UMLS:C0851184 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective multicenter study was designed to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion was examined in 215 patients with unexplained isolated hematuria (no proteinuria, urolithiasis, infection or systemic disorder). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium excretion greater than 4 mg/kg/day) was identified in 76 patients (35%). Compared to patients with normal urinary calcium excretion, children with hematuria and hypercalciuria were characterized by male preponderance, white race, family history of urolithiasis, gross hematuria and calcium oxalate crystals. Renal biopsies were performed in 10 patients with urinary calcium excretion 0.4 to 2.5 mg/kg/day; three had IgA glomerulonephritis, three had glomerular basement membrane thinning, one had proliferative glomerulonephritis and three were normal. Renal biopsies in three patients with hypercalciuria showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hereditary nephritis or no abnormalities. Oral calcium loading tests showed renal hypercalciuria in 26 patients, absorptive hypercalciuria in 15 patients and were not diagnostic in 35 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate and phosphorus and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were similar in the three groups of hypercalciuric patients. Urinary calcium excretion after one week of dietary calcium restriction was higher (5.8 mg/kg/day) in renal hypercalciuria than in other hypercalciuric patients (3.4 mg/kg/day), P less than 0.01. One to four years follow-up was available for 184 patients. Eight of 60 hypercalciuric patients developed urolithiasis or renal colic compared to 2 of 124 patients with normal urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). Hypercalciuria is commonly associated with isolated hematuria and represents a risk factor for future urolithiasis in children with hematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Idiopathic hypercalciuria: association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 240 91

Adult laying domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were forced fed lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) 20 mg/kg body weight daily, thrice/week and twice/week for 8 weeks. Significant shell thinning (18-21%) was observed in ducks with daily and thrice/week lindane feeding. SEM studies of thinned eggshells revealed reduced and tightly clustered mammillae with apparent decrease in intermammillary spaces and signs of inhibition of calcite formation. Such structural changes of thinned shells were associated with a significant reduction in the level of calcium both of the plasma and of shell gland of the ducks. Simultaneously, density of the pore in the shell and pore area/cm2 of the shell in these birds were drastically reduced, presumably because of total absence of 'large' pores in such shells. Such porosity change is suggestive of reduced conductivity of eggshell implying impaired hatching success. Diethyl stilboestrol post-treatment neutralized all the adverse effects of lindane on duck eggshell, indicating induced estrogen deficiency in such birds by lindane.
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PMID:Effect of lindane on eggshell characteristics and calcium level in the domestic duck. 243 94

Intracoronary administration of anticardiac cytotoxic serum increased the sarcolemma passive permeability for Ca2+ ions and reduced the activity of Na+-Ca2+ and Na+,K+-ATPase exchange in dogs. Electronic microscopy revealed thinning of glycocalix, destabilizing of the sarcolemma phospholipid bilayer, and development of intracellular oedema. Disturbances of the sarcolemma structure and function seem to be able to cause the development of cardiac insufficiency of immune origin.
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PMID:[Disordered ion-transport processes in the cardiomyocyte membranes in the immune action on the heart]. 245 77

To explore relationship between hypertrophy of left ventricle and its shape, blood supply and calcium turnover, the study enrolled 105 male patients with ischemic heart disease or those suspected of its presence. All patients underwent contrast coronary ventriculography, M-mode echocardiography and sectorial scanning. Moderately limited myocardial blood supply was found to be a factor, stimulating its local hypertrophy. In the event of severely impaired blood supply, no substantial myocardial hypertrophy is detectable in corresponding regions, while dynamic observation not infrequently reveals thinning of the wall. Patients with intact coronary arteries, and having more elongated shape of left ventricular cavity, demonstrate larger thickness of walls along the long axis, that is probably due to dependence of intramyocardial tension on the radius of the wall curvature. While performing ventriculography in the patients with hypertrophic myocardium, disclosed elevated level of calcium in the blood and enhanced calcium uptake by cardiac muscle versus patients without left ventricular hypertrophy.
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PMID:Significance of left ventricular shape, its blood supply and calcium turnover for evolving myocardial hypertrophy. 252 3

Preservation solutions for short-term storage of isolated donor corneas for use in penetrating keratoplasty have all been based on tissue culture medium, on the assumption that media designed to maintain the viability of cells at physiological temperatures will also provide suitable conditions for preservation at reduced temperatures. But for hypothermic preservation of some other tissues and organs, when ionic pumps are inhibited, it is unnecessary to support metabolism, and beneficial control of ion and water distribution between intra- and extracellular compartments is achieved by storage in appropriately formulated 'intracellular-type' solutions. We have therefore designed a solution that will restrict ionic imbalances and minimise endothelial cell swelling in corneas during exposure at reduced temperatures. This potassium-rich solution contains the biological pH buffer TES as an impermeant anion and is designated CPTES (corneal-potassium-TES). The structural and functional integrity of rabbit corneas stored at 0 degrees C in CPTES, without the addition of colloid osmotic agents, is compared with that of corneas stored in glutathione bicarbonate Ringers' solution (GBR), an 'extracellular-type' medium formulated for the maintenance of endothelial integrity during in-vitro perfusion at 34 degrees C. Corneas swelled significantly less during storage in CPTES than in GBR and could be stored for five days before reaching the same degree of hydration as corneas stored for only three days in GBR. Gross structural integrity and endothelial ultrastructure were maintained during storage for three and five days in CPTES. The rate of thinning of corneas stored in CPTES was significantly greater than in comparable groups of corneas stored in GBR. However, the efficient dehydration of corneas stored in CPTES was always preceded during perfusion by a brief period of additional swelling which was shown to be an osmotic response during the elution of the buffer compound TES that had permeated the stroma during storage. The omission of calcium or the addition of adenosine and glutathione to the CPTES preservation medium had no detectable effect on the integrity of the endothelium, but the omission of bicarbonate was beneficial, producing significantly higher rates of stromal thinning during normothermic perfusion. Additional benefits for extending storage by including colloid osmotic agents are described in a companion paper.
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PMID:Hypothermic preservation of corneas in a hyperkalaemic solution (CPTES): I. Short-term storage in the absence of colloid osmotic agents. 281 86

Electroretinographic and cyclic nucleotide metabolism studies have established that low-level lead exposure during early postnatal development results in long-term selective rod deficits. To determine whether there was a corresponding selective rod photoreceptor cell degeneration we examined retinas of adult rats exposed to low-level lead during development using light and electron microscopy. In all retinal regions, a rod but not cone cell degeneration was observed. Overall, 20% of the rod cells were lost. Moreover, two specific regional differences were found. Degeneration was much greater in the inferior (-25%) than superior (-15%) retina and greater in the posterior (-22%) than peripheral (-17%) retina. The latter pattern indicates a central-peripheral gradient of degeneration. Total retinal thickness decreased 15-20%, which reflects cell loss in the outer and inner nuclear layers. Ultrastructurally, the most obvious lead-induced alterations were swollen and disorganized rod outer segments and large accumulations of beta-glycogen particles in rod photoreceptor mitochondria. Glycogen accumulations were heaviest in rod inner segment mitochondria followed by rod axon and synaptic terminal mitochondria. Possible cellular mechanisms of action responsible for these lead-induced retinal alterations include an inhibition of retinal cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and the resultant elevation of cyclic GMP, an inhibition of intermediary metabolism, and/or an alteration in calcium metabolism. In addition, the thinning of the inner nuclear layers could be due to transneuronal degeneration. As noted in our preceding paper, the first possibility has been demonstrated in rats similarly exposed to lead. These quantitative histological results, in combination with the ERG and biochemical results in the preceding paper, demonstrate that low-level lead exposure during early postnatal development produces long-term selective rod functional deficits and degeneration.
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PMID:Rods are selectively altered by lead: II. Ultrastructure and quantitative histology. 283 12

Calvariae from small animals have been an important source for in vitro studies of bone. However, few in vivo studies have been undertaken on quantitative cell changes in calvariae. In the present study of mineral perturbations, rats were first deprived of calcium. After 18 days endosteal osteoclasts and nuclei/osteoclast in the parietal bone had increased 120% (P less than 0.001) and 26% (P less than 0.001), respectively, the marrow space had increased 141% (P less than 0.001), and the bone area experienced a 49% decrease (P less than 0.001). This thinning and weakening of the calvaria was accompanied by a compensatory increase in the number of endosteal osteoblasts (297%, P less than 0.001). These rats were then replenished with calcium, and after 14 days the number of endosteal osteoclasts had decreased to 86% (P less than 0.001) below the control and the endosteal surface was almost completely covered by osteoblasts (866% above the control, P less than 0.001). Bone area was increased by 51% (P less than 0.01). Similarly, in calcium-deficient rats in the tibial diaphysis at the fibular junction, the number of endosteal osteoclasts and the medullary space increased 1606% (P less than 0.001) and 63% (P less than 0.001), respectively, which were accompanied by a 32% decrease (P less than 0.001) in cortical bone area. After calcium replenishment, most endosteal osteoclasts in the tibial diaphysis disappeared from the endosteal surface and were replaced by osteoblasts (increased 487%, P less than 0.001). These results indicate that changes in bone cell activity in response to calcium deficiency are similar in calvariae and long bones, and that mobilization of calcium from the calvaria during calcium deficiency occurs at the expense of the protective action of the calvaria. Therefore, long bones as well as membranous bones are apparently important for the maintenance of mineral homeostasis.
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PMID:In vivo calvarial bone cell responses to dietary perturbations and the implications for mineral homeostasis. 292 53

Some metal ions, e.g. Hg2+, Cd2+ and Al3+, can have the effects as ecotoxicological agents, of causing eggshell thinning and breakage in birds. In a homogenate of the Ca2+-secreting part of the eggshell gland mucosa, a study was made of the influence of Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, methyl-Hg+, Zn2+, V3+, Al3+ and Ni2+ in different concentrations on the rate of ATP-dependent 10(-4) M Ca2+ binding. All compounds had an inhibitory action. The most potent metal (Hg2+) produced 50% inhibition (IC50) at 1.1 X 10(-6) M, whereas this value for the least potent compound (Ni2+) was 9 X 10(-4) M. The specific Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity was also inhibited by the tested metal ions. In all cases except methyl-Hg+ the IC50 for this activity was lower than that for Ca2+ binding. The most potent ion in this respect was Cd2+, with an IC50 of 8 X 10(-8) M, and the least potent was methyl-Hg+, with an IC50 of 1.4 X 10(-3) M. Pb2+ and Cd2+ in a concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-4) stimulated the Mg2+-ATPase activity, however, to almost the same extent as 10(-4) M Ca2+. A possible explanation for this effect is that these ions may have an affinity for sites of Ca2+ binding of the polypeptide calmodulin and thereby influence the Ca2+ metabolism of the shell gland mucosa.
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PMID:Effect of some metal compounds on the Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity of eggshell gland mucosa homogenate from the domestic fowl. 294 86

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a diverse clinical and pathophysiologic disorder of unknown cause that principally involves the left ventricle and is manifested as asymmetric or concentric hypertrophy. If asymmetric, the hypertrophy is usually greatest in the ventricular septum, but variations occur in which the hypertrophy may be maximal at the mid-ventricular level, at the apex, or rarely, in the free wall of the left ventricle. Right ventricular involvement is usually less evident. The principal abnormality in systole is the obstruction to left ventricular outflow caused by systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior or posterior mitral leaflet(s) with mitral leaflet-septal contact. SAM occurs as the result of the Venturi forces created by the rapid ejection of blood through an outflow tract that is narrowed by upper septal hypertrophy, drawing the mitral leaflet(s) anteriorly. The time of onset and duration of mitral leaflet-septal contact determine the magnitude of the pressure gradient. Mitral regurgitation invariably accompanies the obstruction to outflow. Ventriculomyectomy surgery, by thinning the septum and widening the outflow tract, abolishes the abnormal mitral leaflet motion and, consequently, the obstruction to outflow and the mitral regurgitation. In symptomatic patients with resting obstruction this form of surgery more dramatically relieves the systolic abnormalities and the accompanying symptoms than any form of medical therapy currently available. The extent of hypertrophy is believed to be the principal determinant of impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased chamber stiffness that characterize diastole in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diastolic dysfunction is common to most such patients irrespective of the presence or absence of outflow obstruction. Calcium entry blockers may improve the left ventricular relaxation process and relieve symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly the subgroup with no obstruction to outflow. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are responsible for a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality, and their prevalence appears to depend on the presence of obstruction and the extent of hypertrophy. Thus, the major manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in systole and diastole, as well as the disturbances in rhythm, appear to be related to the site and/or extent of the hypertrophic process. We have learned much about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the 30 years since its modern description. The vast majority of symptomatic patients can now be improved with specific medical or surgical therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 306 84

We have shown that orchidectomy in postpubertal 55-day-old rats led beyond 2 months to a decrease in bone growth and loss of weight. At 1 month postorchidectomy, we observed a three-fold increase in bone blood flow, an increase in calcium accretion rate, and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the metaphysis. In the present experimental study, orchidectomy was performed in 1-year-old rats when bone growth in length was no longer measurable. In the tibia and femur we observed a decrease in bone volume, a still more rapid decrease of bone calcium during the first postoperative month, a thinning of the cortical width, an initial increase in calcium accretion rate (+20% when compared to 31 days controls) followed by a decrease at 120 days (-22% and -11% when compared to controls for tibia and femur respectively), a 29% increase in bone blood flow, and an increase in the number of osteoclasts. We conclude that androgen deprivation in young and old animals leads to a modified bone architecture, independent of the androgen impact on bone growth.
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PMID:The effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in aging rats. 309 Dec 24

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