Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Praziquantel (EMBAY 8440, Droncit) is a new type of acylated isoquinoline-pyrazine. A single oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against juvenile and adult cestodes in mice and rats. For the first time, with praziquantel a compound is available that is also effective on cestodes in the bile-duct. Using Hymenolepis nana in mice we were able to show that age, sex, strain and intensity of infestation of the host have no influence on the efficacy. The onset of the effect of praziquantel in vivo is rapid. Within 10 min the parasites were immobilized and contracted and excreted within a few hours with the faeces.
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PMID:The efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in animals. 90 23

Praziquantel and albendazole have been recently described as effective drugs for treatment of intraparenchymal brain cysticercosis. We performed a prospective study comparing the efficacy of these drugs. Twenty-two patients were treated with praziquantel and 21 with albendazole. In addition, 16 patients were treated with symptomatic drugs only and used as controls. Treatment was discontinued in two patients receiving praziquantel and one patient receiving albendazole owing to acute decompensation of the increased intracranial pressure, and one of them died. Albendazole and praziquantel were effective when compared with the control group. However, albendazole was significantly more effective than praziquantel in reducing the total number of cysts in the computed tomographic scans (88% vs 50%). Despite these results, however, analysis of clinical course showed a high frequency of neurologic sequelae. Considering the risks and fallibility of anticysticercal therapy, the real solution for this serious disease continues to be prophylaxis of infestation.
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PMID:Therapy for neurocysticercosis. Comparison between albendazole and praziquantel. 153 32

The effects of repeated Praziquantel administration, subsequent to infection and reinfection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), on lesion development in the Syrian hamster liver were investigated. Five applications of the antihelminthic drug were made (300 mg/kg body wt, i.g.), each time approximately 5 weeks after dosing with 60-80 OV metacercariae at weeks 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32. The animals were then maintained until week 40 when they were killed; histopathological investigation revealed no significant development of either hepatocellular of cholangiocellular preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions. The results indicate that repeated exposure to Praziquantel at levels sufficient for successful removal of parasite infestation does not itself carry carcinogenic risk.
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PMID:Repeated exposure to Opisthorchis viverrini and treatment with the antihelminthic Praziquantel lacks carcinogenic potential. 174 24

The efficacy of different dose rates of Praziquantel (Droncit R) in tablet and liquid (injectable) form against Raillietina tetragona in the domestic fowl was studied. A dose of 10 mg kg-1 of Praziquantel in tablet form and 0.15 ml kg-1 in liquid form was found to be effective against R. tetragona infection irrespective of age, sex and intensity of infestation of the host. Intramuscular (IM) administration of liquid Praziquantel was found to be more effective than subcutaneous (SC) administration. Susceptibility of the parasite to this drug increased with age.
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PMID:The efficacy of praziquantel (Droncit R) against Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1958) in domestic fowl. 334 85

Cerebral cysticercosis is becoming more common in Australia as the immigrant population from areas of endemic disease increases. The case reported exemplifies the common presentation of this interesting infestation. Treatment consists primarily of Praziquantel with or without steroids and anti-seizure medication if indicated. Follow-up is by both clinical and radiological assessment.
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PMID:Cerebral cysticercosis: a case report with particular reference to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. 347 48

Infestation with intestinal parasites can now be controlled by several broad-spectrum compounds. These drugs are particularly useful against multiple intestinal parasites, as frequently found in tropical and subtropical countries, and are well suited to mass treatment. The introduction of oxamniquine and praziquantel constitutes a break through in the treatment of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis. Praziquantel also perfectly controls taeniasis, sometimes including its larval form (cysticercosis). Experience is too short to evaluate the effectiveness of benzimidazoles (notably albendazole), administered post-operatively or alone when surgery is contra-indicated, in the treatment of hepatic or alveolar hydatid disease. Better drugs are needed to treat Fasciola hepatica infestation or to control onchocerciasis and other diseases due to filariae.
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PMID:[Present status of the treatment of helminthiasis]. 623 58

Among 810 parasitologically examined persons (1981) 277 (34%) showed positive findings. The high percentage of parasitisation in foreigners (86%) is to be explained by the in most cases aimed transfer of these patients (215 of the 810 persons). Affection with Schistosoma was recognized in 51 patients at the age of 17-47 years (means = 21.86), without Africans, and stood in the 3rd place of the distribution of frequency of the heterogeneous parasitoses. 49 of these patients came from Mozambique, 1 from Namibia and 1 from Zambia. In 51% S. haematobium was diagnosed, in 22% S. mansoni and in 27% a double infestation with the two forms of parasites. While 80% of the patients with affection of S. haematobium showed clinical symptoms (macrohaematuria, cystitis complaints), there were only 44% among the S. mansoni group. 47 patients were treated with Niridazole (Ambilhar, 25 mg/kg, 5-7 days), 2 patients with Praziquantel (Biltricide, 40 mg/kg, 1 day) and 2 other patients with Praziquantel after unsuccessful Niridazole therapy. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. In 17% of the patients treated with Niridazole the primary treatment did not lead to cure; side effects (abdominal pain, nausea, vertigo) were observed in 55%. Praziquantel was tolerated very well. During a control period of 1 year living eggs of Schistosoma were no more proved.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and therapy of schistosomiasis]. 661 96

The various presentations of schistosomiasis mansoni are discussed, stressing the indications of parosites elimination. Parasitologic cure is necessary, although, when the infestation is recent (acute), the drug efficacy is lower than in the chronic forms. Surgery may be pertension, special care must be taken, and in the pseudotumoral form there is not enough diet regarding progression of the disease after treatment. Contraindications are linked to associated illness, and are due to toxic effects of the available drugs. The mechanism of action of such drugs are discussed, as well as the historical background. Hycantone, Oxamniquine and Praziquantel are detailed in separate, with the proposed drug schedules and possible side effects.
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PMID:[Drug therapy of mansoni schistosomiasis]. 721 41

In the North-east of Thailand, repeated antihelminthic therapy has been introduced for control of the opisthorchiasis known to be a major risk factor for cholangiocellular carcinomas. What influence this may have on tumorigenesis, however, remains unclear. The effects of administration of praziquantel, an antihelminthic drug, at different time points subsequent to infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) on 2,2'-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN)-initiated lesion development in the liver of female Syrian hamsters were therefore investigated. Praziquantel (250 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was given 4, 12 or 20 weeks after infection of DHPN-treated animals (two 1000 mg/kg i.p. injections at weeks 0 and 2) with 60 OV metacercariae (at week 4). Survivors at week 38 were killed and examined. It was found that whereas praziquantel administration at the earlier two time points was effective at reducing hepatocellular nodule development, the results for cholangiocellular lesions were less pronounced, significant reduction only being evident in hamsters treated 4 weeks after parasite infestation. The findings thus indicate that enhancement of DHPN-initiated bile duct carcinogenesis by opisthorchiasis is both rapid and to a large degree irreversible. Hepatocellular lesion development in this model, on the other hand, appears to correlate more closely with the duration of parasite-associated proliferative stimulus.
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PMID:Time-dependent modulation of liver lesion development in Opisthorchis-infected Syrian hamster by an antihelminthic drug, praziquantel. 846 30

Appropriate animal models for specific diseases in man can facilitate elucidation of mechanisms underlying tumour development and allow potential interventions and therapeutic regimens to be tested in vivo before consideration for use in the human situation. In the North-east of Thailand exceptionally high levels of cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) are encountered, related to infestation with Opisthorchis viverrini liver flukes. The Syrian hamster can also be infected with metacercariae of the fluke and heavy loads of parasites cause the development of cirrhotic livers. While the presence of flukes alone does not give rise to neoplasms, large yields of cholangiofibrotic lesions and CCCs can be readily induced with additional carcinogenic insult. While removal of the parasite with the antihelminthic drug Praziquantel can protect against carcinogenesis, this is dependent on the timing of the drug administration and the efficacy of application to the human situation remains to be confirmed. The available information would suggest that interest needs to be concentrated on potential chemopreventive agents which could be administered to individuals at high risk. Furthermore, understanding of the genesis of CCCs and the characteristics of preneoplastic lesions, again as assessed in the animal model, might allow novel approaches to identification of early stage cases and effective surgical intervention.
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PMID:Experimental investigation of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma induction in the Syrian hamster - pointers for control of the human disease. 1287 18


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