Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reduction of competition through thinning increases radial growth in the stem and roots of many conifer species. However, not much is known about the effect of thinning on the dynamics of wood formation and intra-annual development of the growth ring, especially in the roots, which are an essential part of the tree for stability and resource acquisition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an experimental thinning on the dynamics and phenology of xylogenesis in the stem and roots of black spruce and balsam fir. Experimental and control trees were selected in two mature even-aged stands, one black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and one balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Wood microcores were collected weekly in the stem and roots from May to October for a period of 4 years. The onset and ending of each cell differentiation phase were computed, as well as growth rate and total cell production. Results show that thinning increased the cell production rate of stem and roots of black spruce and balsam fir. This higher daily growth rate caused an increase in the total number of cells produced by the cambium. The intensity of the treatment was sufficient to significantly increase light availability for residual trees, but insufficient to modify soil temperature and water content to a point at which a significant change in the timing or duration of xylogenesis would be induced. Thus, thinning increased cell production rate and total number of cells produced in both stem and roots, but did not result in a change in the phenology of wood formation that could lead to increased risks of frost damage in the spring or autumn.
 ...
PMID:Xylogenesis in stems and roots after thinning in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada. 2898 79

This study described the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of one natural water-soluble polysaccharide from Bletilla striata (BSP). The rheological characteristics of BSP in aqueous solutions and BSP mixed with other polymers were investigated under various conditions, including concentration, temperature, pH, and salt addition. Viscometric studies and ex vivo mucoadhesion tests were also conducted to examine the mucoadhesive properties of BSP. Results indicated that BSP behaved as a shear-thinning fluid at various concentrations, and its viscosity decreased at high temperatures. The viscous flow properties of the BSP mixtures changed at high pH (>5.0). Conversely, the viscosity of the BSP solutions was slightly affected by electrolytes. The viscosities of the BSP mixtures with four other commonly used polymers (sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hypromellose, and chitosan) were enhanced. The synergistic viscosity of BSP/mucin mixtures increased as BSP concentrations increased, and the maximum value was observed in the SIF medium without enzymes. The adhesive abilities of 5.0% and 10.0% BSP were almost equivalent to that of 0.5% sodium alginate, suggesting that BSP exhibited a certain mucoadhesive property, although it was weaker than that of the other commonly used mucoadhesive materials. BSP showed potential for pharmaceutical excipient applications in bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
 ...
PMID:Rheological and mucoadhesive properties of polysaccharide from Bletilla striata with potential use in pharmaceutics as bio-adhesive excipient. 3016 43