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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from 22 Andean localities in Bolivia (n = 968) and Peru (n = 37) were analysed by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. Among 12 gene-enzyme systems analysed, GPD, 6GPD and PGM were polymorphic, ACON, G6PD, GPI, 1DH, LAP, MDH, ME, PEP-A and PEP-B were monomorphic. Allozyme frequencies were analysed in relation to geographical and climatic factors, and the presence or absence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. At one locality (Vallegrande, Bolivia), the frequency of 6Pgd-1 was significantly higher in infected (41% of 85) than in uninfected (17% of 83) adult T. infestans, although no such difference was found among nymphs (n = 347). From other localities, only insects infected with T. cruzi were subjected to isozyme analysis. Populations of T. infestans within villages showed panmixia, while genetic differentiation of T. infestans between villages was correlated with the distance between them. The genetic structure of T. infestans natural populations followed an 'isolation by distance' model, involving a series of founder effects followed by genetic drift, rather than adaptation in response to differential selection pressures. This conforms with circumstantial evidence that T. infestans spread, mainly in association with recent human migrations, from a source, probably in southern Bolivia. Isoenzyme characterization of populations of T. infestans could be used to infer sources of re-infestation during the surveillance phase of control programs.
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PMID:Population structure of Andean Triatoma infestans: allozyme frequencies and their epidemiological relevance. 951 35

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead originally described from Tanzania is also distributed in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia (3). Although this species is a relatively unknown root-knot nematode, M. ethiopica parasitizes several economical important crops, such as tomato, cowpea, bean, cabbage, pepper, pumpkin, tobacco, lettuce, and soybean (4). This species can be morphologically confused with M. incognita (Kofoid & White), and therefore, is probably easily overlooked (1). Recently, characteristic esterase isozyme patterns were described for this species, which provide a more reliable identification (2). In October 2003, Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Belle plants with large root-galls were observed in a greenhouse at Dornberk, Slovenia, which were identified as an unknown root-knot nematode within the M. incognita group. Subsequent sampling revealed infestation of all tomato plants within this greenhouse with obvious aboveground symptoms of stunting and wilting. Additional morphological and isozyme studies identified this root-knot nematode as M. ethiopica. The identification was based on female, male, and second-stage juvenile morphology and malate dehydrogenase and esterase isozyme phenotypes from young egg-laying females isolated from 20 tomato plants and compared with a culture of M. ethiopica from Africa. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of M. ethiopica in Slovenia, but also the first report of this species in Europe. References: (1) A. M. Golden. Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 15:189, 1992. (2) W. Mandefro and K. Dagne. Afr. J. Plant Prot. 10:39, 2000. (3) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 31:263, 1968. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Nematologica 15:315, 1969.
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PMID:First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato in Slovenia. 3081 95