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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of fly infestation in the transmission of disease and in the loss of production through "fly worry" to meat and milk producing animals is reviewed. As well as being confirmed disseminators of certain enteric diseases of man, eg, cholera, salmonellosis and colienteritis, flies have also been implicated in the transmission of mastitis and certain ophthalmic infections, principally keratoconjunctivitis in cattle. "Fly worry, particularly from biting flies such as Stomoxys calcitrans and Haematobia irritans, has been shown to have an adverse effect on meat and milk production since fly control greatly increases yields.
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PMID:The epidemiological and economic importance of fly infestation of meat and milk producing animals in Europe. 55 24

In order to study the incidence of Salmonella in animals and to determine their role in the epidemiology of human salmonellosis in Algeria, a search for Salmonella was carried out in 1 795 animals of various zoological groups and species. The samples examined were either intestinal or vesicular or from the viscera or mesenteric ganglions. 118 animals were found to be Salmonella carriers. The rate of infestation varied from one species to another. Several different serotypes varying from one zoological group to another and from one species to another were isolated. Although some of the Salmonella serotypes isolated have been found in man, the rate of infested animals suggests that animals play a limited role in the etiology of salmonellosis in Algeria.
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PMID:[Survey of Salmonella in animals]. 55 87

Differing patterns of morbidity are demonstrated in a group of 181 foreign patients (from Turkey, Jugoslavia, Portugal, Italy, Spain) compared to an age matched group of native Germans hospitalized during a given time in the meidcal department of a regional urban hospital. In non-Germans peptic ulcers and severe infections more often lead to hospitalization than native patients. The expected statistical frequency of hospitalization is not different in the two groups investigated. Epidemiologic differences between the two populations are demonstrated by a higher percentage of tuberculosis and work accidents in the foreign group. At present there are no special obstetric problems leading to differing maternal or neonatal mortality. Concomitant imported infections do lead to complications in single cases in the foreign patient group. Parasitic infestation is more often found in the foreign group. Herditary diseases such as minor thalassemia or G-6-PD deficiency are rare as well in foreign patients. Chain infections due to imported poliomyelitis wild virus or salmonellosis have been observed in the foreign population. Epidemiologic progress may be highlighted by the decreasing percentage of hepatitis A and B antibody-positive-population in the central European countries.
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PMID:[Morbidity patterns in a non-German population (migrant workers) (author's transl)]. 64 57

In the summer and early autumn of 1974, flies were trapped in the Beirut districts of Ashraffiyah, Burj, Burj-Hammoud, Quarantine, the New Slaughter House, Ras Beirut, American University Campus, and the suburbs of Chiyah and Mreyjieh. Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Calliphora vicina, Phormia regina, Phaenicia sericata, Sarcophagidae spp. and Fannia canicularis were identified. The rural areas of Mreyjieh and Chiyah had higher densities of Musca domestica while higher densities of Calliphoridae spp. were found in the Slaughter House, Quarantine and Burj-Hammoud districts. Twenty-nine isolates, ten of Shigella spp. and 19 of Salmonella spp. were obtained from the bacteriological studies of 72 batches of Muscidae spp. and 84 Calliphoridae spp. These results indicate the hyperendemicity of salmonellosis and shigellosis in the areas under study, due to the prevalent poor sanity conditions and high fly infestation. It is suggested that in countries where valid health statistics are not available, bacteriological studies of flies may provide essential epidemiological information.
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PMID:The role of non-biting flies in the transmission of enteric pathogens (Salmonella species and Shigella species) in Beirut, Lebanon. 67 45

A presumptive diagnosis of buttercup toxicosis with photosensitization secondary to hepatotoxicity was made in an 18-mo-old Charolais heifer. The differential diagnosis included salmonellosis, aflatoxicosis, bovine virus diarrhea, internal parasite infestation, and plant toxicosis with either primary or secondary photosensitization. All these possibilities were excluded except buttercup toxicosis with photosensitization secondary to hepatotoxicity. While this diagnosis was not absolutely confirmed, it was the most likely cause of the disease and raised the intriguing possibility that protoanemonin, buttercup's toxic principle, is hepatotoxic.
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PMID:Suspected buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus) toxicosis with secondary photosensitization in a Charolais heifer. 160 96

Of several hundreds of millions of people infested with schistosomiasis, only a few hundreds have, so far, been documented to have one or other of the three schistosoma-associated immune-mediated glomerulopathies, namely proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal and segmental sclerosis, and amyloidosis. Regardless of undoubted under-reporting, some factors must be involved in the selection of those who develop such glomerulopathies. On the basis of experimental and clinical evidence, this review highlights the importance of parasitic species, associated salmonellosis, genetic predisposition and impaired hepatic macrophage activity. It also discusses the potential pathogenic role of the prevailing parasite 'strains', intensity of infestation, associated infections with hepatitis B, and common urinary pathogens and impairment of hepatocellular function. Selection ultimately seems to be multifactorial, but there is evidence that inefficiency of the hepatic macrophage system plays a key role by allowing both schistosomal antigens and IgA polymers to escape hepatic clearance and/or modulation.
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PMID:Schistosomal glomerulopathy: selection factors. 312 49

Certain enteric ailments are particularly common among homosexual men. They are primarily infectious diseases and include not only such common venereal diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis but also infections not usually regarded as being sexually transmitted. Among the latter are shigellosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, and amebiasis. Patients' symptoms are non-specific and seldom helpful in diagnosing particular diseases. The practitioner must be prepared to identify a number of infections with similar presentations that may occur singly or together in gay men. Gonorrhea is probably the most common bacterial infection in gay men. Carriage rates as high as 50% have been reported, and extra-genital carriage is common; this necessitates culturing the urethra, rectum, and pharynx. Procaine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients; spectinomycin is probably the drug of choice in penicillin-sensitive patients. In contrast to other venereal diseases, syphilis may have a characteristic protoscopic presentation. Benzathine penicillin G is the treatment of choice for most patients. Lymphogranuloma venereum causes penile lesions and inguinal lymphadenitis in heterosexual men, whereas homosexual men are more prone to proctitis. The disease may mimic Crohn's disease. Recommended treatment includes tetracycline or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Shigellosis usually presents as an acute diarrheal illness. Patients generally require only supportive treatment with fluids. Herpes simplex viral infection is difficult to diagnose and has several different presentations, including lumbosacral radiculomyelopathy. Symptomatic treatment with sitz baths, anesthetic ointment, and analgesics is recommended. Venereal warts are believed to be caused by the same virus that causes verrucous warts; they are usually found in the anal canal or around the anal orifice. They are commonly treated with 25% podophyllin solution. Parasitic infections include giardiasis, amebiasis, and pinworm infections. Metronidazole may be used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis and amebiasis, but it is not approved for the former indication; quinacrine is approved for giardiasis. Pinworm infestation may be treated with pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole. Cure of enteric diseases in homosexual men must be documented.
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PMID:Enteric diseases of homosexual men. 676 90

The authors report the observation of an entamoeba polecki infestation in a French woman in professional contact with pigs. Symptoms do not appear to be attributable to the amoeba-infestation but to an associated salmonellosis. The morphology and the pathogenicity of Entamoeba polecki are discussed.
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PMID:[Entamoeba polecki infestation in man. Review of the literature apropos of 2 case in Brest]. 746 Jan 32

Previous work has given evidence of the frequency of Salmonella carriage by healthy dairy cows, the increased excretion of Salmonella by talent carriers at the calving time, and the frequency of clinical salmonellosis during that period. From this the authors evaluated the relevance of 3 risks factors supposed to play a role in the triggering clinical salmonellosis, namely: metabolic and hepatic parameters; Fasciola hepatica infestation; and bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) infection. The prevalence of F hepatica and BVD, identical in infected and control herds, suggested that flukes and BVD did not play a significant role in the development of salmonellosis in the conditions of the present work. Although the mean values of metabolic and hepatic parameters were not different between healthy animals within infected herds and controls, the sequential monitoring performed in 2 reference herds gave evidence of important modifications at the calving time and during the early stages of milk production. If not formally demonstrated in this study, it is suggested that metabolic and hepatic changes observed during the peripartum, could result in a disruption of the intestinal ecosystem (pH, volatile fatty acids, NH3, peristalsis) and in the emergence of a Salmonella population. The excretion of considerable amounts of Salmonella by the first sick animals allows it to spread to the others, especially those with impaired hepatic functions.
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PMID:Evaluation of some risks factors in bovine salmonellosis. 803 82

From 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in Lebanon was conducted. This surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. The history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. Culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and culture techniques were used to diagnose Mycoplasma infections. The outbreaks of diseases detected in broiler breeder flocks and the number of such flocks experiencing these diseases were as follows: femoral head necrosis (6), egg-drop syndrome (3), reovirus-associated malabsorption syndrome (3), synovitis (Mycoplasma synoviae infection) (7), swollen head syndrome (SHS) (3), tenosynovitis (viral arthritis) (1), lymphoid leukosis (3), avian encephalomyelitis (1), fowl pox (1) and aortic rupture (1). The disease outbreaks detected in layer breeders were as follows: SHS (2), bumble foot (2), egg-drop syndrome (3) and avian infectious bronchitis (IB) (1). The disease outbreaks detected in commercial layer flocks were as follows: egg-drop syndrome (5), avian infectious laryngotracheitis (2), avian IB (nephrogenic strain) (1), malabsorption (1), avian tuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium) (1), Marek's disease (1), fowl pox (1), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Enteritidis infection (1), salpingitis (1) and Heterakis gallinae infestation (1). The disease outbreaks detected in broiler flocks were as follows: colibacillosis (40), infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) (15), malabsorption syndrome (8), avian infectious laryngotracheitis (8), paratyphoids (salmonellosis) (7), femoral head necrosis (8), SHS (6), avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection) (6), synovitis (7), avian IB (6), botulism (1), avian encephalomyelitis (1) and gangrenous dermatitis (1). Diseases which occurred and which were reported for the first time in Lebanon were as follows: bumble foot, femoral head necrosis, avian IB (nephrogenic strain), malabsorption syndrome and SHS. This surveillance helped to establish baseline data concerning the predominant poultry diseases in Lebanon. Such information is a prerequisite for future regional and international collaboration to identify the source of the aetiological agents and to control their spread to neighbouring countries.
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PMID:National surveillance of poultry diseases in Lebanon. 956 2


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