Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients with malignant diseases whose mean age was 20.0 +/- 13.2 years received anthracycline derivatives therapy and were evaluated for their left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions by computer-assisted digitized M-mode echocardiography. Fractional shortening (%FS), a parameter of systolic function, was measured. The first derivative of left ventricular dimension change (peak LV dD/dt), posterior wall thinning (peak LVPW thinning rate) and interventricular septum thinning (peak IVS thinning rate) were used as indices of diastolic function. Blood pressure (BP) was measured noninvasively at the end of the echocardiographic examination and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured on the same day. These examinations were performed immediately before administration of anthracycline and one week and one month after the last administration. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test. The mean BP, HR, LVDd, LVDs, LVPW and IVS remained unchanged following the drug administration. %FS did not change significantly; 36.8 +/- 6.3%, before the administration, 35.3 +/- 6.5%, one week after the administration, and 36.5 +/- 5.1%, one month after the administration. Peak LVdD/dt and the peak LVPW thinning rate decreased appreciably from 4.46 +/- 1.10 to 3.76 +/- 1.08, and from 7.99 +/- 1.55 to 6.41 +/- 1.04, respectively, one week after the administration. The peak IVS thinning rate decreased from 3.54 +/- 0.81 to 2.99 +/- 0.79 after one week (p < 0.01). All of these values returned to the control levels in one month after the drug administration. We concluded that the indices of left ventricular diastolic function were more sensitive for detecting cardiac impairment than those of systolic function during the course of anthracycline therapy.
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PMID:[Anthracycline cardiotoxicity evaluated by digitized M-mode echocardiography]. 130 66

Thirty-three well-trained rugby players, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years, were studied during basal training for one year. Peripheral blood parameters and iron metabolism indices were investigated before, during and at the end of the season. The hematologic status showed no substantial changes with respect to physical activity even if considered by age and team-role. However, a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, plasma transferrin and ferritin, was observed when compared with those obtained from a group of healthy untrained controls. Since the decrease in serum iron and ferritin concentrations was significant so as to justify a similar reduction in Hb and Ht values, two pathogenic mechanisms must be considered: e.g., a moderate hemodilution secondary to plasma expansion combined with a decrease in iron stores caused by chronic iron loss through feces, profound sweat and urine. The present study demonstrates that mild anemia (sports anemia) may develop in well-trained rugby players with heavy physical work load, due to increased plasma volume with a relative thinning of RBCs. This pseudo-anemic condition is associated with a reduction in iron stores which can lead to a true iron-deficiency anemia. A yearly blood test and, if necessary, iron supplementation could prevent this condition.
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PMID:[Study of variations in hematologic parameters in rugby players undergoing physical training at a high altitude]. 276 60

Concentrated adult erythrocyte suspensions were subjected to low amplitude oscillatory shear in a Weissenberg rheogoniometer equipped with a cone-and-plate assembly. The dynamic viscoelastic properties of the suspension were measured over a broad range of frequency by a numerical solution that accounted for fluid inertia. Variation of shear amplitude and cell volume percent, and comparison of buffered saline, plasma, and dextran as suspending media showed that the cellular elements had undergone small bending and shearing deformations. Studies of normal adult erythrocytes, hypotonically swollen cells, temperature-altered cells, and erythrocyte ghosts suggested that the method was evaluating membrane material properties. The normal membrane was found to exhibit a shear rate dependent elastic modulus that increased by more than a factor of 20 over a frequency range from 0.0076 Hz to 60 Hz. The membrane viscosity showed a substantial drop with frequency indicative of a frequency thinning phenomenon. At high frequency of deformation the viscous response of normal erythrocytes was no longer indicative of a membrane property due to the dominant influence of the internal hemoglobin solution. The studies generally supported the ability of the method to quantify relative membrane material properties and detect changes in membrane structure.
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PMID:Viscoelasticity of packed erythrocyte suspensions subjected to low amplitude oscillatory deformation. 365 55

The purpose of this study was to evaluate young asymptomatic patients with thalassemia major by utilizing an echocardiographic technique which traces an expanded image of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW). This technique separates global cardiac function from segmental changes in LV free wall thickness during systole and diastole. The study population consisted of 13 patients aged 2 to 15 years with classical homozygous beta-thalassemia. Thirty-one normal healthy individuals age 4 to 13 years served as controls. Echocardiograms, height, weight, and blood pressure were measured in all patients at their lowest hemoglobin level. Traces of the expanded LVPW were analyzed and measured; while total net thickening relative to baseline was similar in both groups at all times during systole and diastole, the LVPW in children with thalassemia was statistically thinner than in controls (p less than 0.001). Contraction was a nearly linear process in controls, but for patients with thalassemia, it was significantly faster at 50% and 75% of systolic time (p less than 0.05). Relaxation, on the other hand, was not linear for either controls or thalassemic patients. In both groups, diastolic thinning was biphasic; however, LV walls of thalassemic children thinned more slowly than normal for each time point in diastole (p less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that young children with thalassemia major, even if kept at strict transfusion and chelation regimens, have defects in LV segmental wall motion which antedate the appearance of clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Preclinical abnormal segmental cardiac manifestations of thalassemia major in children on transfusion-chelation therapy: echographic alterations of left ventricular posterior wall contraction and relaxation patterns. 706 92

Hemoglobin solution has been proposed as a blood substitute and, when administered intravenously, causes hemodilution that affects the viscosity of the circulation fluid. To quantitate the changes in viscosity, hemodilutions were made by mixing freshly drawn human blood with a 7-g/dl hemoglobin solution in different proportions. Viscosity measurements were made with a micro-cone plate viscosimeter at various shear rates. The results demonstrate that even at low or moderate hemodilutions with hemoglobin solution, the viscosity of blood decrease considerably at each shear rate investigated. The decrease of viscosity is greater with increasing hemodilution. A shear thinning effect is observed with whole blood and with each hemodiluted sample. The viscosity-hematocrit relationship, which could be demonstrated not only by cone-plate but also by the Ostwald viscosimeters at a fixed shear rate, shows that the concentration of red blood cells significantly affects the viscosity of blood. Hemodilution of blood with hemoglobin solution not only reduces the viscosity but also may improve the blood flow.
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PMID:Viscosity of human blood hemodiluted with crystalline hemoglobin solution. 731 27

The objective of the present study was to determine whether green tea extracts are inhibitory to lipid oxidations catalyzed by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hemoglobin (Hb) using fish as an animal model. Green tea was extracted with water. LOX was extracted from the gills of grey mullet and tilapia, respectively. The LOX activity was determined using chemiluminescence and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The green tea extract showed inhibitory effects on both LOX-catalyzed and Hb-catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Blood thinning effects were observed ex vivo by mixing the green tea extract with fish red blood cells and showed that the flow behavior of fish blood becomes closer to the Newtonian type with a thinner consistency. Similar effects were found on tilapia and grey mullet.
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PMID:Inhibition of fish gill lipoxygenase and blood thinning effects of green tea extract. 1526 26

Amphiphilic derivatives of sodium alginate, prepared by chemical covalent binding of long alkyl chains onto the polysaccharide backbone via ester functions, form strong hydrogels in aqueous solutions. The shear-thinning and thixotropic behaviors of these hydrogels have been exploited to prepare particles (millimetric beads or microparticles) by dispersion in sodium chloride solutions. This all-aqueous procedure was used for the encapsulation of model proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human hemoglobin (Hb), or of a vaccine protein (Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) urease). In all cases, the encapsulation yields were very high (70-100%). No release of model proteins was observed in water within several days, in contrast with protein-loaded calcium alginate particles, which exhibit an important release within only a few hours. The controlled release of proteins can, however, be achieved by inducing the dissociation of the physical hydrophobic network. This dissociation has been obtained either by addition of surfactants, acting as disrupting agents of intermolecular hydrophobic junctions, or of esterases such as lipases, which hydrolyze the ester bond between alkyl chains and the polysaccharide backbone. The level of immunization against H. pylori infection in mice, induced by encapsulated urease administrated by either systemic or mucosal routes, was also assessed.
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PMID:Hydrophobically modified alginate hydrogels as protein carriers with specific controlled release properties. 1531 95

Using transmission electron microscopy, erythrocyte ultrastructure in norm and pathology was described. Among the morphological phenomena, most common were local and extensive erythrocyte plasmalemmal defects in the form of its loosening, thinning, consolidation and thickening, rupture, fragmentation, exfoliation from stroma with the formation of cavities. Plasmalemmal destruction may be accompanied with the formation of micro- and macroexovesicles, some of which lose the connection with the erythrocyte. Morphological signs of erythrocyte stromal disorganization included irregular distribution of hemoglobin granules with the formation of the regions of increased and decreased electron density, loosening of the internal structure up to the formation of cavities, as well as endovesicles, partially containing small or large osmiophilic particles. It was shown that in pathological processes of different genesis (malignant tumors, chronic bronchitis, burn trauma, schizophrenia) ultrastructural changes of erythrocytes have typical character.
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PMID:[Erythrocyte ultrastructure in norm and pathology: morphological phenomena and clinical correlations]. 1584 97

The fundamental study of blood flow past a circular cylinder filled with an oxygen source is investigated as a building block for an artificial lung. The Casson constitutive equation is used to describe the shear-thinning and yield stress properties of blood. The presence of hemoglobin is also considered. Far from the cylinder, a pulsatile blood flow in the x direction is prescribed, represented by a time periodic (sinusoidal) component superimposed on a steady velocity. The dimensionless parameters of interest for the characterization of the flow and transport are the steady Reynolds number (Re), Womersley parameter (alpha), pulsation amplitude (A), and the Schmidt number (Sc). The Hill equation is used to describe the saturation curve of hemoglobin with oxygen. Two different feed-gas mixtures were considered: pure O(2) and air. The flow and concentration fields were computed for Re=5, 10, and 40, 0< or =A< or =0.75, alpha=0.25, 0.4, and Schmidt number, Sc=1000. The Casson fluid properties result in reduced recirculations (when present) downstream of the cylinder as compared to a Newtonian fluid. These vortices oscillate in size and strength as A and alpha are varied. Hemoglobin enhances mass transport and is especially important for an air feed which is dominated by oxyhemoglobin dispersion near the cylinder. For a pure O(2) feed, oxygen transport in the plasma dominates near the cylinder. Maximum oxygen transport is achieved by operating near steady flow (small A) for both feed-gas mixtures. The time averaged Sherwood number, Sh, is found to be largely influenced by the steady Reynolds number, increasing as Re increases and decreasing with A. Little change is observed with varying alpha for the ranges investigated. The effect of pulsatility on Sh is greater at larger Re. Increasing Re aids transport, but yields a higher cylinder drag force and shear stresses on the cylinder surface which are potentially undesirable.
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PMID:Pulsatile blood flow and oxygen transport past a circular cylinder. 1740 25

Renal TB is difficult to diagnose, because many patients present themselves with lower urinary symptoms which are typical of bacterial cystitis. We report a case of a young woman with renal TB and ESRD. She was admitted with complaints of adynamia, anorexia, fever, weight loss, dysuria and generalized edema for 10 months. At physical examination she was febrile (39 degrees C), and her abdomen had increased volume and was painful at palpation. Laboratorial tests showed serum urea = 220 mg/dL, creatinine = 6.6 mg/dL, hemoglobin = 7.9 g/dL, hematocrit = 24.3%, leukocytes = 33,600/mm(3) and platelets = 664,000/mm(3). Urinalysis showed an acid urine (pH = 5.0), leukocyturia (2+/4+) and mild proteinuria (1+/4+). She was also oliguric (urinary volume < 400 mL/day). Abdominal echography showed thick and contracted bladder walls and heterogeneous liquid collection in the left pelvic region. Two laparotomies were performed, in which abscess in pelvic region was found. Anti-peritoneal tuberculosis treatment with rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide was started. During the follow-up, the urine culture was found to be positive for M. tuberculosis. Six months later the patient had complaints of abdominal pain and dysuria. New laboratorial tests showed serum urea = 187 mg/dL, creatinine = 8.0 mg/dL, potassium = 6.5 mEq/L. Hemodialysis was then started. The CT scan showed signs of chronic nephropathy, dilated calyces and thinning of renal cortex in both kidneys and severe dilation of ureter. The patient developed neurologic symptoms, suggesting tuberculous meningoencephalitis, and died despite of support measures adopted. The patient had ESRD due to secondary uropathy to prolonged tuberculosis of urinary tract that was caused by delayed clinical and laboratorial diagnosis, and probably also due to inadequate antituberculous drugs administration.
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PMID:End-stage renal disease due to delayed diagnosis of renal tuberculosis: a fatal case report. 1762 50


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