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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of corneal hematomas initially manifested as corneal blood staining, but were further complicated by the presence of persistent epithelial defects and stromal thinning. Both cases occurred following cataract surgery. Scanning electron and light microscopic examination in the second case demonstrated a loss of keratocytes, stromal collagen breakdown, and epithelial cell degeneration over the center of the hematoma. Large corneal hematomas may cause epithelial degeneration by functioning as barriers to nutrients and metabolic factors from the anterior chamber. Unlike corneal blood staining, conservative treatment is often insufficient therapy for corneal hematomas with associated persistent epithelial defects. Complications from epithelial defects, including corneal thinning, descemetocele, and perforation, may necessitate more aggressive treatment, even surgery. An epithelial defect overlying blood staining should suggest the presence of a corneal hematoma.
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PMID:Corneal hematoma. 638 43

Intrasellar arachnoid cyst is very rare. We report a case of intrasellar arachnoid cyst and review 15 cases which were previously reported. A 58-year-old male was admitted for evaluation of visual disturbance on April 24, 1981. Neurological examination revealed bilateral decreased visual acuity, optic atrophy and bitemporal hemianopsia. X-ray film of the skull showed a balloon-shaped sella turcica with thinning of the cortex of the sella floor. Axial and coronal CT scan showed a cystic lesion with water-density occupying the intrasellar and suprasellar region. After administration of contrast medium, no enhancement was noted. Bilateral carotid angiographies demonstrated that the carotid siphons were stretched and displaced laterally, the A1 portions of the anterior cerebral arteries were raised. Pneumoencephalography revealed the upward displacement of the floor of the third ventricle indicating the presence of the suprasellar mass. On May 7, 1981, the sella turcica was reached via the transsphenoidal rhinoseptal approach. A cyst with a white colored thin wall which contained water-like fluid was encountered, and a biopsy was taken of the cyst wall. The roof of the cyst pulsated downward and ruptured spontaneously. Cerebrospinal fluid flowed out. The cavity was filled with muscle and adipose tissue. Postoperative course was uneventful during the first few days and the visual disturbance improved. On the fourth postoperative day cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred, but it subsided in nine days. The patient was discharged on June 26 with satisfactory improvement of visual field and visual acuity. Histological examination of the biopsied specimen revealed arachnoid membrane consisting of collagen fibers and scattered cells. Symptoms, signs and radiological findings of the intrasellar archnoid cyst are similar to that of various sellar lesions including pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma and the other space occupying mass in the sellar region. Intrasellar arachnoid cysts can be treated by a transsphenoidal approach as well as a subfrontal approach with craniotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of intrasellar arachnoid cyst]. 646 41

Fibroblasts were cultured on top of or at the bottom of hydrated collagen lattices. Shortly after initially interacting with the collagen lattices, fibroblasts appeared to attach to individual collagen fibrils and in many cases cell processes were found wrapped around clusters of collagen fibrils. Tension generated by cells during spreading resulted in proximal collagen fibrils becoming aligned distal in the plane of spreading and more densely packed. During subsequent culture, the collagen fibrils to the cells underwent a similar reorganization and the lattice thinned to one-tenth of its original thickness. The rate of thinning was similar regardless of whether the cells were originally above or at the bottom of the lattices. The presence of cells distributed throughout the lattice was unnecessary for lattice reorganization to occur. When the lattices were allowed to come off the underlying substratum, compaction of the collagen gels was observed, and the resulting matrix had the typical appearance of dermis as observed by both light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibrils associated with the cell surface often appeared to be under tension and, in regions of close fibril binding, there was a prominent reorganization of submembranous microfilaments. It is suggested that reorganization of the collagen lattice by fibroblasts may depend upon secreted cell factors as well as physical forces generated by the cells.
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PMID:Reorganization of hydrated collagen lattices by human skin fibroblasts. 654 Feb 73

Seventeen patients with peripheral corneal thinning and ulcers (four with Mooren's corneal ulcer, five with Terrien's marginal degeneration, and eight with collagen vascular disease) were tested for immune complexes in their serum. Circulating immune complexes, measured by Raji cell and C1q binding assays, were compared with levels in serum samples from normal controls and seven patients with staphylococcal marginal corneal ulcers. Comparison with normal controls showed significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes in patients with collagen disease by the C1q binding assay and in patients with Mooren's ulcer by the Raji cell assay. Circulating immune complexes may play a role in the pathogenesis of Mooren's ulcer and marginal ulceration in the presence of collagen vascular disease. Their presence, however, may represent an epiphenomenon nonspecifically associated with corneal ulceration.
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PMID:Presence of circulating immune complexes in patients with peripheral corneal disease. 660 Jun 9

These investigators have previously developed a model for inducing aortic aneurysms by administering theophylline or caffeine to embryonic chicks. This report describes light-microscopic and ultrastructural changes in aortic walls of theophylline-treated embryos relative to saline-treated controls. Light-microscopic examination of areas of permanent aortic dilatation revealed thinning of the medial layer due to a marked decrease in the number of medial cells. Electron-microscopic observation of aortic walls with aneurysms revealed widely scattered medial cells with scanty cytoplasm containing poorly developed microorganelles, a markedly widened intercellular space with dispersed elastic and collagen fibers in the tunica media, and a disruption of endothelial cells. It is suggested that the induction of aortic aneurysms by theophylline in chick embryos may be attributed to two factors: 1) atrophy and subsequent hypoplasia of the aortic media possibly resulting from an elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which inhibits mitosis in medial cells, and 2) altered hemodynamics due to the action of theophylline on the embryonic heart.
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PMID:Light- and electron-microscopic observations of theophylline-induced aortic aneurysms in embryonic chicks. 661 41

Angiographic examinations of shin blood vessels were carried out in 11 patients of 2 1/2 to 16 years with congenital false joints, and in 3 of these patients also pathomorphological and ultrastructural studies of the bone and cartilage tissue from the false joint area were performed. The deepest disorders of the blood supply were found at the level of the false joint. Dysplastic changes in the bone consisted in disorders of normal osteogenesis and atypical development of the cartilage, thinning of the bone structures, ultrastructural invalidity of osteocytes and insufficient mineral saturation of the organic matrix. Dystrophy of chondrocytes and deficient ultrastructure of collagen fibrills were noted.
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PMID:[Dysplastic changes in the development of bone tissue in congenital pseudarthrosis]. 666 Oct 72

There are many references in the surgical literature to apparent lack of scarring after cryosurgery. This has been investigated experimentally by comparing the effects on the skin of four freeze-thaw schedules commonly used in clinical practice with those of maximal cryosurgical injury. Absence of damage to collagen is described, and it is proposed that this is an important factor in the often cited lack of scarring. Changes in skin thickness over a 6-month period are described, and obvious scarring after severe injury and long-term dermis thinning after less severe injury are reported. Evidence is presented that epidermal cells and fibroblasts differ in their susceptibility to low-temperature damage.
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PMID:Wound healing and scarring after cryosurgery. 671 45

The effects of systemic cortisol treatment on the biophysical and biochemical properties of skin were investigated. Rats were injected sc with cortisol for 14, 60 and 120 days and samples of lumbar skin were studied. Corticosteroids exert a biphasic effect on the strength of skin: 1) a relatively fast increase in the strength and stability, caused by an increased collagen cross-linking and 2) an inhibited collagen synthesis which ultimately results in a thinning of the skin and a decrease of collagen content consistent with clinical observations. The thermal stability is increased indicating an increased proportion of thermostable cross-links in skin collagen. No changes are observed in the percentage type III collagen with respect to type I collagen. Increased amounts of glucose attached to the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the collagen are found after long-term treatments, an alteration which may play a role in hampering the tissue functions.
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PMID:Changes in mechanical properties, thermal stability, reducible cross-links and glycosyl-lysines in rat skin induced by corticosteroid treatment. 681 40

Experimental aortic intimal thickening has been induced in rabbits by sheathing the vessel with a polyethylene cuff. The alterations have been examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, during 12 months. An irregular intimal thickening develops as soon as the 15th day and includes numerous myofibroblasts with some other cells of monocytic or endothelial type. Microfibrils, elastic aggregates and collagen fibers are found in the intercellular space. Simultaneously, the media undergoes a fragmentation of the elastic laminae and the adventitia shows a capillary angiectasis and a granuloma. After 3 months there is, between the intimal smooth muscle cells, a progressive increase of elastic and collagenous material. In the media, elastic break up becomes more frequent after the 4th month and myocytes appear increasingly atrophic, which facilitates the extension of fibrosis. This is accompanied at times by a thinning of the arterial wall with or without localized disappearance of the media. All these modifications are discussed and compared to what we had previously found in the femoral artery [12].
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PMID:The evolution of experimental endarteritis in the rabbit abdominal aorta. Light and transmission electron microscopy. 681 12

Corneas of fetal and young albino rabbits were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, DNA and hydroxyproline content were measured in developing stroma. The results were compared with similar data from healing corneas in adult rabbits and from developing corneas of other animal species. In the fetal rabbit, the prospective corneal stroma region contains an unorganized, sparse extracellular matrix until about the 13th day of gestation, when mesenchymal cells and capillaries from the hyaloid vessels move in to form the vascular pupillary membrane, endothelium, and stroma. Stromal growth is due to alteration in the density and morphology of the cell population early in development, along with a sequential thickening and thinning of the whole stroma. These events are similar to those reported in primates, but differ markedly from those reported in avian species. Normal developing cornea and healing adult cornea both involve migration of stomal fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. Stromal fibroblasts in the rabbit fetus are oriented with their long axis parallel to the corneal surface early in development compared with randomly oriented fibroblasts in the early healing wound of adult rabbit corneas. Although collagen and cell number progressively increase throughout the developmental periods studied, the ratio of cells to collagen is high initially but decreases with development. In contrast, the proportion of cells to collagen in the young scar tissue of adult cornea is low initially, indicating a marked deposition of collagen in comparison to that in the early normal developing stroma. The results suggest that the healing tissue differs from the normal fetal stroma in its coordination of cell population growth with collagen deposition and cellular organization.
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PMID:Morphogenesis of rabbit corneal stroma. 684 Oct


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