Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied lung explants in submersion organ culture to examine the role of the developing fetal alveolar epithelium in the production of lung fluid. Fourteen-day-gestation fetal rat lungs were grown in a collagen gel matrix supplemented with F-12 media and 10% fetal calf serum. In this model, the lung continues to grow, secrete fluid, and become progressively cystic in morphology. There is gradual thinning of the distal epithelial layer, which is lined by alveolar type II cells and their precursors. After 6 to 8 days in culture, we impaled the cyst walls with a microelectrode and continuously recorded the transepithelial potential (psi t). Stable, baseline transepithelial potentials of -1.1 to -6.2 mV (mean +/- SEM = -3.3 +/- 0.11 mV, lumen negative, n = 34) were measured in bicarbonate-buffered Ringer's solution, suggesting active electrolyte transport. When bumetanide, an inhibitor of chloride secretion in other systems, was added to the bathing solution, psi t decreased from a baseline of -3.5 +/- 0.07 mV (mean +/- SEM) to a value of -2.2 +/- 0.07 mV, suggesting chloride transport contributes to the voltage (n = 18, P less than 0.0005). Isoproterenol hyperpolarized psi t from a baseline of -4.3 +/- 1.0 mV to -6.5 +/- 1.0 mV (n = 7, P less than 0.005). 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio) adenosine 3':5'cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) similarly hyperpolarized psi t from a baseline of -4.6 +/- 0.4 mV to -7.3 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 11, P less than 0.005). Addition of bumetanide after stimulation with isoproterenol or CPT-cAMP/IBMX depolarized psi t.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Secretion of lung fluid by the developing fetal rat alveolar epithelium in organ culture. 131 92

Isoproterenol treatment leads to endomyocardial fibrosis with muscle fibers encircled by fibrillar collagen. This study was undertaken in the rat to determine if muscle encased in collagen would subsequently become either necrotic or atrophic. For this purpose, we monitored the fibrillar nature of myocardial collagen, its alignment with muscle, and the morphology of the endomyocardium, together with the response in diastolic and systolic myocardial stiffness, immediately on completion (10 days) and 30 days after a course of subcutaneous isoproterenol (500 micrograms/kg/day). We found 1) left ventricular hypertrophy at 10 and 30 days with an increase in collagen volume fraction (p less than 0.01) that consisted of a meshwork of thick and thin collagen fibers that encircled endomyocardial muscle, 2) a variable reduction in endocardial muscle fiber diameter at 30 days with the greatest thinning seen in muscle encircled by fibrous tissue, and 3) an elevation (p less than 0.01) in the slope of the diastolic stress-strain relation at 10 and 30 days. The developed systolic stress-strain relation, which was elevated at 10 days (p less than 0.01), declined (p less than 0.05) with the reduction in endomyocardial muscle mass. Thus, endomyocardial muscle, encircled by fibrillar collagen, will atrophy over time, and this leads to a reduction in active stiffness. These findings may, in part, explain why progressive ventricular dysfunction accompanies chronic myocardial disease with endomyocardial fibrosis.
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PMID:Fibrosis-induced reduction of endomyocardium in the rat after isoproterenol treatment. 252 93

The effects of inotropic interventions upon the maximal rate of change of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and internal diameter during early diastole were measured in nine open-chest dogs by ultrasonic-dimension gauges. Isoproterenol increased the maximal rate of wall thickening during systole from 28 +/- 3 to 48 +/- 5 (SE) mm/s (P less than 0.001), whereas it had no effect on the maximal rate of wall thinning during early diastole, 40 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 4 mm/s [not significant (NS)]. Isoproterenol also increased the maximal rate of reduction of the LV diameter during systole from 87 +/- 6 to 125 +/- 8 mm/s (P less than 0.001), whereas it had little effect on the maximal rate of increase of the diameter during early diastole, 79 +/- 6 vs. 87 +/- 4 mm/s (NS). Similarly, propranolol had a direct effect on the maximal rate of wall thickening and LV diameter reduction during systole, but it had little or no effect on their counterparts during early diastole. These observations support the concept that alterations of the contractile state need not be accompanied by a concomitant effect on relaxation.
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PMID:Effect of inotropic interventions on rate of change of ventricular diastolic dimensions. 728 46

A 21-year-old man is reported in whom flap tissue was required to reconstruct the face and nose following burns. The whole of both forearms were used as radial forearm flaps for both cheeks, both lower eyelids, the right upper eyelid, upper and lower lips and chin. A Tagliacozzi arm flap and a dorsalis pedis flap were used for the nose. The ears were resurfaced using grafted skin along the line of the superficial temporal arteries. No thinning of the flaps was required and some facial muscle attachments to the forearm deep fascia led to more recovery of facial movement than might be expected with a flap reconstruction.
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PMID:Facial reconstruction after a burn injury using two circumferential radial forearm flaps, and a dorsalis pedis flap for the nose. 755 25

A 21-year-old West Point cadet presented to our institution with a history of chronic left lateral ankle instability. The initial injury occurred 5 years earlier. Physical examination results and stress radiographs were consistent with lateral instability. The patient underwent an ankle arthroscopy and lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopic findings included moderate synovitis, grade II anterolateral chondrosis, and an anterior talar osteophyte. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and returned to activity. Eleven months after surgery he presented with increased left ankle pain. On physical examination he had a stable ankle, but radiographs revealed marked loss of ankle joint space. Significant diffuse fraying and thinning of the articular cartilage noted on repeat arthroscopy were consistent with chondrolysis.
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PMID:Idiopathic chondrolysis of the ankle. 1568 73

A 21-year-old housewife presented to the authors' clinic in 2009 with recurrent papulovesicular and pustular eruptions on the index an ring fingers of the left hand accompanied by throbbing pain that had been active for the past 10 years. The condition did not respond to topical and/or systemic treatment. There was neither a personal/family history of psoriasis nor any other systemic disease. The sk surface of the patient's left hand was marked by the presence of multiple pustules located over an erythematous background, affecting th ring and adjoining middle fingers, with crusting prominent in places along the tips (Figure 1). Gram-stained smears prepared from th purulent specimen revealed Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination of the pustules did not show a fungal elements. In vitro culture of the same specimen yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus, which was found to be sensitive to almo all conventional antibiotics on aerobic culture. Sections prepared from the skin of the tip of the patient's finger showed marked epithelial hyperplasia with uniform elongation of rete ridges and supra-papillary thinning of the epidermis. There was hyperkeratosis with foci of mounds of parakeratosis. Spongiosis with neutrophilic infiltration and microabscess formation were prominent. The dermis showed perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate (Figure 2A and 2B). No organism was identified on special stains. Results from hemography and liver and renal function tests were within normal limits. The diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) was made, in keeping with the findings. The patient received ceftriaxone 1.0 g and tazobactam 125 mg by slow intravenous infusion for 3 consecutive days, following which there was complete regression of the lesions. After cessation of therapy, there was complete recurrence.
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PMID:Significance of Gram's stain smear, potassium hydroxide mount, culture, and microscopic pathology in the diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. 2198 Jul 14

Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a group of inherited disorders characterized by dysplasia of structures of ectodermal origin, clinically classified into hypohidrotic and hidrotic forms. A 21-year-old female presented with history of hypohidrosis, thinning of scalp and eyebrow hair, xerotic skin, and periorbital and perioral wrinkling. There was hypodontia and peg-shaped teeth on intraoral examination. Routine investigations were normal, orthopantomogram revealed absence of multiple teeth with peg-shaped teeth. Histopathological examination showed thinned epidermis and reduction in the number of eccrine units. Thus, the diagnosis was confirmed as Hypohidrotic ED.
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PMID:Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. 2318 Sep 27

Hemorrhagic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) insults are rare but have been reported in association with tumors, vascular malformations, and trauma. The localization of LGN lesions is facilitated by recognition of pathognomonic visual field defects. A 21-year old woman developed a sudden onset painless left homonymous horizontal sectoranopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hemorrhagic cavernous malformation of the right temporal lobe. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Humphrey perimetry findings localized the lesion to the right LGN. Specifically, OCT testing revealed a right homonymous sectoranopia pattern of hemi-retinal macular ganglion layer-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thinning contralateral to the left sided visual field defect. The OCT pattern reflected retrograde neuroaxonal degeneration from the right LGN lesion. This case highlights a unique pattern of mGCIPL thinning characteristic for a posterior lateral choroidal artery injury, affecting the LGN. These findings illustrate how functional eloquence correlates with topographical elegance in the afferent visual pathway.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic Intracranial Cavernoma Presenting as a Homonymous Horizontal Sectoranopia. 3286 69