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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The larvae of the fly Lucilia cuprina excrete or secrete a chymotrypsia (LCTb) onto the skin of sheep to facilitate the establishment of the larval infestation. A combination of immunoblotting and RT-PCR approaches has established that this protease is also a gut digestive protease. LCTb is synthesized primarily in the cardia, a small highly specialized organ located at the anterior end of the midgut and by midgut cells. There is also some expression by the hindgut but no expression by salivary glands. Excretion of LCTb with waste products or regurgitation of the gut contents of the larvae may explain how this protease is transferred from the larval gut onto ovine skin. LCTb is first expressed in eggs and constitutively expressed throughout each larval instar, but is not expressed in pupae or adult flies. It is concluded that LCTb could be involved in the establishment of larvae on sheep skin as well as acting as a general gut digestive enzyme.
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PMID:The major excretory/secretory protease from Lucilia cuprina larvae is also a gut digestive protease. 887 7

Salivary gland necrosis has been described in dogs and is characterised by enlarged, hard, painful salivary glands, retching and vomiting or regurgitation. The cause has yet to be determined. A retrospective study of 19 dogs with the same clinical signs was undertaken for breed, age, gender, history and presenting signs, diagnostic evaluations and findings, treatment and outcome. An underlying association was identified in 16 of the 19 dogs. This included Spirocerca lupi infestation (seven dogs), megaoesophagus (three dogs) and oesophagitis, oesophageal diverticulum, giardiasis and suspected autoimmune sialadenitis. Almost all associated lesions involved the oesophagus. Where the associated disease was successfully treated, the salivary glands returned to normal and all clinical signs resolved. It is hypothesised that an afferent vagal reflex may be involved, and that the mechanism of disease is similar to the neural pathogenesis suggested for hypertrophic osteopathy; in this instance, the efferent targets are the salivary glands rather than the limbs.
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PMID:Salivary gland necrosis in dogs: a retrospective study of 19 cases. 955 79

Lyme borreliosis is one of the zoonotic and vectorial diseases in the world. Female of Taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus play an important role being the main vector of the agents, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, of the disease in the Far East including Japan. The number of patients who contacted Lyme borreliosis have been estimated to be around 100 cases in all of Japan. We also detected the spirochetes from the skin tissues of 27 cases involving erythema and 3 cases without erythema after tick bites in Hokkaido. We noticed that in those cases when the victims removed ticks by themselves using their fingers within several days later, almost all of them developed erythema. On the other hand, an infected tick from 8 cases which were removed by surgical procedure, the spirochetes were not transmitted in these cases (No. 31-38). Therefore, we supposed that the transmission of agents takes place by regurgitation of the spirochestes from the midgut diverticula due to the pressure by fingers (calling Syringe phenomenon). Then, the authors recommended that fine tweezers has a firm grip around the mouth part of infested tick and pull out within 24 hours and/or trials to surgical operation for tick removal on passing over 24 hours after infestation.
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PMID:[Prevention of Lyme borreliosis infection after tick bites]. 964 41

The intrinsic peritrophic matrix glycoprotein, peritrophin-95, from the midgut of larvae of Lucilia cuprina can only be solubilized from the matrix using strong denaturants. This suggests that the protein has a structural role in the matrix. Consistent with this is the finding that immuno-gold and immuno-fluorescence localizations of the protein showed a uniform distribution within the peritrophic matrix. RT-PCR demonstrated that expression of peritrophin-95 mRNA was restricted to the larval cardia, a small organ located in the anterior midgut from which the type 2 peritrophic matrix originates. Immuno-blots and ELISAs demonstrated that the sera from sheep infested naturally or artificially with these larvae recognised peritrophin-95. This indicates that peritrophin-95 stimulates the ovine immune system during larval infestation even though the protein is firmly attached to the peritrophic matrix in the larval midgut and seemingly "concealed" from the ovine immune surveillance system. Analyses of larval regurgitated or excreted material by immuno-blots, immuno-affinity purification and amino-terminal sequencing demonstrated the presence of soluble monomeric peritrophin-95. These results indicate that peritrophin-95, a candidate vaccine antigen for use in sheep is not a "concealed" antigen as previously thought. The presence of soluble peritrophin-95 in the regurgitated/excreted material from larvae suggests that this protein may be involved in a maturation phase of peritrophic matrix production, a by-product of which is the excretion or regurgitation of soluble peritrophin-95.
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PMID:The intrinsic peritrophic matrix protein peritrophin-95 from larvae of Lucilia cuprina is synthesised in the cardia and regurgitated or excreted as a highly immunogenic protein. 1064 66

Neurocysticercosis is an infestation of the central nervous system with the larval cysts of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), when a man is paratenic host of the parasite. The infection results from ingestion of food or water contaminated with human feces containing the parasitic eggs. Much rarely, the infection is caused by autoinoculation, when the mature parasites are present in the small intestines, and reversed peristalsis gives rise to regurgitation of gravid proglottides (internal auto-infestation), or by ingestion of the eggs from one's own feces (external auto-infestation). The embryos (oncospheres) develop from the eggs, penetrating the small intestine mucosa and entering the circulation and subsequently different tissues and organs where cysticerci, small tissue larvae, are developed. Cysticerci have specific affinity for the central nervous system, eyes and striated muscles what is accounted for high concentration of glucose or glycogen in these organs. Neurocysticercosis is the most frequent parasitic disease of the central nervous system and the most common cause of convulsions and hydrocephalus in the adults in endemic regions, where the seroprevalence of disease is about 4% of population. Neurocysticercosis is classified into six clinical syndromes: asymptomatic, parenchymal, subarachnoid, intraventricular, spinal and ocular forms. Albendazole (benzimidazole) of 15 mg/kg/BW during 8-28 days or praziquantel (pyrazolone quinoline) of 50-60 mg/kg/BW during 15 days (or 100 mg/kg/BW only one day) are applied for treatment of neurocysticercosis.
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PMID:[Neurocysticercosis--pathogenesis and clinical aspects]. 1697 16

52 captive falcons out of 3,988 (1.3 %) raptors microscopically examined for intestinal parasites in the Middle East proved infested with hairworms (capillariid parasites). 26 of these (50 %) showed concurrent parasitoses. In the group of 26 falcons diagnosed with capillariosis as sole infestation (50 %) compatible clinical signs such as anorexia, weight loss, weakness, dyspnoea, regurgitation of food and blood, diarrhoea and dark tarry faeces, were recorded. These birds were treated intramuscularly with ivermectin at doses of 2 mg/kg. In fecal samples examined 10-15 days later, the eggs of capillariid parasites had disappeared, in association with complete clinical recovery.
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PMID:Efficacy of ivermectin (Ivomec) against intestinal capulariosis in falcons. 1864 11

Echinococcus granulosus is a common infestation in sheep and cattle raising countries. Although it is typically encountered in liver and lung, rare cardiac involvement of this infestation has very important clinical complications such as heart failure, valve regurgitation, pericardial effusion-tamponade and arrhythmia. In addition, pericardial infestation is an extremely rare condition of Echinococcus granulosus. Here, we report a case of recurrent pericardial hydatid cyst presenting exertional dyspnea, palpitation and presyncope attacks in a 72-year-old man. The diagnosis of recurrent pericardial hydatid cyst was made by transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography and surgical history.
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PMID:Extremely rare cardiac involvement: recurrent pericardial hydatid cyst. 2233 75

The plant-disperser-fruit pest triads involve 3 interacting animals or groups (plants, vertebrates and seed parasites), and the dispersal of both seeds and seed parasites, which can both benefit from endozoochory via defecation or regurgitation by frugivorous vertebrates. However, we have very limited knowledge about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of these plant-disperser-fruit pest triads. Across central Northern China, several seed wasps (mainly Eurytoma plotnikov attack Pistacia chinensis fruits, and seed wasp larvae can develop, diapause and finally emerge as adults inside a seed during the following 1-3 years. In this study, we experimentally investigated whether frugivorous birds discriminated P. chinesis fruits with or without seed parasites, and whether bird endozoochory (by defecation or regurgitation) affected larval survival of seed parasites. The infestation rate by seed parasites was 37% of the P. chinesis fruit crop but with up to 48% of aborted fruits. We found that all 5 bird species can discriminate and then reject all unhealthy fruits (including aborted and insect-infested). However, 4 of the 5 bird species, in particular bulbul species, consumed 15-41% of aborted and insect-infested fruits as complementary food only when these unhealthy fruits were provided. Moreover, all larva of seed parasites remained alive after bird defecation or regurgitation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that endozoochory by frugivorous birds could lead to potential dispersal of seed parasites of P. chinensis but with a very low probability.
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PMID:Endozoochory of frugivorous birds as potential dispersal of seed parasites from Pistacia chinesis: experimental evidence. 3114 74