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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of tinea capitis among 153 children who were selected by overt signs of scalp infestation from among 658 Black schoolchildren, was studied in two rural areas of the Transvaal. In both areas (Eastern and Northern Transvaal), Trichophyton violaceum was the predominant dermatophyte species which was isolated. Microsporum audouinii was isolated in both areas from a total of 4 children, but M. canis was the cause of only 1 infection, and that was in the Eastern Transvaal. Five infections caused by T. yaoundei, all of which occurred in the Northern Transvaal, were recorded. They are the first documented cases of endothrix scalp ringworm caused by this species in South Africa.
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PMID:Scalp ringworm among Black children in South Africa and the occurrence of Trichophyton yaoundei. 127 36

A total of 1842 school children were examined for the occurrence of common transmissible skin infections in a rural area in North-West Ethiopia. The result showed a prevalence rate of 49.2%. Tinea capitis, impetigo, infected wounds and verrucae vulgaris were common. In addition the overall prevalence rate of lice infestation was 55.4%. The findings indicated the need to develop appropriate intervention programmes both at school and community levels.
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PMID:Epidemiology of common transmissible skin diseases among primary school children in north-west Ethiopia. 175 Jan 5

This paper focuses on four important hair diseases mainly occurring in children. Trichotillomania is the most relevant differential diagnosis of alopecia areata in childhood. Meticulous inspection and lack of telogen hairs in the trichogram from the margin of the lesion usually are sufficient for differentiation. The trichogram also plays a significant role for the diagnosis of the loose anagen hair (loose anagen syndrome), a fairly new, but not rare entity, especially in distinguishing it from telogen effluvium. Five different types of clinical presentation are distinguished in tinea capitis. For the necessary systemic therapy; the new antimycotics terbinafine and itraconazole represent good alternatives to the well-tried griseofulvin. Several effective therapeutic options are also available for head lice, the most frequent parasitary infestation of school age. However, because of its neurotoxicity and the increasing problem of lice resistance lindane should not be used any longer for the treatment of head lice.
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PMID:[Hair diseases in childhood]. 1209 Jan 18

Dandruff (also called Pityriasis capitis) is a seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. It has been correlated with the pathological colonization of the scalp with yeast from the genus Malassezia; this illness has a worldwide distribution and represents 25% of all scalp dermatosis cases. It has been demonstrated that the extract obtained from leaves of the plant Solanum chrysotrichum possesses biological activity against dermatophytes and yeast. Different steroidal saponins with antimycotic activity have been isolated from the active extract. Clinical trials with standardized extracts prepared with this vegetal species report high rates of clinical and mycological effectiveness in the treatment of Tinea pedis,without producing secondary effects. The aim of this randomized, double blind and controlled clinical study, was to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of a shampoo containing a standardized extract of S. chrysotrichum (applied every third day, for 4 weeks), against 2% ketoconazole in the topical treatment of Pityriasis capitis. From a total of 120 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Pityriasis capitis, 14 subjects were eliminated because the presence of Malassezia was not proved, an-other two patients withdrew from the study due to non-medical causes and one more withdrew because Tinea capitis was diagnosed. Therefore, the final analysis included 51 subjects in the experimental group and 52 in the control; in 45.6% of the cases M. furfur was identified as the pathogenic agent, in 44.66% M. globosa was isolated, and 9.71 % of the patients had a mixed infestation. At the end of the treatment period, the prepared phytopharmaceutical with the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum achieved a clinical effectiveness (total absence of signs and symptoms produced by Pityriasis capitis) of 92.16%;the mycological effectiveness (absence of Malassezia spp. in the direct examination and culture) was 68.63 %; whilst the tolerability (absence of side effects that prompt subjects to abandon the treatment) was 100%. The therapeutic success (clinical and mycological effectiveness plus tolerability) was 64.71%. The comparison of these results with that obtained from the group treated with 2% ketoconazole, showed no significant differences (Z2, p >0.23). These results show the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum on the local treatment of Pityriasis capitis associated with the yeast of the genus Malassezia.
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PMID:Clinical and mycological evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of Solanum chrysotrichum standardized extract on patients with Pityriasis capitis (dandruff). A double blind and randomized clinical trial controlled with ketoconazole. 1524 87

Scalp skin is unique on the body due to the density of hair follicles and high rate of sebum production. These features make it susceptible to superficial mycotic conditions (dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and tinea capitis), parasitic infestation (pediculosis capitis), and inflammatory conditions (psoriasis). Because these scalp conditions share similar clinical manifestations of scaling, inflammation, hair loss, and pruritus, differential diagnosis is critically important. Diagnostic techniques and effective treatment strategies for each of the above conditions will be discussed.
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PMID:Clinical diagnosis of common scalp disorders. 1638 61

The scalp is unique among skin areas in humans, with high follicular density and a high rate of sebum production. The relatively dark and warm environment on the scalp surface provides a welcoming environment for the superficial mycotic infections associated with many scalp conditions and for parasitic infestation. Infections and infestations can occur when items such as fingers, combs, hats, or styling implements come into contact with the hair and scalp and introduce microorganisms. Inflammatory conditions may also produce changes in the scalp. Many common scalp conditions have similar symptoms and clinical features, complicating diagnosis, but a correct diagnosis is critical to determining proper treatment. This paper describes the symptoms, etiology, and treatment strategies for a number of common scalp conditions, including dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea capitis, pediculosis capitis, and psoriasis.
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PMID:A practical guide to scalp disorders. 1800 90