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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subjects with chronic alcoholism are associated with a higher prevalence of bone fractures, compared with age-matched controls. However, the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteopathy remains poorly understood. In this study, the bone cells activities and the bone matrix were studied using different techniques such as bone morphometry, scanning electron microscopy and computer reconstruction. Male patients (N = 20), aged 59.1 +/- 10.1 years, presenting a chronic decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, were admitted into this study. A histomorphometric analysis of a transiliac bone biopsy was done after a double tetracycline labeling of the bone. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study was performed on eight out of the 20 patients on an additional biopsy. The bone mass was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients. A marked defect in the osteoblastic function was observed with reduced osteoid parameters, lower mean wall thickness, and slower bone formation rate leading to a thinning of bone trabeculae. Conversely, trabecular resorption surfaces were markedly increased. SEM examination of bone biopsies was also consistent with delayed and impaired osteoblastic activity leading to extended and scalloped resorption surfaces covered by unusually thin layers of calcified collagen fibers. The reduced osteoblastic activity associated with normal osteoclastic function appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic osteoporosis leading to decreased bone mass with thinner trabeculae.
J Stud Alcohol 1991 May
PMID:Alcoholic cirrhosis and osteoporosis in men: a light and scanning electron microscopy study. 204 77

Pregnant rats were exposed to either ethanol (total dose 18 g/kg) on gestational days 14 and 15 or whole-body ionizing radiation (0.5 Gy) on gestational day 15. On gestational day 16, 24 h following the last dose of ethanol or exposure to ionizing radiation, the developing cerebral cortex of the fetus was examined histologically. Ionizing radiation caused extensive cell death within the fetal cerebral cortex whereas ethanol caused more subtle morphological changes such as cortical thinning and petechial intraventricular hemorrhages. These findings suggest that ethanol, unlike ionizing radiation, acts by some mechanism other than cell death to cause cortical thinning and cortical malformations. The pathogenesis of ethanol-induced cortical dysgenesis may include fetal hypoxia and inhibition of neuroblast proliferation within the developing cerebral cortex.
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PMID:Acute response of the fetal telencephalon to short-term maternal exposure to ethanol in the rat. 232 51

Morphology of the cerebral cortex was studied in fetuses on gestational Day 21 following oral administration of several doses of ethanol (for total doses of 10, 15, or 18 g/kg) to pregnant rats on gestational Days 14 and 15, a critical period for the development of the cerebral cortex. All doses of ethanol were associated with a reduction in maternal weight gain, fetal body weight, and placental weight. Only the high dose of ethanol (total dose 18 g/kg) caused significant fetal cortical thinning. Acute exposure of pregnant rats to ethanol produced dose-dependent malformations of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in fetuses. On gestational Day 21, the 18 g/kg group contained fetuses with severely disorganized cortical architecture, heterotopias of the cerebral cortex, pia and choroid plexus, and status verrucosus deformis. Fetuses from the 10 g/kg group had less severe malformations, such as disorganization of layers of cortical neurons and dentate granule cells while fetuses from the 15 g/kg group had a mixture of severe and minor malformations. This study demonstrates that acute ethanol exposure during a critical period of development in rats can result in brain malformations similar to those reported in human fetuses and neonates from alcoholic mothers.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1988 Dec
PMID:Prenatal brain malformations following acute ethanol exposure in the rat. 306 46

Cardiac depression in the isolated rat heart perfused with 4% ethanol was correlated with intracellular phosphate energetics and tissue water distributions. Energy metabolites were assessed using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlated to the mitochondrial redox state using epicardial surface fluorometry. Changes in myocardial water compartmentation were measured by using 1H NMR spectroscopy with an extracellular chemical-shift reagent (DyTTHA) and correlated to results of 2D echocardiography (2DE). During alcohol perfusion there was a significant decrease in developed pressure and in coronary flow. No change was seen in ATP, PCr, pHi, Pi, or NADH. After withdrawal of alcohol from the perfusate cardiac function reverted to control values without a depletion of energy levels. During alcohol perfusion 1H MRS showed a marked redistribution of water from the intra- to the extracellular space, corresponding to a 35% left ventricular wall thinning confirmed by 2DE. The results indicate that acute alcohol cardiac depression is related to a dehydration of myocardial cells, but is not associated with intracellular acidosis or energy depletion.
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PMID:31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of acute alcohol cardiac depression in rats. 317 69

The effects of topical chemotherapy of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) on the lesions of mycosis fungoides were evaluated in 7 patients, ranging in age from 44 to 79 years old. Either 0.2% or 0.4% concentration of ACNU, in ointment and ethanol was used. 0.4% ACNU ethanol solution was effective in bringing the plaque lesions under satisfactory control with a complete clearance. ACNU was painted two to three times a week with a maximum dose of 50mg. Irritation and erosion of the applied areas were the major side effects, which were however, controlled by topical steroid ointment. No serious side effects of marrow and liver function were found even when ACNU was applied as long as 40 months (total ACNU dose: 16 gm). Histologically the cleared lesions revealed the thinning of epidermis, almost complete loss of lymphocytic infiltrates and fibrosis of dermis which was density infiltrated by lymphocytes prior to the ACNU therapy. Thus, topical chemotherapy of ACNU appears to be encouraged for modifying the plaque lesions of mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:[Topical application of ACNU for the treatment of mycosis fungoides]. 696 47

This study evaluated the effect a food simulating solution, 75% v/v ethanol/water, and an artificial saliva, Moi-Stir, have on the microstructure and on the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of three dentine bonding agents (Tenure, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Optibond). The microstructure was examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DTS data were analysed using ANOVA and the Tukey LSD test. The microstructural observations were compared with changes in DTS. The SEM observation revealed deterioration of all bonding agents due to conditioning in the solutions for 30 days. The different solutions appeared to cause different reactions in the bonding agents. However, these effects may be exaggerated due to the presence of an air-inhibited surface layer. Those conditioned in Moi-Stir showed swelling. The presence of filler particles in the Optibond bonding agent appears to decrease the deterioration resulting from soaking. Materials conditioned in ethanol exhibited both dissolution and thinning. Diametral samples of each bonding material were tested after being conditioned in the above-mentioned solutions for 1, 7, 14 and 30 days. Conditioning significantly decreased the DTS of all bonding agents, except Optibond in Moi-Stir. Filled Optibond maintained its DTS longer than did the two unfilled bonding agents. The decrease in DTS of all the ethanol-conditioned groups is a function of the square root of time (P < 0.001) and conforms to Fick's laws of diffusion. The filled Optibond showed a lower ethanol diffusivity (0.5 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1) than the other two unfilled bonding agent systems (average 1.2 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1) (P < 0.05). The high ethanol diffusivities were thought to be due to the presence of HEMA, a hydrophilic resin, in the bonding agent. These results also suggest that solution uptake occurred through the resin matrix. Filler particles may therefore play an important role in weathering resistance of these materials to oral environment solutions. The physical appearance and strength of dentine bonding agents are significantly altered by exposure to oral environment solutions.
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PMID:Effects of food/oral simulating fluids on microstructure and strength of dentine bonding agents. 873 49

A brain image averaging technique was applied to three-dimensional magnetic resonance images to identify visually detectable brain volume abnormalities in chronically alcoholic men, compared with healthy control men. This technique, which was based on pixel-by-pixel statistical probability mapping, revealed a dramatic reduction in the area of the corpus callosum in older alcoholics (age 45 years or older), relative to age-matched controls. Subsequent analysis used anatomical landmarks to outline the borders of midsagittal sections of the corpus callosum in a larger group of alcoholics and controls, who spanned the adult age range from 23 to 71 years. This analysis revealed significant reduction, most prominent in the genu and body, of total callosal area in the alcoholic group relative to the control group; the results were the same whether raw area measures or head size plus age adjusted measure were analyzed. Significant thinning of the callosal body in alcoholics is usually attributed to the relatively rare, nutritional-deficient condition, Marchiafava-Bignami disease. However, callosal thinning was present in vivo in chronic alcoholics without clinical symptoms of severe liver disease, amnesia, or alcoholic dementia. These data suggest that chronic alcoholism can be characterized by a continuum of graded brain dysmorphology, rather than classical alcoholic-related subsyndromes, such as Marchiafava-Bignami disease.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 Jun
PMID:Thinning of the corpus callosum in older alcoholic men: a magnetic resonance imaging study. 880 Mar 95

Three groups of polyurethane central venous catheters (CVC) were infused daily for twenty days with 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid, 70% ethanol and normal saline (control) respectively to look for any changes in microscopic structural integrity. A 1 cm segment was cut from the distal end of each CVC daily. All sections were examined in a scanning electron microscope, looking for evidence either of damage to the lumen surface or of wall thinning. No significant damage to the lumen surfaces was observed with either treatment. Sporadic fine surface-pitting appeared late in the study without any clear temporal or treatment-related pattern. The mean CVC wall thickness did not change significantly over the study period (P = 0.15). Qualitative softening of ethanol treated catheters was observed, and this finding limits the recommendations for the use of ethanol. 0.1N HCl does not compromise the structural safety of the catheters, and its use should be considered when polyurethane CVC. become occluded.
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PMID:Polyurethane central venous catheters, hydrochloric acid and 70% ethanol: a safety evaluation. 928 75

Thermotrophic and structural effects of ethanol on phosphatidylserine (PS) membranes were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. It was found that up to 15% (v/v) added ethanol, there is little change in the melting temperature of the phospholipid and no change in the interbilayer (d) spacing in the gel phase, indicating that there is no interdigitation of the hydrocarbon chains. Above the melting temperature of the phospholipid, a large decrease of the d spacing, due primarily to a decrease in the thickness of the bilayer, was found. Ethanol molecules located in the headgroup region apparently expand the area available to the headgroups with concomitant coiling of the acyl chains, resulting in marked thinning of the lipid layer.
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PMID:The effect of ethanol on the structure of phosphatidylserine bilayers. 968 67

Reports on effects of ethanol intake on the kidneys and bones are few. Circulation of blood through the kidneys is large in amount; kidney takes water-soluble exogenous substances and their metabolites in from the blood and accumulates them in the cells and interstitial tissues; in addition kidney plays important roles in producing substances that activate a living body and associating with their functions. The author let male and female ICR mice take 16% ethanol (Sake) ad lib for 472 days beginning at the age of 38 days. Observations were carried out on renal tissues and other organs which have some connection with the renal function. These included bones (femur, knee joint, tibia), muscle (gastrocnemius), 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 and erythropoietin (EPO). The results were as follows: Renal tissue observations: Significantly more cases of appearances of basophilic renal tubular, swelling of tubular epithelial cells and urinary casts in tubular lumens, PAS positive deposits in glomerulus, and atrophy of glomerulus were seen in the ethanol groups than in a group used as the control. These occurrences were significantly clear and intensive relative to those in the control. Findings in gastrocnemius: Significantly large number of muscle atrophy, random variation of fiber size and multinucleated fibers were seen. Observations on bones based upon soft X-ray pictures: Bone atrophy, thinning of bone trabeculae, thinning of bone cortex, and porosity of bone cortex were disclosed significantly more than the control. Values of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 and EPO were significantly high increased in the ethanol groups relative to the control. Through the above-mentioned results, it has been supposed that ethanol intake affects kidney tissues and consequently affects bones and muscles.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term ethanol administration on the kidneys, bones and muscles of mice]. 1002 28


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