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Query: UMLS:C0851341 (infestation)
 10,121 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of trichomoniasis in Sydney was determined by examining 1070 sexually active females in three different practices. Infection rates ranged from 17.8% in a sympatomatic venereal-disease clinic group to 0.5% in non-promiscuous family-planning clinic patients. In each of these categories, the infestation rate, when compared with overseas reports, was lower but no explanation for this difference is apparent. Of the various laboratory methods used to detect Trichomonas vaginalis, the most sensitive was a culture method. The most convenient and reliable microscopy technique was phase-contrast microscopy which detected 80% of those with positive culture results. Stuart's Transport Medium will maintain trichomonad's viability for at least 24 hours and allow vaginal specimens to be reliably transported for examination.
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PMID:Trichomonas vaginalis infections in Sydney: laboratory diagnosis and prevalence. 37 37

A case is reported of an 11-month-old baby suffering from gangrene of the distal portion of the small bowel due to infestation by larval worms belonging to the order Spirurida, family Physalopteridae and probably the genus Physaloptera. Microscopically, the resected bowel showed ischaemic necrosis, eosinophilic granulomata and larval worms in the lumen and wall of blood vessels. The inflammatory process extended into the mesentery, where the vessels showed focal necroses, thrombosis and endarteritis. Infection in this child in the Queensland countryside is considered to have resulted from ingestion of insects on grass eaten when at play, the grass having been contaminated by bandicoots.
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PMID:Nematode larvae (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) causing infarction of the bowel in an infant. 55 97

Fusarium moniliforme is one of the most prevalent fungi associated with basic human and animal dietary samples such as corn. This fungus has been suspected of being involved in human and animal diseases since its original description. Fusarium moniliforme is in the section Liseola along with F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, and F. anthophilum. Cultural mutation often occurs when F. moniliforme is grown on a medium rich in carbohydrates. Mutants may be either the mycelial or pionnotal type and often lose virulence and the ability to produce toxins. Toxins produced by F. moniliforme are fusaric acid, fusarins, gibberellins, moniliformin, and fumonisins. The fumonisins are produced most often when F. moniliforme grows on corn. Fusarium moniliforme causes ear rot and stalk rot of corn and infection of corn kernels by this fungus is widespread. Infection of developing corn kernels may occur through the silks, through holes and fissures in the pericarp or at points where the pericarp is torn by the emerging seedling, and as a result of systemic infection of the corn plant by F. moniliforme. These models of infection as well as infestation of the kernel surface are important factors when considering the production of fumonisins in corn.
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PMID:Taxonomy and biology of Fusarium moniliforme. 151 71

Infestation by immature Ixodes dammini and infection by Borrelia burgdorferi of the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus were studied in Castle Rock State Park in northwestern Illinois during June-October 1990. Prevalence and intensity of infestation of larvae on mice were highest in August with a smaller peak in early June. The distribution of larvae on mice was highly aggregated during each of the sampling periods. Aggregation appears to be the result of a series of nonrandom successful attachments by single larvae, rather than of simultaneous attachment by clumps of larvae. Infection rate of mice by B. burgdorferi averaged 21.4% with a peak of 28.6% in August. A comparison of the numbers of attached immature ticks collected from mice and of questing ticks collected through dragging indicated that the larvae-to-nymph ratio was higher on mice than on drags. Given the low total numbers of nymphs collected from mice, this suggests a potential role for other hosts of I. dammini nymphs in northwestern Illinois.
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PMID:Spatial and temporal dispersion of immature Ixodes dammini on Peromyscus leucopus in northwestern Illinois. 177

This study investigates the level of helminthic infestation in better-cared-for dogs in a middle-class community in suburban Kingston. A canine zoographic study was conducted, and fresh faecal deposits were collected and analysed for helminth life-cycle stages. The survey indicated that 73% (n = 93) of households in the study area owned one dog or more (mean = 1.4). Resident's attitudes towards canine management suggested that the dog population was, in general, restricted to the residential estate, and most owners claimed to have dewormed their dogs at least as young animals. Of 141 faecal specimens, 58% contained eggs or larvae of one or more of eight helminths: Uncinaria stenocephala (26%), Ancylostoma sp. (23%), Trichuris vulpis (9%), Toxocara canis (8%), Spirocerca lupi (6%), Strongyloides sp. (6%), Apophallus sp. (4%) and taeniids (1%). There was a high level of multiple infection in the host animals, with approximately one fifth of the infected samples containing three or more helminth types. Infection intensity was apparently low, but some dogs harboured heavy worm loads.
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PMID:A survey of intestinal helminths of well-cared-for dogs in Jamaica, and their potential public health significance. 272 84

Strain-, sex- and age-based resistance of mice to Toxocara canis infection was demonstrated. Infection doses of similar numbers resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) greater worm establishment in CD1 mice than in NIH mice, as well as a greater heterogeneity of responses between individuals. Male mice had significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer larvae in the brain and more larvae in the liver than female mice, when mice of greater than or equal to 3 months old were used. Appreciably more larvae were retained in the liver of male CD1 mice than in NIH mice. Orchidectomized mice had higher levels of brain infestation and a lower larval recovery from the liver compared with intact male mice. Infections in young mice of both strains showed more diversity in establishment and migration pattern between individuals than in older mice. Despite these differences in distribution of larvae and in the numbers recovered from experimental infections, the acute and chronic clinical signs observed in the two strains were very similar.
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PMID:Variations in innate resistance to experimental Toxocara canis infection in two strains of mice. 281 39

Infection with 100 Opisthorchis viverrini (OP) metacercariae prior to two injections of dihydroxy-di-n-propyl nitrosamine (DHPN) (1000 mg/kg body weight) brought about significant enhancement of resultant preneoplastic lesion development in Syrian hamster liver and pancreas tissue. Thus combined treatment with carcinogen and parasite was associated with pancreatic atypical (dysplastic) foci, hepatocellular nodules, cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinomas. No such lesions were observed in carcinogen alone, parasite alone or untreated control groups. In addition, parasite induced hyperplastic gall bladder epithelium was found to include areas of putative preneoplastic cells only in the DHPN-OP combined group. The results strongly suggest that pancreatitis and biliary cirrhosis associated with liver fluke infestation are responsible for the observed enhancement of carcinogenesis, and that the resultant increased proliferation plays a major role in tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Enhancement of DHPN induced hepatocellular, cholangiocellular and pancreatic carcinogenesis by Opisthorchis viverrini infestation in Syrian golden hamsters. 283 5

The influence of Opisthorchis viverrini liver fluke infection on development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular nodules was investigated in Syrian golden hamsters. Infection with 60 metacercariae, 4 weeks prior to administration of DEN for 12 weeks in the drinking water at dose levels of 10, 20 and 40 p.p.m., resulted in a significantly increased yield of nodular lesions as compared with the group receiving carcinogen treatment alone. The results indicate an importance for parasite-associated liver injury and compensatory regeneration in hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest a possible role for Opisthorchis infestation in the generation of hepatocellular tumours in man.
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PMID:Enhancement of DEN-induced hepatocellular nodule development by Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Syrian golden hamsters. 362 73

Six-month-old calves were inoculated with 200 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica over a 72 day period. Their aspartic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, arginase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) values were measured at two-week intervals. Infections with a final fluke count of 19 to 87 flukes did not result in an increase of serum alkaline phosphatase or arginase compared with those in control calves. Serum aspartic transaminase values were increased significantly (P less than 0.025) above those of controls but were not increased over reference values. Seemingly, measurement of these enzymes would not be useful in assessing the degree of fluke infestation. In contrast, serum values of GGT increased 56 days after preliminary inoculation and remained high for at least 83 days after infection. The initial rise coincided with the penetration of bile ducts by migrating flukes. This relationship may be useful in further studies of fluke-induced biliary damage.
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PMID:Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity in cattle with induced fascioliasis. 615 May 30

Eosinophilia of more than 50% was observed for a period of ten days in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with acute meningomyelitis and paraplegia. Serologic studies suggested the simultaneous infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae and Coxsackie A 09 as being a likely cause of meningomyelitis. This case demonstrates that pronounced CSF eosinophilia may be observed for a short period in non-parasitic infections of the central nervous system. parasitic infestation may be assumed only when eosinophilia persists for several months.
Infection 1982 Jan
PMID:[Eosinophilic meningomyelitis (author's transl)]. 627 22


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