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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fleas are small, reddish-brown, wingless insects with a laterally compressed body and a pronounced third pair of legs adapted to leaping. Of the 100 species found in Middle Europe, hardly a dozen are of medical importance, they concern mainly people in contact with domestic animals. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, and the bird flea. Ceratophyllus gallinae, are the most important human-pathogenic species in our region. A flea bite shows first as a haemorrhagic punctum, accompanied by itching, and leads to an erythema with or without central wheal. After 12--24 hours a papule appears which persists up to 2 weeks. Linimentum zinci with 10% Neocid alleviates the itching and prevents further infestation. The fleas are destroyed in their hiding places and on their animal host by applying Toxical-, Neocid- or Noflo-powder. The tropical sand flea, Tunga penetrans, is a permanent ectoparasite of man. It is seen in people returning from the tropics. Fleas may, even in our region, be vectors of bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae and intestinal parasites.
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PMID:[Siphonaptera/fleas (author's transl)]. 49 45

In humans, infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis most commonly involves the upper small intestine. We describe a 65-yr-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia, and was found at colonoscopy to have patchy erythema with aphthoid ulcers scattered throughout the large intestine proximal to the splenic flexure. Biopsy of involved areas and examination of the colonic effluent revealed S. stercoralis larvae. Previous reports of colonic involvement with this nematode, and the differential diagnosis of aphthoid ulcers, a newly described lesion associated with S. stercoralis infestation, are discussed.
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PMID:Aphthoid ulceration of the colon in strongyloidiasis. 202 60

Although molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and infestation by crab lice do not carry the requirements of partner notification or other long-term consequences, they are among the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease. Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral infection of the skin epidermal layer, most often transmitted by intimate skin-to-skin contact. The lesions often resolve spontaneously over time, but patient discomfort or social reasons may require destructive removal of the lesions. Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The victims continually itch, especially at night, and often seek over-the-counter topical remedies before seeing a clinician. Once a correct diagnosis is made, successful resolution of this disease and its itching can be achieved. Head and pubic lice account for most of the more than three million cases of louse infestation treated in the United States each year. Symptoms of infestation generally include itching that leads to scratching, erythema, irritation, and inflammation. A careful diagnosis followed by disinfection, symptomatic treatment, and psychologic support should result in a complete cure with no long-term effects.
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PMID:The "nuisance" sexually transmitted diseases: molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and crab lice. 224 49

Chigger infestation is often associated with severe cutaneous reactions. Mice were given four infestations with the pest chigger Eutrombicula cinnabaris, and each exposure was separated by a 14-day mite-free period. Mean duration of engorgement was nine to ten days for a first exposure and four to five days for a fourth exposure. An initial exposure did not elicit macroscopic changes at chigger attachment sites, while all third and fourth exposure animals had marked reactions consisting of erythema, epidermal thickening and serous exudation. Approximately 20% of second exposure animals had macroscopic changes at chigger feeding sites, but these reactions were much less intense than the responses of third and fourth infestation hosts. Third and fourth exposure animals had infiltrates of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils at attachment sites, with eosinophil influx the most intense. Cutaneous reactivity to chigger feeding was adoptively transferred with lymphocytes from fourth exposure animals. Passive transfer of serum from fourth infestation donors resulted in heightened reactivity to a challenge infestation. Skin testing, after a fourth infestation, with an extract of whole E. cinnabaris larvae provided evidence for Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to chigger antigens. Chigger-reactive homocytotropic antibody was not detected by skin testing and active cutaneous anaphylaxis.
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PMID:Host immune responsiveness to the chigger, Eutrombicula cinnabaris. 325 Mar 42

Bulletins issued by both the United States Public Health Service and the Pan American Health Organization have noted a sharp increase in the incidence of public lice infestation (pediculosis pubis) in this country. At the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic we conducted a controlled, open study comparing the efficacy and safety of Kwell Shampoo (gamma benzene hexachloride; lindane) with RID, an over-the-counter, pyrethrin-based pediculicide. The results showed the two treatments to be equally effective and safe. All adult lice, nymphs, and nits were eradicated at the one week follow-up in fifteen patients treated with single applications of either product. Two patients in each group experienced very slight and transient erythema.
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PMID:Treatment of public lice infestation: a comparison of two agents. 616 20

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a figurate erythema that has been associated with man diverse entities. A case of EAC was related to infestation by the nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides. A careful examination of the patient did not define an immunologic basis for EAC. Results of lymphocyte stimulation tests of the patient showed an immune response to A lumbricoides extracts but not to A suum extracts. This finding is of practical importance, since most laboratoires use A suum extracts in routine skin and serologic tests for human ascariasis.
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PMID:Erythema annulare centrifugum associated with ascariasis. 729 51

Anisakidosis (previously known as anisakiasis) is a disease caused by the accidental ingestion of larval nematodes (Anisakis and sometimes Pseudoterranova) in raw fish. Two groups of patients are studied: 5 clinical cases and 20 serological diagnoses. 55 French cases are already published. Most of them complained of acute symptoms, which occurred within 12 h of eating the seafood meal--epigastric pain, occlusion, diffuse abdominal pain, and appendicitis. Larvae were attached to the gastric mucosa (25 cases), including an inflammatory response (erythema, oedema ulceration). Diagnosis of anisakiasis is made by gastroscopy which allows removal of the worms, and cures the patients. In gastro-intestinal tract X-rays, oedema in the mucosa, pseudo tumour formation, and filling defects (worm) were observed. In chronic infections, cases with intermittent feelings of ill health and abdominal pain, lasting from several weeks to months, were misdiagnosed as another intestinal disease. Positive serological reactions are helpful, and surgery is necessary for resection of the lesion; diagnosis is made histologically by an eosinophilic granuloma, and the presence of a larva with Y shaped lateral cords. Infestation rate is high in fishes: cod (88%), rock fish (86%), herring (88%), salmon, mackerel. Public health education should discourage the eating of raw fish. Thorough cooking to 70 degrees C or adequate freezing to -20 degrees C for 72 h are the best preventive measures. Such legislation is only in force in the Netherlands, where cases have decreased dramatically.
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PMID:Anisakidosis: report of 25 cases and review of the literature. 762 71

We have observed 9 male patients with a generalized rash following the topical use of an over-the-counter antiparasitic powder (MOM), containing ammoniated (11.2 g%) and metallic (4.2 g%) mercury, to treat phthiriasis (lice infestation). Primary and intensely erythemato-exudative lesions of the pubic region and genitals were associated with inverted erythema of the upper inner thighs and, in severe cases, involvement of the face, neck, trunk and major flexures. Eruptions included exanthematic, papulo-vesicular, purpuric and erythema-multiforme-like clinical pictures. 7 of the 9 cases presented with general malaise and pyrexia. A positive patch test reaction to ammoniated mercury was observed in all cases. There are probably 3 routes of powder exposure behind this type of rash: (i) direct skin contact; (ii) airborne skin contact; (iii) inhalation.
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PMID:Mercury exanthem. 784 74

B 19 parvovirus is a widespread virus with primary infestation generally occurring in childhood through family and community outbreaks. Its most typical manifestation is transient erythroblastopenia with aplastic crisis, often profound, mostly affecting patients with chronic hemolytic anemia, and eventually patients with defective erythropoiesis (chronic hypoplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia). In normal individuals the primary infestation is usually asymptomatic but may give transient hematological signs for few days: moderate reticulocytopenia, thrombopenia and neutropenia. Clinically two phases of the infection are described: 1.) a first phase of viremia of 2 to 3 days which may be accompanied by fever and myalgias; 2.) a second phase which may last for several weeks with dermatological signs, the most typical being erythema infectiosum, vasculitis, arthralgias or arthritis. In pregnant women, the primary infestation with B 19 parvovirus may lead to fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis with uneven outcomes: fetal death, chronic erythroblastopenia after birth, spontaneous resolution. Although the incidence of fetal infestation in non immunized pregnant women is still unknown, the question is raised of the recognition and protection of non immunized pregnant women at high risk of exposition to infested subjects. Long term persistence of the virus in the organism may be responsible for chronic manifestation, essentially but not exclusively in immunodeficient-patients: prolonged erythroblastopenia and chronic rheumatologic manifestations. It may be also responsible for cases of juvenile arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura and chronic neutropenia of childhood. The diagnosis of the viral infestation is mainly based upon the detection of specific IgM, then IgG, antibodies by Elisa technique.
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PMID:[Parvovirus B19 and pediatric pathology]. 795 39

Pediculosis is one of the most conspicuous and important type of contagious disease among school children. Lice infestation is always accompanied with different clinical manifestations. Thirty lousy school children were clinically examined. The common manifestation was pruritus with or without lymphadenopathy. The least common manifestation was erythema. Other manifestations as excoriation, bite reaction, impetigo contagiosa, crusts behind ears. Conjunctivitis and psoriasis were also seen. It was concluded that school children are the group at high risk for lice infestation.
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PMID:Some clinical features of pediculosis among school children. 816 33


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