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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and one subjects with head louse infestation were entered into two separate studies, in which a phenothrin aqueous/alcoholic lotion was compared to a carbaryl lotion and a malathion lotion. Fifty subjects were treated with a single application of the phenothrin lotion, 28 with the carbaryl lotion and 23 with the malathion lotion. In the comparative study of the phenothrin and malathion lotions an inspection on the day following treatment showed no live lice remained, but that six of the subjects treated with malathion lotion still had evidence of viable eggs (p less than 0.05). In one subject viable eggs were still evident at two weeks post-treatment. There were no cases, however, of live lice or viable eggs at four weeks post-treatment. Mild cutaneous side-effects were reported in five subjects, the incidence of which was not significantly different by treatment group. One subject in the phenothrin and carbaryl lotion comparative study had evidence of live lice at one week post-treatment with phenothrin lotion. This subject received no further treatment and was clear of both live lice and viable eggs at subsequent visits. A separate case of live lice infestation was found at two weeks post-treatment in a subject treated with phenothrin lotion and at four weeks post-treatment in two subjects treated with carbaryl lotion. As these subjects were free of live lice infestation at previous follow-up visits it was highly probable that these were cases of re-infestation from another source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phenothrin lotion, the latest recruit in the battle against headlice: the results of two controlled comparative studies. 190 13

A total of 174 small mammalian hosts were trapped in Ekpoma, Bendel State, Nigeria from October, 1986 to September, 1987 and examined for ectoparasites. 108 infested hosts had 10 species of ectoparasites comprising three species of mites (Laelaps (Echinolaelaps) muricola, Laelaps (E.) gigantea and Laelaps (E.) echidninus); two species of ticks (Amblyomma variegatum and Ixodes sp.); two species of fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis and X. braziliensis); and on especies each of sucking lice (Polyplax spinulosa) and subcutaneous larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga. Rise in seasonal rainfall positively influenced the incidence of C. anthropophaga and adult fleas, but decrease reduced the incidence of ticks, mites and lice. The incidence of parasitic infestation was influenced by age of host, but not by the sex. Ectoparasite distribution was uneven on their hosts.
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PMID:Distribution and incidence of ectoparasites on small mammals in a rainforest belt of southern Nigeria. 192 98

Seasonal variations in a population of an amblyceran louse, Menacanthus eurysternus, infesting the common myna have been studied. Incidence of infestation, lice, index, and population structure of this species have been recorded in different months of the year; reasons for the population fluctuations are discussed.
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PMID:Seasonal changes in a population of Menacanthus eurysternus (Mallophaga, Amblycera) on the common myna Acridotheres tristis. 207 32

670 children of infant-schools and 109 children of schools were examined for head-lice. Also the existence of nits was valued. The identified infestation of 9.9% is to stimulate examinations in other districts of GDR and measures to form the search and the control of these ectoparasites with more effects.
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PMID:[Head lice infestation in the Cottbus district]. 208 45

A year-long survey was made of commercial dairy herds in New York for cattle lice (Anoplura and Mallophaga). All herds were infested with lice. The cattle bitting louse, Bovicola bovis (L.), accounted for about 90% of the observed infestations; infestations of mature animals were most common during the winter months, especially March (26% infested); and infestation rates of calves were high (30-45%) from January through June. Cows that were housed in stanchion barns were about twice as likely to be infested (24.7%) as were those in free stalls (11.1%). Calves housed in individual outdoor hutches had substantially lower infestation rates (4.5%) than calves maintained inside barns in collective stalls and pens (46.0%).
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PMID:Cattle lice (Anoplura, Mallophaga) in New York: seasonal population changes, effects of housing type on infestations of calves, and sampling efficiency. 221 38

Of 3,079 children in a medium-sized community near Jerusalem, 11.2% were found to be infested with living lice and eggs and another 23.4% had only nits. Boys and girls were equally infested. The incidence of infestation was highest among children 4-11 years of age. About 78% of the infested children had from one to ten lice. Approximately 80% of the infested children had nits that were 2-5 cm away from the scalp. Boys with medium length hair and girls with short hair showed the highest incidence of lice infestation. Children with brown and red hair were more infested than those with black and blond hair. Boys and girls with straight and wavy hair were more infested than those with curly and frizzy hair.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies on head lice infestation in Israel. I. Parasitological examination of children. 222 80

Although molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and infestation by crab lice do not carry the requirements of partner notification or other long-term consequences, they are among the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease. Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral infection of the skin epidermal layer, most often transmitted by intimate skin-to-skin contact. The lesions often resolve spontaneously over time, but patient discomfort or social reasons may require destructive removal of the lesions. Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The victims continually itch, especially at night, and often seek over-the-counter topical remedies before seeing a clinician. Once a correct diagnosis is made, successful resolution of this disease and its itching can be achieved. Head and pubic lice account for most of the more than three million cases of louse infestation treated in the United States each year. Symptoms of infestation generally include itching that leads to scratching, erythema, irritation, and inflammation. A careful diagnosis followed by disinfection, symptomatic treatment, and psychologic support should result in a complete cure with no long-term effects.
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PMID:The "nuisance" sexually transmitted diseases: molluscum contagiosum, scabies, and crab lice. 224 49

Mice with restricted grooming capabilities were infested with the solenophagous louse, Polyplax serrata (Burmeister). Louse burdens on Cox/Swiss and C3H/HeSN mice increased for approximately 1 mo, reaching burden/host weight ratios of 1.14 and 1.26 mg/g, respectively, followed by a steady decline. Fifty days after initial ectoparasite contact, both strains were resistant to lice. Resistance was anamnestic, lasting several months with second infestation weights reduced by 98 and 78% on Cox/Swiss and C3H/HeSN, respectively. Furthermore, mice were systemically resistant because infestations on naive body sites of resistant hosts were reduced by 59%. Host resistance was associated with the development of antilouse immune responses. After the first week of a primary infestation, the draining lymph nodes contained cells that proliferated in vitro to louse antigens. Skin responses to louse antigens were also detected: (1) delayed, (2) immediate and delayed, and (3) no significant reactivity on days 19, 34, and 54, respectively. The presence of systemic antilouse responses provided an immunologic basis for immunization against lice. Intradermal injections of soluble louse components reduced primary infestation weights by 62%. Immunized mice had immediate and delayed skin responses containing an inflammatory infiltrate 1 wk following immunization. This study, using the natural host of P. serrata, demonstrates an inducible, anamnestic immune component in louse resistance.
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PMID:Murine immune responses and immunization against Polyplax serrata (Anoplura: Polyplacidae). 228 Mar 82

The application of polymer matrix ear tags impregnated with 8.5% w/w cypermethrin to 6 wethers following shearing reduced lice to non-detectable levels on 4 of them at 29 weeks after tagging. At the conclusion of the study at 45 weeks the mean count of lice on tagged wethers was 3 per sheep compared to 158 on untreated wethers. In a second experiment, 6 non-infected sheep were treated at shearing with cypermethrin tags, 6 with 25 g/l cypermethrin backline formulation, 6 with tags plus backline and 6 were left untreated. Each group was exposed to 6 sheep with moderate to heavy infestations of lice. Compared to controls, all treatments delayed infestation, but cypermethrin tags gave no longer protection than backline treatment. All sheep were infested by 17 weeks after commencement of the study. At 45 weeks mean counts of lice were 38, 27, 20 and 74 respectively for sheep treated with tags, backline formulation, backline plus tags and untreated. Possible reasons for the better effect observed from applying tags to infested sheep than to sheep which were not infected at application but which were subsequently exposed to infested sheep are discussed.
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PMID:Evaluation of ear tags impregnated with cypermethrin for the control of sheep body lice (Damalinia ovis). 237 21

A survey of body lice in three different altitudinal zones of Ethiopia was conducted. The survey population consisted of primary school children of both sexes ranging in age from 6-25 years. The areas of study were Gambela, Kemise and Debre-Berhan. Only 33.2% of the school children were found to be free from infestation and the rest, 66.8%, harboured body lice ranging in number of 1 to 598. The prevalence in Debre-Berhan (76.2%) was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in Gambela (61.4%) and Kemise (62.6%). Similarly the density of lice was higher (P less than 0.001) among Debre-Berhan than among Gambela or Kemise school children. Infestation was commoner among the 11-15 and 16-20 year than the 6-10 and 21-25 year ago groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of lice between the sexes but a higher density was observed among males. The importance of having prior knowledge of the prevalence and abundance of body lice in different areas has been discussed in relation to possible outbreaks of louse-borne diseases.
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PMID:Prevalence of body lice in elementary school students in three Ethiopian towns at different altitudes. 259 8


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