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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide shampoo was compared with a similarly formulated lotion for their pediculicidal and ovicidal effects against head lice. Forty children with active Pediculus humanus capitis infestation were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a single treatment with either the shampoo or the lotion. An average of ten nits were taken from each patient both before and after treatment. These eggs were incubated for 14 days, the resulting lice counted, and their conditions noted. Lice recovered from the rinse water after treatment were also counted and observed. Although both products proved to be effective in killing lice, the shampoo had greater ovicidal efficacy, 50% versus 25% for the lotion, after adjustment for natural mortality of the ova.
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PMID:Comparison of pediculicidal and ovicidal effects of two pyrethrin-piperonyl-butoxide agents. 360 18

Infestation of sheep with the biting louse Damalinia ovis is a potentially serious problem which can effect the quality and quantity of wool produced and may reduce weight gains. In this trial treated sheep produced 34 per cent more wool than louse-infested controls and the wool from the treated sheep was of a better quality. The mean liveweight gain in the treated groups was 18 per cent more than that in the untreated group. Treatment with a pour-on formulation of propetamphos at 25 to 50 mg kg-1 gave more than 99 per cent control of lice and protected against reinfestation for four months.
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PMID:Propetamphos pour-on formulation for the control of lice on sheep: effect of lice on weight gain and wool production. 370 23

Of 1270 schoolchildren (651 girls and 619 boys) from 33 urban and rural primary schools in different regions of Kenya who were examined for head lice, 17.1% were infested (8% with living lice or nits, 9.1% with dead nits). The over-all difference between infestation rates in urban and rural schools was not significant, but there was considerable variation in the five different regions selected. Infestation was not sex-related. Infestation rates tended to be higher in older children and in children with longer hair. Negroid children had lower infestation rates than non-Negroid children. The criterion seems to be hair type. Prevalence of infestation was higher in private schools because non-Negroid children predominate in these schools. There was no correlation between infestation and the sharing of a towel or comb, but infestation tended to be higher in those who wash less, in those who share their bed, and in those who sleep with room-mates. Levels of infestation were low, with most harbouring only one or two lice.
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PMID:A study of head lice among primary schoolchildren in Kenya. 372 95

An investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs presented to four veterinary clinics in Benin, Sapele and Auchi in Bendel State of Nigeria during the period January 1983 to December 1983 is presented. Of a total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks, 226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. The species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.5%), Otobius megnini (10.48%), Ctenocephalides canis (25.85%), Demodex canis (13.29%). Common clinical symptoms evinced in this species include scratching, licking, irritation, restlessness, alopecia, otitis externa and dermatitis. Some aspects of epidemiology of canine ectoparasitic infestation are discussed.
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PMID:Ectoparasitic infestation of dogs in Bendel State, Nigeria. 383 17

The indices of infestation by the mites Echinolaelaps echidninus and Laelaps nuttalli, the louse Popyplax spinulosa and the flea Xenopsylla cheopis, obtained monthly, from June 1980 to September 1982, on Rattus norvegicus norvegicus in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil were related to seasonal period, sex of the host and area of capture. Mites and insects showed different behaviour in relation to these factors. Only the fleas and lice exhibit significant association between the rodents' infestation and the seasonal period, or between the infestation and the rodents' sex or else a variation of the distribution by the three main areas of capture. The fleas showed the highest indices of infestation in the warm-rainy season (October to March) while the infestation by the lice was more prevalent in the dry-cool season. The climatic factors most related with the hosts' infestation were, in decreasing order, rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Fleas and lice preferentially infested male rodents, being infestation by X. cheopis highly significant.
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PMID:[Ectoparasites of rodents of the urban region of Belo Horizonte, MG. II. Variations of the infestation indices in Rattus norvegicus norvegicus]. 383 29

The eradication of lice from Merino sheep with wool up to 65 mm long was achieved by spraying insecticide onto the tip of wool over the sides and back. The insecticides used were cyhalothrin and diazinon in small volumes and at high concentration. When infested sheep were sprayed with 100 ml of cyhalothrin 1,500 ppm or diazinon 36,000 ppm, no live lice were seen 23 days after treatment. When treated sheep were challenged with live lice 100 days after treatment an infestation did not establish. Cyhalothrin at a lower concentration of 1,000 ppm gave excellent control but at 500 ppm only fair control was obtained. Diazinon at 24,000 ppm gave probable eradication and at 12,000 ppm excellent control. If a practical method of applying the insecticide to the tip of wool can be developed, then this technique should provide an effective means of eradicating lice in sheep with long wool. This would greatly assist the sheep industry in controlling and eradicating sheep lice.
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PMID:The eradication of Damalinia ovis by spraying insecticide onto the tip of the wool. 400 50

The prevalence of head louse Pediculus capitis Deg. among inhabitants of the Niger Delta was investigated. 5.7% of 7,360 subjects harboured head lice. The infestation was highest among the 6-13 year age group (13.5%) and decreased progressively with increase in age of the subjects. Overall, more female subjects than male subjects harboured lice. The present study establishes the need for anti-louse campaign in the study area to reduce human sufferings caused by head louse particularly among children of primary and post-primary school age.
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PMID:Prevalence of head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation among inhabitants of the Niger Delta. 408 45

Amitraz has been shown to be successful in controlling mange and lice infestations on pigs which had failed to respond to diazinon and gamma-BHC, respectively, and by the use of a prophylactic programme to maintain pig herds mange free. In addition, trials have indicated the elimination of psoroptic mange from sheep by applying the compound to the animal using either conventional or less conventional methods of treatment. Mixed infections of Chorioptes spp., Psoroptes spp. and Sarcoptes spp., in cattle have also been controlled using spray applications of amitraz, where in some cases organochlorine, organophosphorus and organotin compounds had failed. In a pilot study a heavy infestation of chorioptic mange was controlled on a calf using a pour-on formulation of amitraz.
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PMID:Amitraz in the control of non-ixodide ectoparasites of livestock. 408 50

Bulletins issued by both the United States Public Health Service and the Pan American Health Organization have noted a sharp increase in the incidence of public lice infestation (pediculosis pubis) in this country. At the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic we conducted a controlled, open study comparing the efficacy and safety of Kwell Shampoo (gamma benzene hexachloride; lindane) with RID, an over-the-counter, pyrethrin-based pediculicide. The results showed the two treatments to be equally effective and safe. All adult lice, nymphs, and nits were eradicated at the one week follow-up in fifteen patients treated with single applications of either product. Two patients in each group experienced very slight and transient erythema.
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PMID:Treatment of public lice infestation: a comparison of two agents. 616 20

Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an uncommon cause of blepharitis and conjunctivitis and may easily be overlooked. A high index of suspicion and careful examination of the patient's lid margins and eyelashes will lead to the proper diagnosis. Treatment is best accomplished by careful removal of the lice and nits (louse eggs) from the patient's lashes. Local application of a pediculocide such as yellow mercuric oxide N.F. 1% ophthalmic ointment applied twice daily for one week or 0.25% physostigmine (Eserine) ointment applied twice daily for a minimum of ten days, to the lid margins should be considered when the total removal of Phthirus pubis and nits is not possible mechanically. Body hair should be examined for infestation with lice and treated with gamma benzene hexachloride shampoo. This medication should be used with caution in infants, children and pregnant women. Family members, sexual contacts, and close companions should be examined and treated appropriately; clothing, linen and personal items should be disinfected with heat of 50 degrees C for 30 minutes.
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PMID:Diagnosing and treating Phthirus pubis palpebrarum. 617 36


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