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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight subjects from Hong Kong with chronic infestation by Clonorchis sinensis were studied. Ten of the patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma, seven of cholangiocarcinoma, and one each of carcinoma of the common bile duct and lymphoma. The major difference between the patients having cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma was cirrhosis. Only one patient with cholangiocarcinoma had cirrhosis; whereas all but one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma had cirrhosis. The etiopathogenesis of these two tumors is substantially different.
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PMID:Clonorchiasis and hepatic neoplasms. 18 75

alpha chain disease, the most frequent of the heavy chain diseases, is a proliferative disorder of B lymphoid cells involving primarily the small intestine and mesenteric nodes. The characteristic immunoglobulin, whose detection by immunochemical techniques may present some difficulties, consists of incomplete alpha chains devoid of light chains. The deleted portion of the alpha chain is located in the Fd segment and involves both the variable and first constant domains. In both of two proteins for which structural data are available, normal sequence resumes at the beginning of the hinge region. The absence of L chains is due to a failure of synthesis. alpha chain disease appears to proceed in two stages. The early stage is characterized by a possibly non-malignant diffuse and extensive plasma cell infiltration which may be reversible after administration of antibiotics. The later stage is characterized by overt neoplasia (immunoblastic lymphoma). The socio-geographic distribution of the digestive form of alpha chain disease shows a clear predilection for underpriviliged populations living in areas with a high degree of infestation by intestinal pathogens which play presumably a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Immunobiology and pathogenesis of alpha chain disease. 41 36

Toxoplasmosis is not a rare disease. Infestation occurs in 75% of the general world population and in 35% of the US population. Lymphadenopathy, primarily of the cervical type, is one of the most common signs of acquired toxoplasmosis. During the past 15 years a great number of reports have appeared in the medical literature regarding toxoplasmosis. However, it seems that most clinicians do not consider this disease as a possibility when they encounter patients with unexplained cervical adenopathy in whom the usual tests for infectious mononucleosis are negative. In fact, the majority of such patients come to the operating room with a suspected diagnosis of malignant neoplasm, particularly of malignant lymphoma. Thus, a great deal of unnecessary anxiety is generated and, at times, unnecessary surgery is performed. These may be avoidable. A total of 38 cases of acquired toxoplasmosis manifested by lymphadenopathy (82% in the cervical region) are analyzed with respect to symptomatology, differential diagnosis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with cervical tumors.
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PMID:Cervical adenopathy secondary to toxoplasmosis. 90 Dec 84

Africa, the "dark continent" and the source of such wonderful tales as King Solomon's Mines and Jock of the Bushveld, has an equally enthralling story to tell about malignant disease in general and the lymphomas in particular as they occur among its varied people. It is uncertain how far back in history contact existed with the rest of the world, primarily in the form of slave trading and colonization by, among others, the Portuguese and the British. Until recent times, however, Africa's secrets have remained largely undisturbed. Fragments of medical information are recorded in the diaries of those early, intrepid explorers, such as Albert Cook, Henry Stanley, David Livingstone, and Albert Schweitzer. However, it is only in recent years that the great natural experiments that have for so long been underestimated, and very much less understood, belatedly started to attract attention. Examples are the systematic studies by Denis Burkitt, who through perseverance unraveled the lymphoma that now bears his name, and the thought-provoking description of the immunoproliferative small intestinal disease carried out by the Cape Town group, with both illustrating the axiom that "the study of man is man." Despite such occasional outstanding achievements, there is still considerable paucity of data pertaining to the various lymphoreticular malignancies, so that only limited conclusions are possible. Certainly, lymphoma in Africa differs from that elsewhere in the world. In part, this may reflect a background of immunologic disturbance attributable to parasitic infestation, viral infection, rampant malnutrition, and the impact of a wide variety of vectors, such as mosquitoes, in disease transmission. Striking differences exist in the distribution of these tumors as the incidence and pattern are followed from the equator to the milder climates in the south. This confirmed phenomenon gives rise to the tantalizing suggestion that, to some significant extent, the changes reflect the influence of geography. Thus, there may be associated alterations in the fauna and flora that determine the presence of intermediary hosts that have an impact on the eventual expression of the malignant clone. Many questions remain unanswered. For example, how can the lower incidence of Hodgkin's disease and the predominance of high-grade malignancies in the tropics and subtropics be explained? To what extent does the lymphocytic and plasmacytic hyperplasia, ascribed to intense antigenic stimulus in Burkitt's lymphoma and myeloma--perhaps even other lymphomas, such as IPSID--predispose the host to a mutational event that leads to the emergence of each distinctive neoplasm?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The malignant lymphomas in Africa. 193 63

An 8-yr-old nonallergic girl with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had markedly elevated serum IgE at presentation (greater than 10,000 IU/ml), negative skin tests to a battery of 24 common allergens, and no evidence of parasitic infestation. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM were normal. Remission after cytotoxic chemotherapy was accompanied by a marked reduction in serum IgE levels (to less than 200 IU/ml) with no change in the level of serum IgG, IgM, or IgA. Recurrence of the lymphoma 7 mo after remission was accompanied by an isotype specific rise in serum IgE (to 3,850 IU/ml). Isoelectric focusing revealed that the IgE was polyclonal. Phenotypic analysis of the lymphoma obtained during relapse revealed all (greater than 98%) cells to be T3+, T4+, and T8+. Incubation of lymphoma cells with human myeloma IgE followed by immunosorbent purified fluorescein tagged goat anti-human IgE (anti-IgE PS-adsorbed over IgE ADZ) stained 25% of the cells. In contrast, less than 1% of the cells were stained after incubation with human IgG followed by fluorescein conjugated goat anti-human IgE. Supernatants from lymphoma cells (5 X 10(6)/ml, 48 h) enhanced IgE production in B cells derived from four patients with allergic rhinitis (mean +/- SD picograms per milliliter of net IgE 930 +/- 320 in unstimulated cultures versus 2,450 +/- 650 in cultures stimulated with lymphoma supernatants; P less than 0.01) but did not induce IgE synthesis in B cells from two normal subjects that synthesized no IgE spontaneously. Lymphoma supernatants failed to enhance IgG synthesis by B cells of both allergic and nonallergic subjects. These results indicate that a T cell lymphoma comprised of cells bearing Fc receptors for IgE with a phenotype characteristic of immature T cells (i.e., T3+, T4+, T8+) exhibited IgE specific helper function. This lymphoma may represent the monoclonal expansion of a subpopulation of IgE specific helper T cells.
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PMID:A human T cell lymphoma secreting an immunoglobulin E specific helper factor. 315 54

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine was demonstrated in 25 patients with giardiasis. All had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and seven patients initially presented with clinical findings suggestive of an abdominal lymphoma. In only two, however, was the diagnosis of primary jejunal lymphoma confirmed. It is possible that an aetiological relationship exists between recurrent parasitic infestation and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the upper small intestine.
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PMID:Small intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in patients with giardiasis and normal serum immunoglobulins. 685 22

121 cases of candidiasis were histologically demonstrated in the course of histological studies of gastric mucosal biopsies in 20 401 patients. Infestation of necrotic tissue with Candida albicans was found exclusively in patients with gastric ulcer, ulcerating carcinoma or lymphoma. Candidiasis was twice as common in carcinoma as in non-carcinomatous gastric ulcer. In the majority of those patients with ulcer who also had Candida albicans mycosis there was was at the same time atrophic or dysplastic gastric mucosa at the edge of the ulcer. Demonstration of candidiasis in biopsy material from gastric ulcer should thus be interpreted as suspicious of carcinoma, until and unless further studies confirm or exclude it.
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PMID:[Incidence and significance of candidiasis in biopsy material of gastric ulcers (author's transl)]. 743 71

Thailand is one of the few developing countries for which population-based cancer survival data are available. Using clinical follow-up information and reply-paid postal enquiries, 10,333 residents of Khon Kaen province registered with cancer in the period 1985-1992 were followed-up to the end of 1993. The sites of the most common cancers in the province were liver (5-year relative survival rate 9.2%), cervix (60.1%), lung (15.4%), breast (48.1%) and large bowel (41.9%). Results for Khon Kaen were compared with age-standardized survival data for the US and Scotland. Survival was consistently higher for US whites compared to Khon Kaen residents for those cancers whose prognosis is associated with early diagnosis (breast, cervix and large bowel) or the availability of intensive therapy (leukaemia and lymphoma). The main implication of these results for cancer control in Thailand is that the interventions of greatest potential benefit are those designed to promote early detection. More than one-third of all cancers in Thailand are liver tumours: primary prevention through control of hepatitis-B infection and liver fluke infestation is the only effective strategy for their control.
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PMID:Cancer survival in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. 772 37

Strongyloides stercolaris infestation is rather rare in Iraq. Individuals with infection confined to the intestinal tract are often asymptomatic. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and other non-specific complaints. The diagnosis depends upon repeated examination of stool and duodenal aspirate. Two cases presenting as sub-acute intestinal obstruction and mimicking primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) on presentation are presented. Differentiation between the two conditions regarding presenting features, barium studies and pathology are discussed.
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PMID:Sub-acute intestinal obstruction by Strongyloides stercolaris. 870 86

It is classical to separate gastro-intestinal non Hodgkin Lymphomas into two epidemiological profiles: 1--an "occidental" type frequently encountered in West countries (Europe and USA); 2--an "occidental" type which is dominant in the Middle East regions and is distinguished from the occidental type by the following features: the younger age of patients; the rarity of gastric involvement compared to the small intestinal involvement; the prevalence of Immuno Proliferative Small Intestinal Disease within the small intestinal non Hodgkin lymphomas. An epidemiological study was done on 100 cases of digestive non Hodgkin lymphomas seen in Lebanon between 1965 and 1991 in hospitals affiliated with Saint-Joseph University. The statistical analysis of our study leads to several conclusions: 1--the ISPID is disappearing in Lebanon during the last twenty-five years; 2--the site of gastrointestinal involvement is changing with time, the small intestinal involvement becoming more rare and the gastric involvement more frequent. So during this twenty-five years period, there was an occidentalization of the epidemiological profile. This varying pattern with time in the epidemiology of gastrointestinal non Hodgkin lymphomas could be due to changing in the environmental factors like the intestinal bacterial and parasitological infestation.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal non-hodgkin's lymphoma: general epidemiology and epidemiologic data based on 100 Lebanese cases seen between 1965 and 1991]. 795 91


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