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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Positron emission computed tomography (PET) is regarded an excellent technique for quantitative measurements. However, its accuracy is related to the spatial resolution of the system. The relation between myocardial wall thicknesses as measured by X-ray CT or MRI and the radioactivity as measured using PET was studied in 37 patients. 1. In patients with transmural infarction, the infarcted myocardium was imaged as a region of low radioactivity. However, the myocardium usually exhibited wall thinning, so that partial volume effects must be taken into account in evaluating the radioactivity. 2. In the infarcted regions, the regions of the low radioactivity tended to be larger than those of wall thinning. 3. There were cases with the regional low radioactivity without wall thinning in myocardial infarction and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Because patients with myocardial infarction frequently had regional wall thinning, it seems necessary to correct partial volume effects for the infarcted regions which differ from the normal. It was concluded that, to estimate regional myocardial blood flow or metabolism using PET, it is necessary to supplement another morphological diagnostic method to evaluate myocardial wall thickness.
J Cardiol 1987 Dec
PMID:[Problems related to tracer concentration and wall thickness: pitfalls in positron CT diagnosis]. 350 33

Intestinal obstruction proximal to a transition zone without an interposed physical barrier usually indicates Hirschsprung disease. The authors report one case of focal small bowel muscular thinning just distal to a transition zone that produced clinical and radiographic findings that simulated long-segment Hirschsprung disease in a 2-day-old infant.
Radiology 1987 Dec
PMID:Segmental intestinal muscular thinning: a possible cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. 368 45

In this report, the authors describe a case of a 2-year, 11-month-old girl with glomerulonephritis and no family history of renal diseases and deafness. Immunofluorescent studies in the renal biopsy specimens with the use of anti-sera against human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and P3 antigen (prepared from bovine GBM and inducible of Steblay's type nephritis in rats) demonstrated focal and segmental distribution of the GBM antigen(s). Electron microscopic examination revealed splitting and thinning of the GBM. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that there was no binding of Goodpasture's anti-GBM antibodies to the glomeruli. These findings are similar to those in patients with hereditary nephritis. The immunofluorescent examination of the fixation of the various anti-sera, including anti-types IV and V collagens, laminin, fibronectin, and actomyosin sera on the GBM, revealed normal reactivity. The abnormalities observed in this case may be a part of the spectrum of primary GBM defects.
Am J Clin Pathol 1986 Dec
PMID:Glomerulonephritis with focal and segmental distribution of glomerular basement membrane antigen(s). 378 68

Two children are described who developed premature epiphyseal closure while receiving etretinate for treatment of congenital hyperkeratotic disorders. The first patient was an 8 1/2-year-old boy with nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma who had been on treatment for 6 years, 4 months when premature fusion of the right distal tibial epiphysis was detected. Shortness of stature, thinning of long bones, and traumatic fractures were also observed in this patient. The second child was an 11-year-old girl with systematized verrucous nevi in whom symmetric fusion of both elbow epiphyses and narrowing of the femoral epiphyses bilaterally were noted following treatment with etretinate for 5 years, 5 months.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 Dec
PMID:Premature epiphyseal closure--a complication of etretinate therapy in children. 380 66

When retinoic acid is locally applied to the anterior margin of developing chick wing buds on ion-exchange beads, dose-dependent changes in the skeletal pattern result. At low doses, additional digits develop. At high doses, there is thinning of the symmetrical wing. Local application of retinoic acid to the apex of the bud also leads to pattern changes, but in contrast normal wing patterns are almost always obtained following application posteriorly. These effects are manifest at 6-7 days after the operation although only a brief exposure (14-20 h) to retinoic acid is required. Therefore the morphology of wing buds was studied at shorter times after the start of treatment. The local application of retinoic acid to the wing bud margin leads to changes in extent of the apical ridge that can be detected at 24 h after application. The behaviour of the apical ridge with varying doses and positions of retinoic acid application has been analysed quantitatively and dose response curves obtained. At low doses of retinoic acid, the length of the apical ridge increases or remains constant, but then progressively decreases with higher doses. The progressive obliteration of the ridge starts first near the bead and then involves more distant parts of the bud. Thus the region of the ridge affected depends on the position at which the retinoic acid is applied. We propose that these effects on the apical ridge reflect dose-dependent responses to the local concentration of retinoic acid that varies with distance from the source. At high doses, the apical ridge disappears but at low doses it is maintained. Since grafts of polarizing region tissue also have a graded effect on ridge morphology, a possible interpretation of the retinoic acid effects is that tissue adjacent to the source is converted into polarizing region tissue. Alternatively, retinoic acid may act directly on the ridge cells. The changes in the extent of the apical ridge produced by retinoic acid lead to different forms of bud outgrowth. The form of the outgrowth depends on the dose of retinoic acid, the position of application and the interaction between the effects of the local source of retinoic acid and those of the polarizing region of the host bud. These considerations give some insights into why anterior application of retinoic acid leads to the development of additional digits whereas posterior application generally gives normal wings.
J Embryol Exp Morphol 1985 Dec
PMID:Retinoic acid and pattern formation in the developing chick wing: SEM and quantitative studies of early effects on the apical ectodermal ridge and bud outgrowth. 383 26

To elucidate the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the relationship of two-dimensional echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities (asynergy) to histopathological findings was evaluated in autopsied patients including seven with DCM, five with old myocardial infarction (OMI) and three with the normal heart. The DCM cases were classified morphologically in two groups, namely four of type I and II and three of type III, according to Shozawa's classification. Three short-axis views of the left ventricle were divided into 19 segments; the wall motion was assessed visually and classified as normal motion, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. The postmortem specimens were immersed in 10% formalin; transverse sections and wall divisions were prepared corresponding to the two-dimensional echocardiographic views, and the area of each segment was determined by a computer planimetry excluding the papillary muscles and trabeculae. Fibrosis (%) was measured histologically by the point counting method with light microscopy. The results were as follows: In DCM, fibrosis (%) increased with increasing severity of asynergy: 17.1% fibrosis in normal motion; 28.7% in hypokinesis; 40.7% in akinesis and dyskinesis. In OMI, fibrosis (%) also increased with increasing severity of asynergy. On comparison of DCM with OMI, no difference was established relating to fibrosis (%) in the asynergic segments; moreover, in both groups, asynergy was detected more frequently in the segments in which fibrosis (%) exceeded 21%. On comparison of type I+II DCM with type III DCM, fibrosis (%) of type III was significantly less than that of type I+II in the same degree of asynergic segments. Moreover, fibrosis (%) of type I+II tended to be greater in the outer layer than in the inner layer, while fibrosis (%) of type III was evenly distributed throughout the myocardium, or greater in the inner layer than in the outer layer. In type I+II, wall thinning was marked with increasing severity of asynergy; in contrast, these correlations were not observed in type III. In type I+II, a higher fibrotic rate was observed in the left ventricular free wall and an abnormal Q wave appeared frequently on ECG. This tendency was not found in type III. These findings indicate that fibrosis is one of the most important factors in decreasing cardiac muscular contractility in DCM, and suggest that there is a different pathogenesis between type I+II and type III fibrosis.
J Cardiogr 1985 Dec
PMID:[Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with postmortem studies]. 384 89

The usefulness of coronal and sagittal sections of the cardiovascular system by magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated. Coronal, sagittal and transverse spin echo scans using ECG-non-gating and gating during systole and diastole were performed for five normal volunteers, 91 with heart diseases (25 valvular disease, 28 ischemic heart disease, 14 cardiomyopathies, 14 congenital malformations, four pericardial diseases, and six others) and 32 patients with aortic abnormalities (17 aneurysms, 10 dissections and five others) using a 2.5 KGauss unit. Cardiac gating necessitated six to eight min per scan, but it was mandatory to obtain clear images of the details. On the other hand, in most of the aortic abnormalities, diagnostic images were obtained by the ECG-non-gating technique which required only about 2.5 min per scan. Coronal and sagittal sections were useful for estimating the entire shape and size of each cardiac chamber and intracardiac thrombi, the extent of postinfarctional wall thinning and cardiac aneurysms, and hypertrophy or narrowing of both the ventricular outflow tracts and apex. These planes were particularly useful, and more contributory than transverse planes for detecting inferior myocardial damage such as infarction. A few coronal and sagittal scans were sufficient to diagnose extensive lesions of the aorta, such as atherosclerosis, dissections and the aortitis syndrome. Local lesions such as coarctation, supravalvular aortic stenosis, annulo-aortic ectasia and aneurysm, especially those originating in the inferior wall of the aortic arch were easily discovered. Since the main arteries, such as the innominate, left common carotid, left subclavian and renal arteries, were clearly demonstrated by coronal images, coronal scans were considered more useful than transverse ones for observing the relationship between these arteries and dissections or aneurysms of the arch and of the abdominal aorta.
J Cardiogr 1985 Dec
PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiovascular diseases: advantages of coronal and sagittal planes]. 384 98

Specular microscopy was used to measure thickness changes of stroma-endothelium preparations from rabbit corneas in vitro. The preparations were first bathed on both sides for 90 min with different bicarbonate-Ringer solutions (2 to 50 mM bicarbonate) maintained in equilibrium with 5% CO2-air (pH 6.2 to 7.9). During this equilibration, the stroma attained a stable thickness that was inversely related to the hydrostatic pressure (20 to 100 cm H2O) applied to the endothelial surface. After equilibration and at 20 cm H2O pressure, covering the anterior stromal surface with silicone oil (Dow Corning 200 dielectric fluid, 20 cs viscosity) resulted in stromal thinning. The rate of this deturgescence increased (from 5 to 75 micron/h) as the equilibration solution bicarbonate level increased from 2 to 30 mM. The net size of the thickness change was also related to the equilibration bicarbonate level. However, indirect studies on the cornea using phenol red indicator and pH electrode measurements of solutions revealed that the stromal bathing solutions became more alkaline under the silicone oil layer. CO2 is soluble in silicone oil. Implications of these CO2 and pH effects on mechanisms of corneal deturgescence are discussed.
Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985 Dec
PMID:New observations on bicarbonate-pH effects on thickness changes of rabbit corneas under silicone oil in vitro. 393 62

We examined the relationships between the changes in bone mineral deficit in the radius, determined by single-energy photon absorptiometry at standard proximal and distal sites, and in the ilium, determined by bone histomorphometry, during the treatment of osteomalacia of diverse etiology in 28 patients. In the ilium, relative osteoid volume decreased by 75-80% in both cortical bone (from 6.0% to 1.5%) and trabecular bone (from 30.1% to 6.6%) during a mean treatment duration of 2 yr. There was also a significant fall in iliac cortical porosity from 10.3% to 7.8%. As a result, mineralized bone volume increased by 7.5% in cortical and by 40.1% in trabecular bone; the cortical and trabecular increments were correlated (r = 0.69, P less than 0.001). The properly weighted increase for the entire tissue sample was 18.6%. By contrast, there was no change in bone mineral at either radial site, although there was a 2% increase at both sites when allowance was made for age-related bone loss during treatment. The proximal and distal age-adjusted increments was correlated (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001), but there was no correlation between the changes in any photon absorptiometric and any histomorphometric index. In that iliac cortical bone turnover in normal subjects was 7.2%/yr, we estimated the rate of bone turnover to be less than 2%/yr at both proximal and distal radial sites, including any trabecular bone present at the distal site. Compared to appropriate control subjects, the bone mineral deficits fell during treatment from 19.2% to 17.1% at the proximal radius (greater than 95% cortical bone) and from 20.5% to 18.5% at the distal radius (greater than 75% cortical bone). In the ilium the deficits, assuming attainment of normal values for osteoid volume and cortical porosity, fell from 41.7% to 36.1% in cortical and from 31.5% to 6.3% in trabecular bone, the properly weighted combined deficit falling from 38.6% to 27.7%. The irreversible iliac cortical deficit was entirely due to cortical thinning because of increased net endosteal resorption; the resultant expansion of the marrow cavity offset the modest loss of fractional trabecular mineralized bone. We conclude: in osteomalacia there is a large irreversible and a small reversible bone mineral deficit at both proximal and distal radial sites, in similar proportion to the iliac cortex but of smaller magnitude; the anatomic basis of the irreversible bone mineral deficit at all three sites that persists despite correction of the mineralization defect by appropriate treatment is thinning of cortical bone, most likely owing to prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism; (c) there is no evidence that the proportion of trabecular bone in the distal radius at any site proximal to the radioulnar joint has any relevance to the interpretation of measurements made at that site; (d) there are at least three functional subdivisions of trabecular bone depending on proximity to hematopoietic marrow, fatty marrow, or synovium; and (e) single photon absorptiometry of the radius is an excellent method for measuring cortical bone mass in the appendicular skeleton, but is of little value for the assessment of changes in trabecular bone status.
J Clin Invest 1985 Dec
PMID:Irreversible bone loss in osteomalacia. Comparison of radial photon absorptiometry with iliac bone histomorphometry during treatment. 407 86

This study is presented to promote prophylactic operation to prevent rebleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of unknown cause. Twenty-two cases of nontraumatic SAH of unknown cause of a total of 254 cases of SAH treated during a 5-year period (1980-1984) were available for this study. A follow-up study (4 to 61 months after treatment; median, 43 months) revealed a 4.5% mortality rate. Four patients chosen from among the 22 SAH cases underwent prophylactic operation. The decision to operate was based on repeated angiography showing regional cerebral vasospasm corresponding to a limited hyperdense area on the computed tomographic scan at the time of the onset of SAH. Microsurgery revealed a minute protrusion (less than 2 mm in diameter) or thinning of the arterial wall with old hematoma of the surrounding brain in all 4 cases, and treatment required only coating of the abnormal site. All 4 patients are now fully recovered. Frequently, abnormal changes of such cerebral arteries as the anterior communicating artery, the internal carotid artery (C-1 and C-2), and the middle cerebral artery (M-1) may occur. Therefore, the authors emphasize the necessity of surgical treatment for specific cases of SAH with an unknown cause.
Neurosurgery 1985 Dec
PMID:Prevention of rebleeding after operation for subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause. 408 Jan 28


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