty acid status of rural school children with helminth infections. 2439 49


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