Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nepal is a mountainous Himalayan country. All the signs of underdevelopment--poverty, illiteracy, sickness, malnutrition, high birth rate, high infant mortality--are evident. Life in Panchkhal is not easy. Women work hard, fetching water from streams or ponds. There are no safe sources of water. Water-borne diseases are common because of fecal contamination of water. Unhygienic habits and unsanitary disposal of human excreta have resulted in a high incidence of parasitic infestation in the community. In 1983, community-based health care units were set up. Community members pooled funds for a community-based primary health care unit where drugs for diarrhea, scabies, dysentry, cough, fever, and eye infection would be made available at low cost. The Integrated Family Planning and Parasite Control Project has set up a sales depot to make drugs available at nominal prices. 2 health units were established in Panchkhal in 1983. There was a strong determination on the part of the community to improve the health status of the people, especially that of the uner-5s. The local village health workers were trained and assigned to work in the project area. Village health workers found the health unit a useful base. The importance of disease prevention was realized by the villagers. At present there are 9 health units. Each is run by 2 village health workers who receive salaries from either the integrated project of the government FP/MCH program. Social workers also provide services. A woman volunteer trained in basic MCH and family planning motivation assists the unit twice a week. The responsibility of the health committee is to ensure the smooth operation of the unit and to see that health care is provided to the villagers. Toilets have now been constructed in many homes. Children are healthier. Family planning is more acceptable to the community. The marketing of lacal produce is a problem, as well as funding of the health project.
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PMID:Making life easier in the rugged countryside through the Panchkhal Panchayat Health Movement. 1231 82

We tested 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH) and novel semiochemicals as potential spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) repellents over multiple years in Utah and Colorado trapping bioassays. MCH is a known spruce beetle repellent and our testing revealed Acer kairomone blend (AKB) and isophorone plus sulcatone as repellents. We subsequently tested these semiochemicals for area and single tree protection to prevent spruce beetle attacks at locations in Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Alaska. Individual tree protection trials found MCH-AKB provided significant protection against spruce beetle attacks in the southern Rocky Mountains but not in Alaska. Adding sulcatone or doubling MCH-AKB pouches did not further enhance protection. A degree of protection was extended to spruce at least 10 m distant from the repellents, including in Alaska. Tree diameter was not a significant covariate among treated trees but was positively correlated with the probability of infestation for surrounding spruce. In area protection trials, spruce in control plots were 2.4 times more likely to be in a higher severity attack class compared with spruce in plots treated with MCH-AKB pouches deployed at 30 sets per hectare. Tree diameter had a significant, positive relationship to the probability of infestation. We found MCH-AKB to offer a high degree of protection against beetle attack in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) (Pinales: Pinaceae) (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) (Pinales: Pinaceae), especially for single tree protection (66% of control trees were strip- or mass-attacked compared with 6% of repellent-treated trees). AKB requires registration and labeling, however, before this economical and environmentally benign semiochemical can be used operationally.
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PMID:Advances in Semiochemical Repellents to Mitigate Host Mortality From the Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). 3123 49