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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infestation by the tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) is presented with bizarre symptoms that made an accurate diagnosis difficult. The physical characteristics, life cycle, habits, and epidemiology of the tropical rat mite are discussed, as are the rat and other hosts, the rash produced by the mite, differential diagnosis of the dermatitis, and the treatment of the dermatitis and control of the infestation.
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PMID:Rat mite dermatitis. 319 44

A study of the seasonality and infestation rates of ticks was carried out in 11 cattle herds in different ecological habitats in Zambia between 1980 and 1982. Wherever possible supplementary data were obtained from opportunistic collections from cattle and other hosts. Analysis of over 1000 tick collections from cattle indicated that infestation rates of the most important species, Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus vary in different ecological habitats: (i) In Western Province, infestations are much lower than elsewhere; (ii) in Central and Southern Provinces, moderate to high infestations occur; and (iii) in Eastern Province, R. appendiculatus numbers are generally low and A. variegatum numbers are moderate. These two species, however, have similar life cycles throughout their range with one generation per year. Larvae occur mainly from March to May, nymphae from May to September, and adults of A. variegatum from October to December and of R. appendiculatus from December to April. Boophilus decoloratus appears to have two to four generations per year but is uncommon during the rainy season. In some areas in central Zambia Rhipicephalus compositus adults are seasonally common in September-October whereas Rhipicephalus evertsi is more or less ubiquitous. Low to moderate infestations of Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma rufipes occur in most areas. At least 14 other less common or rare species of Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis and Ixodes were taken infrequently from cattle. These and other host-specific species were also collected from dogs, sheep, various wildlife hosts and the environment. Infestation rates, seasonality and host-relationships of tick species are discussed in relation to their ecology. Relevant biosystematic and disease relationships are reviewed briefly. The baseline data derived from this study are adequate for integrated analysis with those from other ecological and economic investigations to formulate tick control strategies.
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PMID:Ecology and phenology of ticks in Zambia: seasonal dynamics on cattle. 345 61

In a study conducted in the lowland areas of Tehamat Aseer and low mountainous areas of Al-Hepatah in the South Western Province of Saudi Arabia, different villages were screened for parasite infestation, anaemia prevalence and frequency of sickle cell (HbS) gene. The prevalence of alpha- and beta-thalassaemias and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency were also investigated. The prevalence of anaemia was found to range between 3.5% and 9.1% in the different villages, while parasite infestation ranged from 0 to 36.4%. Sickle cell gene frequency was similar in the different villages, ranging between 0.06% and 0.11%. G-6-PD deficiency ranged from 8% to 14%, alpha-thalassaemia from 20% to 30% and beta-thalassaemia from 10% to 15%. Parasite infestation was found to be a major cause of anaemia in these populations.
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PMID:Red cell genetic abnormalities and environmental interactions: a study in Tehamat Aseer. 356 Feb 99

In 1983 and 1984 the effect of a deworming scheme, in which horses were treated at turn out and 4 and 8 weeks later, on the egg output, larval differentiation, weight gain, herbage infestation and in 1984, the percentages of some serum proteins were tested. In 1983 the experiment was done with 42 mares, 54 two year old male horses and 42 male yearlings, kept in groups with permanent or rotational grazing. In 1984 only 90 male yearlings were investigated. In 1983 albendazole and ivermectin were used, 1984 ivermectin. The results of the faecal examinations showed that after ivermectin treatment the number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) remained zero or very low for a longer time. In 1983 an increase was seen during August. In 1984 the increase was observed at the end of August/beginning of September. Treatment with albendazole gave a less efficient suppression of egg output, resulting in a sharp EPG-increase at the end of July/beginning of August. After first treatment either with ivermectin or albendazole, no larvae of great Strongyles were seen. The results of the herbage infestation on the paddocks were according to the EPGs of the horses that grazed the paddocks some time earlier. Infestation was highest in late summer and autumn, lowest in early and mid summer. No significant differences in weight gain were observed between the groups. The percentage of beta 1 + 2-globulin was highest at turn out. After first treatment it decreased, but remained stable thereafter during the season, irrespective of the reinfection in autumn. Post-mortem results of four tracers in 1984 varied from ca. 275,000-2,000,000 small Strongyles. The conclusion was drawn that under the present conditions the system was not satisfactory to prevent a reasonable worm infestation in late summer/autumn. The following advice was given: treatment of horses at least 48 hours before turn out, deworming each four weeks up till July, treatment in September and in November (also against Gasterophilus).
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PMID:[Testing of a deworming scheme for horses]. 360 33

Infestation of sheep with the biting louse Damalinia ovis is a potentially serious problem which can effect the quality and quantity of wool produced and may reduce weight gains. In this trial treated sheep produced 34 per cent more wool than louse-infested controls and the wool from the treated sheep was of a better quality. The mean liveweight gain in the treated groups was 18 per cent more than that in the untreated group. Treatment with a pour-on formulation of propetamphos at 25 to 50 mg kg-1 gave more than 99 per cent control of lice and protected against reinfestation for four months.
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PMID:Propetamphos pour-on formulation for the control of lice on sheep: effect of lice on weight gain and wool production. 370 23

Of 1270 schoolchildren (651 girls and 619 boys) from 33 urban and rural primary schools in different regions of Kenya who were examined for head lice, 17.1% were infested (8% with living lice or nits, 9.1% with dead nits). The over-all difference between infestation rates in urban and rural schools was not significant, but there was considerable variation in the five different regions selected. Infestation was not sex-related. Infestation rates tended to be higher in older children and in children with longer hair. Negroid children had lower infestation rates than non-Negroid children. The criterion seems to be hair type. Prevalence of infestation was higher in private schools because non-Negroid children predominate in these schools. There was no correlation between infestation and the sharing of a towel or comb, but infestation tended to be higher in those who wash less, in those who share their bed, and in those who sleep with room-mates. Levels of infestation were low, with most harbouring only one or two lice.
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PMID:A study of head lice among primary schoolchildren in Kenya. 372 95

A survey about motion parasitosis has been carried out on one hundred Indians (Quechua ethnic group) living in a hamlet called Amarete located in the Bolivian Altiplano. This community is living in a place difficult to reach (11,100 feet) where many pre-Colombian traditions are still alive. All children were parasitized, 75% of them were carrier of 3 to 5 parasites. Infestation with ascaris (91%) is the most frequent and the risks of getting amebic dysentery (Entamoeba histolytica 41%) and balantidial (Balantidium coli 8%) are high. Many other parasites (8 kinds of protozoa , 5 kinds of helminths) can be observed; more especially, we noticed that 20% of the pupils used to be carrier operculated eggs. Tenia embryophores (more probably Taenia solium found in 2 children) made us aware of possibilities of cysticercosis. An other problem lays on general hygiene and hygiene of the water since feces danger is responsible of important parasitologic loads. Results are compared with a fecal study carried out on a population from the Altiplano region but living now in the plain. Amazonian Indian population in previous or recent contact with occidental civilization show the same variations of parasitologic repartition between Amarete hamlet and the transplanted population of Altiplano region. The role played by the acculturation could be discussed.
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PMID:[Intestinal parasitoses in children of an Indian community of Bolivian altiplano]. 373 67

The effects of Onchocerca volvulus infection on immunoglobulin levels have been studied in subjects from three localities with different onchocerciasis prevalence rates. Infestation by O. volvulus provoked a 200-500% rise in total serum IgE levels. Immunoglobulins G, M. and A were increased less dramatically. To study further the IgE response, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) systems were developed using total extract of O. volvulus and Onchocerca supernatant (excretory-secretory) antigens. Both antigen preparations reacted with more than 80% of the onchocerciasis sera from the hyperendemic village, but the reactions were not proportionate to skin microfilarial density. There were also positive reactions with sera of some individuals whose skin biopsies showed no microfilariae, indicating prior exposure to the parasite. European control sera tested under similar conditions reacted only slightly in the RAST system. The developed RAST systems may thus be used for determining prior exposure to O. volvulus.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulin E levels in onchocerciasis: the development of a radioallergosorbent test for Onchocerca volvulus infection. 400 65

We investigated 101 pregnant women, looking at haematologic values (blood-cell count, haematocrit...) on blood samples and searching for intestinal parasites on stool samples. We found that first-time pregnant young ladies frequently suffer from anemia, mainly during the second and third trimester of their pregnancy. Infestation with ankylostoma duodenale is one of the major causes. Therefore our advice to fellow-physicians is to look at these haematologic values and stool exams quite routinely for a better care of all pregnant women from our areas.
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PMID:[Hematologic disorders in pregnant women in a health center in Bangui]. 405 76

During the summer seasons of 1956 through 1970, 93 larval trombiculid mites were removed from 386 individuals who had been bitten by chiggers in Jumonji, Akita Prefecture. All 87 larvae that were available for examination were identified as Leptotrombidium akamushi. Infestation of man occurred predominantly during July and August, but the period extended from June to November. The duration of attachment was approximately 1 to 3 days. Usually only 1 chigger was found on a victim but on occasion as many as 7 were removed at one time. Scrub typhus developed in 45 (11.7%) of the 386 farmers bitten by chiggers. Although patients with scrub typhus may have sustained multiple bites, only one eschar was found. However, 76% of the patients did not recognize a bite either at the site where an eschar subsequently appeared or elsewhere prior to the onset of disease. If it is assumed that workers who did not subsequently become ill were equally unaware of chigger bites, then the probable incidence of disease in chigger victims was 3.1%. The minimum infectivity rate of L. akamushi larvae in Akita Prefecture was estimated to be 2.3%. Based upon the assumption that infection was transmitted as the result of a single bite, the infective rate of chiggers attacking man was calculated to be 2.5%.
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PMID:Transmission of Rickettsia orientalis to man by Leptotrombidium akamushi at a scrub typhus endemic area in Akita Prefecture, Japan. 445 Dec 38


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