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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infestation with Echinococcus granulosus is common in Iraq, where a close relationship exists between dogs, the carnivorous definitive hosts, and sheep, the herbivorous hosts of the parasite. Plants contaminated by eggs of the tapeworm passed in the dog's faeces may be ingested by man, giving rise to hydatid disease. Of 136 cases of hydatid disease affecting various tissues and organs studied and treated during a 3-year period, the liver was involved in 94; intrabiliary rupture occurred in 15. Pain, hectic fever, and obstructive jaundice were invariable in these 15 cases but biliary obstruction became complete in only 7. A palpable mass in the liver was present in 10 cases. Mistaken preoperative diagnoses were made in 4 cases before the true nature of the disease was determined. In the light of our experience four main guidelines to operative management may be formulated: First, the mother cyst, daughter cysts, and debris must be evacuated. Second, the common bile duct must be explored and cleared of daughter cysts, membranous shreds, and hydatid stones and the ampulla of Vater must be dilated; however, sphincterotomy is rarely necessary and should not be performed as a routine. Third, unless there is clear evidence of inflammation or daughter cyst or stone formation in the gallbladder the organ should be preserved, since it may prove useful for future bypass procedures. Finally, the residual cavity of the mother cyst must be drained.
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PMID:Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver. 84 42

Infestation of the bile ducts by the adult Ascaris lumbricoides roundworm is a common condition in many parts of the world. The most frequent clinical presentation is as upper abdominal colicky pain with a normal or only slightly raised serum bilirubin. In most cases these worms can be visualized by intravenous cholangiography because of the absence of obstructive jaundice and can therefore be specifically treated by nonsurgical methods. The radiographic appearance is diagnostic. This is the first report of such a case presenting in North America or the United Kingdom, where the importance of biliary ascariasis in endemic areas is not fully appreciated.
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PMID:Biliary ascariasis presenting in the United States. 92 Jul 17

Clonorchiasis is a trematodiasis caused by chronic infestation of liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis. The adult flukes reside in the medium-sized and small intrahepatic bile ducts and, occasionally, in the extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic duct. The result is mechanical obstruction, inflammatory reaction, adenomatous hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis. Signs and symptoms are usually mild and nonspecific, but heavy infestation results in obstructive jaundice. The disease has a close relationship with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. In this article, the radiologic findings, including cholangiography, sonography, and CT of clonorchiasis are reviewed in light of the pathophysiology of the disease. The relationship to recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and to cholangiocarcinoma is discussed.
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PMID:Radiologic findings of clonorchiasis. 212 Sep 25

A patient with Churg-Strauss vasculitis presenting with mononeuritis multiplex, who developed obstructive jaundice, is described. On investigation the jaundice proved to be due to ascaris infestation. As the immune abnormalities associated with ascaris infection are also typical of those seen in the Churg-Strauss syndrome it is speculated that the vasculitis occurred because of a failure to regulate the anti-ascaris immune response.
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PMID:Churg-Strauss vasculitis and ascaris infection. 234 13

A 32-year-old black man had nonspecific abdominal complaints and was found to have obstructive jaundice, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. Eosinophilic infiltration of the cystic duct, gallbladder, lymph nodes, and bone marrow was demonstrated. The patient's symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia resolved spontaneously, and there was no evidence of allergy, parasitic infestation, or hypereosinophilic syndrome. A comparison of this case to other diseases in which eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of one or more gastrointestinal organs occurs is presented.
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PMID:Eosinophilic cholangitis, lymphadenopathy, and peripheral eosinophilia: a case report. 401 10

Cholangiocarcinoma affects both sexes equally, is more prevalent in individuals age 50 to 70. Associations with many other diseases are known, in particular with primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis and parasitic infestation (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini). About 95% are histopathologically classified as adenocarcinoma. The localisation of the tumor determines clinical course and prognosis. If the tumor is located above the hepatic duct bifurcation, only one side of the biliary tree may be obstructed, resulting in atrophy of the corresponding liver lobe, without clinical manifestation of jaundice. Obstructive jaundice is the characteristic symptom of hilar tumor localisation. Laboratory examinations show hyperbilirubinemia and liver enzymes indicating cholestatis are elevated. Pathological levels of the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 are frequently found. Ultrasonography in combination with endoscopic retrograde or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and cytological examination of aspirates are of main diagnostic importance. Treatment consists of curative resection or palliative decompression to relieve jaundice, the latter can be performed using endoscopic implantable self-expanding metal stents. Cytotoxic chemotherapy or liver transplantation show no satisfactory results. The prognosis is mainly poor, only few patients survive more than 6 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:[Cholangiolar carcinoma]. 753 Dec 68

Jaundice and pancreatitis are serious complications in post renal transplantations; hepatotropic viruses and drugs are commonly implicated. We describe ascaris infestation causing pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice in a renal transplant patient.
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PMID:Ascariasis as a cause of obstructive jaundice in a renal transplant patient. 1536 70

It is a prospective study was done in the department of surgery of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College hospital from September 2004 to June 2005. Twenty cases selected for the study. Among 20 cases 16 is female & 4 is male. The age range of the patient was between 20 years to 65 years. Ultrasonography is the main tool of diagnosis. ERCP is not available in this regional hospital. CT scan not done because it is expensive for the poor patient who are the mainly the subject in this study. Eighty percent (16) of the cases present with recurrent upper abdominal pain. Thirty percent (6) with acute Cholecystitis, 25% (5) with obstructive jaundice, 25% (5) with Cholangitis 5% (1) with mild pancreatitis, 5% (1) with perforation of hollow viscus and 5% (1) with hepatolithiasis. Seventy percent (14) of the cases treated conservatively 25% (5) cases have under gone routine elective operation and 5% (1) cases have under gone emergency operation. Females are the common victims (M:F-1:4). Provision of safe drinking water, regular deworming and improvement of personal hygiene can largely reduces the dreadful consequences due to infestation by worm.
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PMID:Varied presentation of biliary ascariasis and its consequences. 1687 95

The human infestation caused by Fasciola hepatica is a rare zoonosis, with an incidence of about 10 cases/year in Italy. We report a case of cholecystitis and obstructive jaundice in a patient affected by fascioliasis in which the diagnosis was secondary to the extraction of viable flukes from the bile duct during ERCP. The endoscopic examination permits, in addition to a rapid, correct diagnosis, direct clearance of the bile ducts. Oral drug therapy, when carried out following the endoscopic treatment, is aimed at killing any flukes potentially evading mechanical clearance. The healing achieved is confirmed by normalisation of antibody levels 6-12 months after therapy. Cholecystectomy is indicated and appropriate for the frequent occurrence of biliary colic related to acute and chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, induced by the presence of the flukes. Infestation by Fasciola hepatica has to be considered among the differential diagnoses of obstructive jaundice. ERCP plays a major diagnostic and therapeutic role, and cholecystectomy, considering the pathogenetic effects of flukes on the organ, is mandatory.
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PMID:[A rare case of obstructive jaundice and cholecystitis in hepatic fascioliasis in Italy]. 1836 Sep 99

The most common cause of gallbladder perforation is calculous cholecystitis. Rarer causes include trauma, iatrogenic injuries, biliary stasis and gall bladder ischemia. We report a case of gall bladder gangrene with perforation, secondary to extensive ascariasis. A 45-year-old woman presented with acute intestinal obstruction and jaundice. She had abdominal distension and right hypochondrial tenderness. Abdominal radiography showed dilated bowel loops and ultrasonogram showed worms in the small intestine and biliary tree. On exploration, a bolus of worms 2 feet proximal to the ileocaecal junction was found causing obstruction. Worms were also present in the bile duct and gallbladder causing gangrene and perforation. She underwent cholecystectomy, bile-duct exploration and enterotomy. However, she died on the third postoperative day of overwhelming sepsis. Enteric complications of ascaris leading to bowel obstruction are well-known. Hepatobiliary complications such as cholangitis and obstructive jaundice are rare. However, such an extreme degree of infestation leading to gangrene and perforation of the gall bladder is extremely rare.
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PMID:Biliary ascariasis presenting with gangrenous perforation of the gall bladder: report of a case and brief review of literature. 2964 51


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