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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myocarditis and neurological disorders are the most serious complication of human infestation by Trichinella spiralis. On occasion, the unawareness of clinical manifestations, the form of presentation and the association of uncustomary neurological symptoms impedes the diagnosis of trichinosis. We report a case of trichinosis with peripheral facial diplegia, meningeal disorder and EKG alteration, with no prior intestinal symptomology. Treatment with thiabendazole and steroids resulted in a very favorable clinical evolution.
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PMID:Bilateral facial paralysis secondary to trichinosis. 322 5

A 19-year-old male was admitted to our department because of high fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Electrocardiogram (ECG) on admission revealed diffuse ST-T changes which persisted for 5 days. Stool culture grew Shigella sonnei. We conclude that the infection with Shigella sonnei was the cause for these findings which were most probably due to myocarditis. To the best of our knowledge myocarditis as a complication of shigella infestation has never been reported.
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PMID:Shigella sonnei myocarditis. 330 Nov 21

Between 1978 and 1981, 20 platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) which had been held in exhibits for varying periods, were submitted for necropsy. The most common gross and histologic lesions were adrenal enlargement, pulmonary pathology consistent with shock or aspiration pneumonia, intestinal coccidiosis, the presence of trypanosomes, myocarditis and nephritis. Other conditions encountered included infestation with ticks (Ixodes ornithorhynchi), a mild infection of intestinal trematodes (Mehlisia ornithorhynchi), myocardial toxoplasmosis, and focal hepatic necrosis. Adrenal weights, both absolue and relative to body weight, were determined in 12 specimens, and used as parameters of each animal's response to the stress associated with captivity. The results showed that, in platypus held in captivity from about 1 day up to 6 mo, both parameters were higher than in animals which were examined within a few hr of capture. In view of the general lack of conclusive necropsy findings, it was considered that these results indicated that stress may have been a significant underlying factor in the death of these animals in captivity.
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PMID:Pathology in captive platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Victoria, Australia. 688 33

A specific treatment for Chagas' disease has not yet been discovered, even though the condition is endemic in large parts of the Region of the Americas. Earlier studies have addressed the possibility that the sulfatide galactocerebroside in Trypanosoma cruzi behaves as an immunogen involved in the production of the high antisulfatide antibody levels found in patients with chronic infestation with the parasite. This may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the cardiac symptoms and peripheral neuropathy seen in Chagas' disease, which is the most important cause of myocarditis in Central and South America and the second most important cause of heart failure in several of the countries located in these subregions. The present study was conducted in order to ascertain whether patients with Chagas' disease and other patients not afflicted with the ailment differ insofar as the presence of antibodies against sulfatide is concerned, and it describes antisulfatide antibody levels in 124 hospital patients (74 men and 50 women) between the ages of 15 and 94 who were in the cardiology unit of Vargas Hospital in Caracas from 1 July to 30 June 1995. Antisulfatide antibody titers were determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and the antigen employed was sulfatide cerebroside obtained from bovine brain tissue. Of the 124 patients under study, 39 (31.5%) suffered from Chagas' disease and had antisulfatide antibody levels higher than those detected in patients without Chagas (P = 0.0298) and in 28 seemingly healthy controls (P = 0.0035). Serum levels of antisulfatide antibodies in patients with other forms of heart disease were also compared with those seen in the control group, and significantly higher levels were found in patients with acute ischemic heart disease (P = 0.0049), rheumatic valvular heart disease (P = 0.0075), chronic ischemic heart disease (P = 0.0464) and bradiarrythmias (P = 0.0157), and significantly lower ones in subjects with hypertensive heart disease (P = 0.0367). These antibody levels showed no correlation with clinical or paraclinical variables indicative of the degree of cardiac compromise. Our results support the notion that antibodies against sulfatide may play a role in the pathogenesis of Chagas' cardiomyopathy and other forms of heart disease and should be further studied in an effort to determine their potential role in these processes.
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PMID:[Anti-sulfatide antibody titers in patients with chronic Chagas disease and other forms of cardiopathy]. 960 14

We present the case of 23-year-old woman with good living conditions, one year history of ventricular arrhythmia and 6 months history of decreased exercise tolerance, who was found to have dilated cardiomyopathy after aborted sudden death. Endomyocardial biopsy did not show specific findings. Within 3 months she developed profound bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation and refractory heart failure, treated with heart transplantation. Intense eosinophilic myocarditis was found in the explanted heart. Retrospective analysis of the patient's blood count revealed mild eosinophilia (eosinophil count: 0.86 x 109/l) on one examination only. Following heart transplantation the patient had persistent eisinophilia (eosinophil count: 0.62 x 109/l). Although there was no proven parasitic infestation, based on positive family history of Enterobius vermicularis infestation she was treated with broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent: albendazole and her eosinophil count returned to normal values. This case shows that active eosinophilic myocarditis may present clinically as progressive dilated cardiomyopathy with severe involvement of conduction system. Massive myocardial tissue eosinophilia occurred in the setting of mild and transient blood eosinophilia. Favourable outcome following antiparasitic treatment suggests a potential parasitic infestation as a cause of the disease.
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PMID:Unexpected eosinophilic myocarditis in a young woman with rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. 1241 69

In patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies, Strongyloides stercoralis can cause a life-threatening septic shock, with multi-organ failure and infestation. Strongyloides hyper-infection should be considered in any immunosuppressed patient who has been exposed to the parasite, even if it is many years since that exposure occurred. Delayed eosinophilia may be a feature and treatment with high doses of anthelmintics may be required. An interesting case of S. stercoralis hyper-infection was recently observed at the Royal Darwin Hospital in tropical, northern Australia. The patient was an 18-year-old female with lupus glomerulonephritis, who was receiving immunosuppression in the form of corticosteroids and pulse cyclophosphamide. The characteristics and intensive-care management of this case, including the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and high-dose ivermectin, are described. The patient, who survived, appears to represent the first reported case of S. stercoralis hyper-infection with suspected myocarditis.
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PMID:Strongyloides hyper-infection: a case for awareness. 1475 98

Chagas' heart disease, caused by protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a common cause of cardiomyopathy in the Americas. Transmission of T. cruzi occurs through Reduviids, the kissing bugs. Less common ways of transmission are blood transfusion, congenital transmission, organ transplantation, laboratory accident, breastfeeding, and oral contamination. Infestation results in cardiac dysautonomia, myocardial apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis. In acute phase, death is mostly caused by myocarditis and in chronic phase, it is mostly by irreversible cardiomyopathy. A majority of the patients with Chagas' disease remain in the latent phase of disease for 10 to 30 years or even for life. Specific anti-Chagas' therapy with trypanocide drugs is useful in acute phase but the management of chronic Chagas' heart disease is mostly empirical. The mortality during the acute phase of cardiac Chagas is around 5%. Five-year mortality of chronic Chagas' disease with cardiac dysfunction is above 50%. The clinical aspects of the Chagas' heart disease are concisely reviewed.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of the Chagas' heart disease. 1676 34

This work was performed in a trial to organize the learning process by focusing on the integration of medical education particularly between the three main subjects: gross anatomy, histology and pathology. It was a theoretical teaching draft designed to be implemented with second year students of the Medical school of the King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA, in order to overcome disadvantages in traditional teaching. The objectives of this work were to make medical students, at the pre-clinical stage of their medical carrier, alert to diagnosis and handling of clinical problems and to develop their ability to integrate pre-clinical and clinical subjects. Fifty human cadaveric hearts were anatomically and histopathologically examined. This examination revealed six different clinical problems such as pericarditis, myocarditis, cardiac hypertrophy, parasitic infestation, rheumatic heart disease and fatty infiltration. The medical students of the second year will be first introduced to the normal anatomical and histological structure of the heart, then allowed to visualize and examine the specimens of the cadaveric heart both macroscopically and microscopically. They will be introduced to a set of clinical problems through some clinical scenarios and asked to search for the possible etiological factors causing these changes, associated signs and symptoms. Finally they will be asked to present their findings and interpretations. This paper demonstrated a pathway of self-directed learning in an integrated teaching setting in the medical curriculum using available cadaveric material at a preparatory stage before developing the system-based curriculum.
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PMID:A model of horizontal and vertical integration of teaching on the cadaveric heart. 2069 58

Cardicola forsteri is a blood fluke that is highly prevalent among cultured southern bluefin tuna (SBT), Thunnus maccoyii, in South Australia. The role of C forsteri in annual SBT mortality outbreaks, which peak 6 to 12 weeks poststocking, is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify lesions unique to cultured SBT that died during a mortality event in 2009 and to determine the significance of C forsteri-associated lesions. Cultured SBT were sampled from 4 pontoons of a single site in Spencer Gulf that experienced a mortality epidemic that spanned 5 to 14 weeks poststocking. Study SBT comprised 7 that died during peak mortality, 27 that did not die, and 10 wild-caught (noncultured) SBT. All cultured SBT had branchitis and myocarditis due to C forsteri, whereas no life stages of C forsteri were histologically identified in any wild-caught SBT. Mortality was associated with the presence of severe branchitis (P<.005), and the odds of severe branchitis were 90 times greater for SBT that died than for SBT that were live caught during peak mortality (95% confidence interval, 5 to 1,684). In SBT that had died, no lesions other than those associated with C forsteri were of sufficient severity or physiologic significance to account for death. Other lesions common among cultured SBT included systemic granulocytic perivascular infiltrate, granulocytic gastric infiltrate, hepatic lipidosis, visceral granulomas, and branchial parasitic infestation. This study shows for the first time that a substantial proportion of poststocking mortality in cultured SBT is strongly associated with severe branchitis caused by C forsteri.
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PMID:Case-control study of epidemic mortality and Cardicola forsteri-associated disease in farmed southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) of South Australia. 2108 22

Toxocariasis is today the most widespread zoonotic, helminthic infection in Russia and other countries of the world. A large population of Toxocara has recently inhabited the urban populations of dogs and cats. Therefore toxocariasis canis and toxocariasis cati have shifted from rural areas to cities and megalopolises where Toxocara canis infestation amounts to as much as 100%, without excluding that in the rural populations of dogs. Due to the fact that the number of dogs and cats has considerably increased (20% of adult dogs and 80% of puppies are infected with Toxocara) in our megalopolises, cities, and urban communities as in foreign countries, this substantially increases the risk of toxacariasis. From the above reasoning, environmental contamination with Toxacara eggs creates an important reservoir of infestation for humans and animals (the contamination rates in different regions of Russia ranges from 1-3 to 50-60%, with the infestation rates of 1 - 10 eggs per 100 g of soil). Human toxocariasis is polymorphic, from its subclinical course to significant organ pathology, and detectable as a manifestation of eosinophilia, fever, hepatomegaly, hyperglobulinemia, lung and central nervous system lesions, myocarditis, and skin rash. The diagnosis of toxocariasis is established by its clinical presentation and serological findings. It is important in the history that children have spent much time with dogs or cats.
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PMID:[Toxocariasis under the present conditions]. 2180 Apr 50


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