Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 59-year-old woman suffered from occipital headache and bilateral cranial nerve VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and right XII deficit after developing otitis media. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a thickening of the dura mater which was enhanced by gadolinium-DTPA (Gd). Aspergillus flavus was identified from the culture of otorrhea. She was treated with miconazole, flucytosin and fluconazole, which resulted in an improvement of the clinical symptoms and a thinning of the Gd-enhanced lesions on MRI. This is the first case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis caused by Asp. flavus infection.
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PMID:Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis due to Aspergillus flavus. 132 16

Eighteen rhesus monkeys underwent lens implantation with Choyce Mark VIII, Binkhorst iridocapsular, or Shearing posterior chamber lenses. They were sacrificed 4-28 months postoperative. The eyes were compared clinically and histologically. Controls included unoperated eyes and eyes with lens extraction without implantation. Several histologic findings pertained equally to cataract extraction with or without lens implantation. Late opacification of the posterior capsule was caused by migrations and fibrous metaplasia of the lens epithelial cells. These cells appeared to undergo such metaplasia only when exposed directly to aqueous, never when they were in firm apposition to another tissue such as another layer of capsular epithelium, lens cortex, or iris. All implants were well tolerated clinically. Histologically the eyes with Binkhorst lenses showed a tendency to focal loss of iris pigment epithelium and some pigmented macrophages in the iris stroma an trabecular mesh. The Choyce lenses frequently displayed marked displacement and thinning of the iris root, and occasionally showed a few chronic inflammatory cells and thin fibrous encapsulation around the implant feet. The Shearing lenses had no effect on the adjacent ciliary body when the loops were well seated in the lens capsule, but when a loop was anterior to the capsule, it eroded into the ciliary body. The loops developed a thin fibrous capsule within the ciliary body with very little chronic inflammatory reaction. The long-term effect of such loops lying in the ciliary body is undetermined, however. At present it is recommended that, if such a lens is implanted, every effort be made to ensure both loops lie in the capsular envelope. On the basis of this study, it is also recommended that in removing such a lens, one must assume that a loop might lie embedded in the ciliary body and cut the lens free from the loops before removing it.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction and pseudophakos implantation in primates: a clinico-pathologic study. 723 66

Eighteen Rhesus monkeys underwent lens implantation with Choyce Mark VIII, Binkhorst iridocapsular, and Shearing posterior chamber lenses. They were sacrificed 4 to 28 months following surgery. The eyes were compared clinically and histologically. Controls included unoperated eyes and eyes with lens extraction without implantation. Several histologic findings pertained equally to cataract extraction with or without lens implantation. Late opacification of the posterior capsule was caused by migration and fibrous metaplasia of the lens epithelial cells. These cells appeared to undergo such metaplasia only when exposed directly to aqueous, never when they were in firm apposition to another tissue such as another layer of capsular epithelium, lens cortex, or iris. Also strong fibrous posterior synechiae between the iris and lens remnants occurred only where the anterior lens capsule was missing. All implants were well tolerated clinically. Histologically they showed remarkably little inflammation. The eyes with Binkhorst lenses had a mild tendency to focal loss of iris pigment epithelium and some showed pigmented macrophages in the iris stroma and trabecular mesh. The Choyce lenses frequently displayed marked displacement and thinning of the iris root, and occasionally showed a few chronic inflammatory cells and thin fibrous encapsulation around the implant feet. The Shearing lenses had no effect on the adjacent ciliary body when the loops were well seated in the lens capsule, but when a loop was anterior to the capsule, it eroded into the ciliary body. The loops developed a thin fibrous capsule within the ciliary body with very little chronic inflammatory reaction, but the long term effect of such loops lying in the ciliary body is undetermined. At present it is recommended that, if such a lens is implanted, every effort be made to ensure both loops lie in the capsular envelope. On the basis of this study, it is also recommended that in removing such a lens, one must assume that a loop might lie embedded in the ciliary body and cut the lens free from the loops before removing it.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction and pseudophakos implantation in primates: a clinico-pathologic study. 725 72

The external granular layer (EGL) of the cerebellum thickens, thins and disappears in its developmental process. We examined the thickness of the EGL, both intralobule differences and interlobule differences, in the whole midline sections of mouse cerebella for the entire postnatal period up to disappearance. The thinnest site in each lobule was located at the outer apex throughout the observation period, the thickest site was the portion facing the inner apex during early period, and that facing the convexity where the EGL curved in the later period. The observed interlobular differences of the EGL thickness were statistically divided into three groups, referred to as the early developing group (EDG), the late developing group (LDG), and the mixed-type group (MTG). The EDG consisted of the whole anterior lobe and a site in lobule VI facing the fissura prima. These sites thickened earlier, and showed a similar thickness on each observation day. The LDG was composed of all sites in the posterior lobe, with the exception of two sites where lobules VIII and IX confronted each other as well as the site included in the EDG. The sites in the LDG thickened later. They demonstrated a similar thickness during thickening, but varied during thinning. The MTG, consisting of two sites where lobules VIII and IX facied each other, showed features similar to the EDG in the mitotic zone and the LDG in the premigratry zone. These data may serve as the basis for studies on regional differentiation of the cerebellum.
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PMID:A morphometric study on postnatal development of the external granular layer of mice cerebella, focusing on local difference. 1148 Apr 62

In this 21 st century, it is predicted that blindness caused by corneal disorders which are difficult to prevent or treat will increase. It is important to study the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of these corneal disorders. Two corneal disorders, keratoconus and corneal dystrophy, were investigated to elucidate the pathogenesis by using molecular biological or molecular genetic techniques. Corneal transplantation is performed to restore vision of patients with corneal disorders, but the condition of the donor corneal endothelium is the key to maintaining transparency of the grafted cornea. We investigated the function or cell cycle mechanism of corneal endothelium at the level of the gene, and we also studied induced genes of endothelial cells during preservation of donor corneas. 1. Keratoconus: We searched for keratoconus patients with questionnaires sent to 141 hospitals in the 23 Wards of Tokyo. The incidence of patients was estimated to be 12.4 x 10(-5) for males and 6.7 x 10(-5) for females. The male/female ratio was 1.7: 1.0. The number of male patients was low when compared with studies reported 17 years ago. Rupture of Descemet's membrane in males was significantly higher than in females. Genesis of incidence: Apoptosis-related gene expression in thinning of the cornea was analyzed with cDNA microarrays, using mRNA isolated from cultured keratocytes of normal human corneas and keratoconus corneas. The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6(TNFAIP 6) was more enhanced, while insulin growth factor binding protein 5(IGFBP 5) was less expressed in keratoconus patients. 2. Corneal dystrophy: In corneal dystrophy related to four candidate genes such as transforming growth factor beta-induced(TGFBI) gene, membrane component 1 surface maker 1(M 1 S 1) gene, carbohydrate sulfotransferase gene 6(CHST 6), and collagen type VIII alpha-2(COL8 A 2) gene, 208 Japanese and 42 Vietnamese families were analyzed for the gene mutation and studied for the frequency of gene mutation and differences of clinical features. About 80% of Japanese with corneal dystrophies had mutation of the TGFBI gene and about 70% of them had Avellino corneal dystrophy. However, in Vietnamese patients, mutations were found in both the TGFBI gene (lattice corneal dystrophy; the phenotype gene was His 626 Arg) and in the CHST gene. The difference in frequency in gene mutations was significant between the two nationalities. Moreover, a novel corneal dystrophy associated with Asp 123 His mutation in TGFBI gene was found in one Vietnamese family. 3. Corneal endothelial cell: 1) gene expression: We performed random sequence and homology research analysis of 1,000 clones from a rabbit corneal endothelial cDNA library. Forty-five genes, including collagen type VIII alpha-1, were listed for the frequently observed cDNA in the library. 2) gene transfection: One of the causes of a growth-arrested state in human corneal endothelium was thought to be the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in aqueous humor. The transfection of Smad 7 gene, which blocks the signal, showed proliferation of the endothelial cells in the presence of aqueous humor. This suggests that there may be a possible practical application for using gene transfection with a non-viral DNA vector or with an adenovirus vector.
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PMID:[The pathogenesis and treatment of corneal disorders]. 1261 Aug 36

Studies on the population dynamics, age structure, spatial distribution pattern, life table, and survival curve of Quercus variabilis showed that the Q. variabilis population on the northern slope of Qinling mountains was increasing. The number of young-aged individuals was larger, and that of middle-aged and old individuals was smaller. The life tables for different age classes showed that the mortality at age classes I and II was the highest, and the mortality rate was decreased with increasing age. However, at age classes VII and VIII, the mortality rose again for their decrepitude. The expected life span of age classes III, IV and V was higher, and decreased gradually with increasing age. The survival curves were the type of Deevey III, and the distribution pattern of population was aggregative as a whole. As the age increased, the intensity of aggregation decreased, and tended to a random distribution at higher elevations. A wise management should accelerate the recovery of Q. variabilis population and the enhancement of its productivity. The altitude 800-1,100 m was the favorable habitat for Q. variabilis population. As for the Q. variabilis at lower altitude, its protection should be reinforced, and the disturbance from human beings should be reduced. Forest thinning and other fostering management at middle altitude should be given in time. The target trees at higher altitude should be fostered.
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PMID:[Population dynamics of Quercus variabilis on northern slope of Qinling mountains]. 1473 93

The VIII Region of Bio-Bio is a major fruit-growing area of Chile that makes intensive use of agricultural pesticides. The cytogenetic damage associated with exposure to mixtures of pesticides was evaluated by comparing peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) frequencies in a group of 64 female agricultural workers and 30 female controls. The exposed subjects worked during the spring and summer in thinning and pruning fruit trees and in harvesting and packing different fruits, such as raspberries, grapes, apples, and kiwis. They did not use any protective measures during their work activities. A significant increase in the frequency of binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN) was found in the exposed women as compared with the controls (36.94 +/- 14.47 vs. 9.93 +/- 6.17 BNMN/1000 BN cells; P < 0.001). The frequency of BNMN varied as a function of age in both the exposed and control groups, but no correlation was found between BNMN frequency and the duration of exposure. Also, smoking and other habits had no effect on MN frequency. Our study confirms that occupational exposure to pesticide mixtures results in cytogenetic damage.
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PMID:Cytogenetic damage in female Chilean agricultural workers exposed to mixtures of pesticides. 1560 54

We analyzed an enucleated eye that was blind and painful from a 66-year-old patient implanted with a Tennant modification of the Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) as a secondary procedure in 1978. The eye developed glaucoma, with implantation of an Ahmed valve in 2006. Gross and light microscopic analyses showed corneal decompensation and vascularization, peripheral anterior and posterior synechiae, iris thinning, significant changes in the iris pigmented layer, fibrous tissue on the anterior surface of the iris, and Soemmerring ring formation in the periphery of capsular bag remnants. In addition, there was severe attenuation of the nerve fiber layer and extensive cupping of the optic disc. The IOL surface was overall smooth and regular, without warping of the footplates, and was partially covered by clumps of various cell elements, including giant cells intermixed with pigment. This study represents the longest clinicopathologic correlation report on this IOL.
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PMID:Long-term pathologic follow-up of obsolete design: Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber intraocular lens. 2211 90