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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the western region of Switzerland, the canton of Freiburg, the clinical and subclinical distribution of Chorioptes spp. was studied in 14 stables with tethered housing and 10 stables with loose housing, for a total of 667 dairy cows. Chorioptes infestations were diagnosed in 22 out of the 24 herds. In the 14 stables with tethered housing 33.8% of the dairy cows were clinically suspicious and 31% were found parasitologically positive. These values were higher than in the 10 stables with loose housing that had 26.5% clinically suspicious cases and 17.8% parasitologically positive cows. The collected clinical findings and parasitological diagnoses, as well as the analysed data of Chorioptes infestations allowed to determine a reference value for these herds which could be used by the practicing veterinarian as an aid in deciding whether to treat the whole herd or the single animal. In a cow population an amount of more than 12% of cows with clinically manifest Chorioptes spp. infestation reflects a problem concerning the whole herd and therefore the whole herd needs to be treated. If less than 12% of the cows are visibly infested and no subclinical Chorioptes cases are proven, then it only constitutes a problem of single animals and therefore can be dealt with individually. The treatment of the herds of two farms with tethered housing with Eprinomectin was very effective and showed a long lasting 100% antiparasitic effect which lasted more than 92 days after treatment.
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PMID:[Chorioptic mange in dairy cattle: a new assessment for its control]. 1986 7

The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was evaluated in cattle harbouring induced infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis (sarcoptic mange) in three studies conducted in Germany (two studies) and Austria (one study). A total of 44 cattle were included in the studies, 12 in one study and 16 in each of the other two studies. Approximately eight weeks following initial induced infestation, cattle in each study were formed into replicates of two animals each on the basis of pre-treatment bodyweights. Within replicates the animals were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: ERI vehicle (control) or Eprinomectin 5% (w/v) ERI (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg). Treatments were administered at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder once on day 0. The number of live mites in skin scrapings was determined prior to treatment and at weekly intervals for eight weeks after treatment. Severity of skin lesions was evaluated and scored when skin scrapings were taken. In all studies, animals were weighed before infestation and again prior to and at 56 days after treatment. Mite counts for treated cattle were significantly (p<0.05) lower than counts for controls from Day 7 onwards. Cattle treated with Eprinomectin ERI were Sarcoptes mite-free from seven, 21 or 28 days post-treatment to the end of the study in the three studies, and lesions regressed accordingly. Mean weight gain over the post-treatment period was significantly higher for treated cattle than for controls in two studies. All animals accepted the treatment well.
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PMID:The treatment of bovine sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis) using eprinomectin extended-release injection. 2327 86

The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was determined in cattle harboring naturally acquired infestations of first- or second- and third-stage larvae of Hypoderma spp. in three studies conducted according to the same protocol in the USA (two studies) and Germany (one study). Thirty cattle sourced from herds with a history of Hypoderma infestation were included in each study. Cattle were formed into replicates of three animals each on the basis of pre-treatment anti-Hypoderma antibody titers. Within replicates each animal was randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: ERI vehicle (control) at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight, administered once on Day 0; Eprinomectin 5% ERI at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg), administered once on Day 0 (when larvae were expected to be first instars); or Eprinomectin 5% ERI at 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight (1.0 mg eprinomectin/kg), administered once when larvae were second or third instars (study dependent, Day 73, 119, or 140). Treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder. In all studies, emerging and/or expressed Hypoderma larvae were recovered, speciated, and counted and viability was determined. Eprinomectin LAI treatment was 100% (p<0.05) efficacious against first- and second- or third-stage larvae of Hypoderma bovis (two studies) and Hypoderma lineatum (one study). All animals accepted the treatment well. No adverse reaction to treatments was observed in any animal in any study.
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PMID:The efficacy of eprinomectin extended-release injection against Hypoderma spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) in cattle. 2327 87

Eprinomectin (EPM) is a macrocyclic lactone used against endo-ectoparasites without withdrawal time in milk and meat after its pour-on administration at 0.5mg/kg. Previous experiments evaluated the efficacy of EPM against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle. This study assessed EPM efficacy against R. (B.) microplus after topical administration at two dose rates and investigated the relationship between EPM systemic exposure in the host and drug concentrations accumulated in ticks recovered from treated animals. A standardized pharmaco-parasitological study was performed in two phases. In phase 1 eighteen Braford cattle naturally infected with R. (B.) microplus were divided into three experimental groups with a similar level of infestation (Kruskal-Wallis test, P>0.05): control group and treated groups with EPM pour-on (1 and 1.5mg/kg). Samples of heparinized blood and ticks at different life stages were taken between 0 and 21 days (d) post-administration to measure EPM concentrations by HPLC. The efficacy trial (phase 2) included eighteen Braford calves naturally infected with R. (B.) microplus divided into control group and 1mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg EPM treated groups. Female ticks (4.5-8mm) on cattle were counted between 1 and 23 days post-treatment to evaluate the efficacy of EPM. The reproductive efficiency index (REI) and the fertility efficiency index (FEI) were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of EPM showed a linear relationship with the level of dose rate administered. Peak plasma concentrations were within a range between 13.8 and 90ng/ml, which guarantee milk drug concentrations below the maximum residues level. High EPM concentrations were detected in ticks. EPM concentrations in R. (B.) microplus were correlated to plasma concentrations between 1.25 days and 21 days post-administration (r 0.84; P<0.05). EPM efficacy calculated using the Henderson-Tilton formula was 98.9% and 99.1% (7 days post-administration) and 100% (23 days post-administration) after EPM treatment at 1 and 1.5mg/kg, respectively. EPM administered at 1.5mg/kg also showed a significantly higher deleterious effect on tick fertility as measured by FEI (P<0.01). Therefore, treatment with EPM may be useful for controlling ticks in cattle, particularly in dairy production systems.
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PMID:Eprinomectin accumulation in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment. 2679 Jul 31