Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between reactive arthritis and Giardia lamblia infestation, although it has been previously described, is not very common. We present a 32 year-old woman who had oligo-arthritis and erythema nodosum after Giardia lamblia infestation. We think that a Giardiasis should be more frequently considered in patients with arthritis after an episode of diarrhea.
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PMID:[Reactive arthritis and infestation by Giardia lamblia]. 180 94

Giardia has been frequently implicated as a causative agent for acute as well as chronic diarrheal diseases in children. The present study was aimed at exploring the determinants of manifestations of Giardiasis in childhood, in relation to various host and parasite related factors. A total of 200 children with acute (100), chronic (50) or without (50) diarrhea in last 15 days were recruited for the study and evaluated with regards to nutritional status, serum immunoglobulins, secretory IgA levels, presence of Giardia in stool/duodenal aspirate/duodenal biopsy specimen and for associated infections. Lysates from acute giardiasis cases were further studied for zymodeme (banding) pattern. After correlation of all investigations, humoral immune defect in the host was found to be the major determinant of whether the Giardial infestation would be symptomatic or not, while associated bacterial infections and zymodeme patterns were not found to be important in determining the pathogenicity or presentation of giardiasis.
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PMID:Determinants of symptomatic giardiasis in childhood. 878 80

Giardiasis is the intestinal infection resulting from infestation with the human parasite Giardia intestinalis, also called Giardia lamblia. The infection may be asymptomatic or present with a variety of symptoms such as diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal cramps, and failure to thrive. Giardiasis is most often diagnosed after recent travel or in day care centres. The organism has two stages in its life cycle. It is usually ingested as a cyst with as few as 10-25 cysts being sufficient to cause infection. After excystation, the organism is a replicative trophozoite which may attach to the small bowel wall. Giardia intestinalis does not invade the bowel wall. Trophozoites may encyst and be shed in faeces for future ingestion by another host. Diagnosis of infection is by stool examination which may also eliminate other possible infectious agents. Small bowel biopsy may be necessary in difficult individual cases or to rule out non-infectious illnesses, and stool ELISA may serve for large population screening examinations. The mainstay of treatment is metronidazole 250-400 mg three times per day by mouth for 5 days.
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PMID:Review article: the management of Giardiasis. 1038 16

Whipple' disease is mainly characterized by affecting the digestive system, although it can be a multisystemic process with different clinical symptoms. The bacillus causing the disease has been isolated and cultivated in 2000 and the genome sequence has been recently analyzed in 2003, which means new perspectives for its diagnosis and treatment. Giardiasis is an infestation caused by a protozoo and may cause a malabsorption syndrome or run in a subclinic way. The case of a middle-aged male is described, who after a three-year period of migratory arthralgias, showed weight loss, diarrheas and abdominal pain, being diagnosed of Giardiasis, and after the persistent symptoms and a number of studies, was diagnosed with Whipple disease. Nineteen cases of Giardia-Whipple coinfection have been described in the literature, but the reason of this association has not been found yet. The discussion on whether there is an alteration in the immunitary system which facilitates infections or, the development of an infection lead to the other one, goes on.
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PMID:Association between Whipple's disease and Giardia lamblia infection. 1626 31

Giardiasis, the infestation of the intestinal tract by Giardia lamblia, is one of the most prevalent parasitosis worldwide. Even though effective therapies exist for it, the problems associated with its use indicate that new therapeutic options are needed. It has been shown that disulfiram eradicates trophozoites in vitro and is effective in vivo in a murine model of giardiasis; disulfiram inactivation of carbamate kinase by chemical modification of an active site cysteine has been proposed as the drug mechanism of action. The triosephosphate isomerase from G. lamblia (GlTIM) has been proposed as a plausible target for the development of novel antigiardial pharmacotherapies, and chemical modification of its cysteine 222 (C222) by thiol-reactive compounds is evidenced to inactivate the enzyme. Since disulfiram is a cysteine modifying agent and GlTIM can be inactivated by modification of C222, in this work we tested the effect of disulfiram over the recombinant and trophozoite-endogenous GlTIM. The results show that disulfiram inactivates GlTIM by modification of its C222. The inactivation is species-specific since disulfiram does not affect the human homologue enzyme. Disulfiram inactivation induces only minor conformational changes in the enzyme, but substantially decreases its stability. Recombinant and endogenous GlTIM inactivates similarly, indicating that the recombinant protein resembles the natural enzyme. Disulfiram induces loss of trophozoites viability and inactivation of intracellular GlTIM at similar rates, suggesting that both processes may be related. It is plausible that the giardicidal effect of disulfiram involves the inactivation of more than a single enzyme, thus increasing its potential for repurposing it as an antigiardial drug.
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PMID:Disulfiram as a novel inactivator of Giardia lamblia triosephosphate isomerase with antigiardial potential. 2919 28