Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytostatic effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; an oral luteohormone preparation) on two cell lines of ovarian carcinoma cultured in vitro (SHIN-3 and MN-1) was studied. At the same time, changes in the morphology and colony formation of these cancer cells after exposure to the drug were examined. 1) The doubling time of SHIN-3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase was prolonged 2.5 times at a MPA dose of 10(-8)M and 3.2 times at a MPA dose of 10(-5)M. The drug, however, exerted no significant cytostatic effect on MN-1 cells. 2) When the IC50 of MPA was assessed by counting live SHIN-3 cells in an FCS-added medium, it was 2.7 x 10(-5)M. When the same assessment was done with a medium without serum, IC50 was 6.4 x 10(-6)M. 3) After 120 hours of incubation in a medium containing 10(-8)M of MPA, CA125 (a tumor marker) production by SHIN-3 cells was suppressed by 35%. The suppression rate was 79% for SHIN-3 cells incubated in a medium containing 10(-5) of MPA. 4) The cytoplasm of SHIN-3 cells, incubated in a MPA-added medium, showed the formation of small mucous vacuoles and expansive degeneration, accompanied by a marked increase in size and thinning of the nucleus. 5) In an experiment on colony formation with collagen gel, the colony size decreased MPA concentration dependently, and was accompanied by the appearance of lobulated colonies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Antiproliferative actions of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro]. 131 10

This is a descriptive review of the histological changes in the endometrium in the presence of IUDs: inert, copper, progesterone and levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs. All IUDs evoke a foreign body reaction to some degree, and trauma at the sites where the IUD bears on the surface of the endometrium. The foreign body reaction is an inflammatory response characterized by infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages throughout the endometrial tissue, the intrauterine space and on the IUD surface. Copper IUDs stimulate more leukotaxis, principally of PMN leukocytes. At the site of impression of the IUD, endometrial surface layers are eroded down to the basement membrane, more so with larger IUDs. There are defects in vascular epithelium, hemorrhages unchecked by hemostasis, and also direct bleeding from the ulcerated areas in contact with the IUD. Progesterone medicated IUDs elicit a decidual reaction and a thinning of the surface endometrium associated with distinctive dilated, thin-walled vesicles, a response that becomes stable over 6 months, according to the dose of progesterone released. Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs, in contrast, produce a profound, uniform suppression of cyclic gland and endothelium development within 1 month. Clinically, levonorgestrel IUDs cause less spotting. No dysplastic or malignant changes have been reported under the influence of IUDs, and normal structure and function of the endometrium returns about a month after an IUD is removed.
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PMID:Endometrial morphological changes in IUD users: a review. 311 92

The current literature on the transmission of HIV and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, IUDs, spermicides, and the female condom was reviewed. Some of the methodological difficulties involved study design (observational studies, cross-sectional, case control, and prospective studies) and confounding factors (age, marital status, sexual partners). The impact of OC use on HIV transmission is likely to be minor, but some factors contributing to transmission include cervical ectropion, which enhances HIV transmission. Nevertheless, in a 1990 Nairobi study of 4404 women no such association was detected. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been risk factors in HIV transmission. OCs that decrease irregular bleeding may protect against HIV. Progestin-only pills could act on the risk of HIV transmission by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the vaginal epithelial layer. 21 epidemiological studies were identified on the use of OCs and transmission. Except for a 1990 Nairobi study among prostitutes none of them reported a significant association between OC use and HIV seropositivity. Injectables (Depo Provera) could theoretically increase HIV transmission, but no such conclusive evidence has surfaced. Increased risk of transmission or seropositivity has been reported with IUD use, but this needs confirmation by prospective studies. Among spermicides the nonoxynol-9 sponge slightly increased HIV seroconversion in 139 sex workers in Nairobi in a 1992 study. However, this trial was contradicted by other prospective studies conducted in Cameroon and Zambia. Nonoxynol-9 kills HIV but also damages the cervical and vaginal mucosa enhancing HIV transmission. In 1992 in vitro activity in 26 out of 131 other spermicides screened inhibited HIV. The female condom was tested in 104 women in a 1993 prospective study in the US and no recurrences of trichomonas occurred in 20 women who used it consistently over a 6-week period. More prospective epidemiological studies are needed, and the risk of HIV infection should be part of counseling on contraceptives.
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PMID:Contraceptive methods and the transmission of HIV: implications for family planning. 820 68

A homologous series of hyperbranched polyesters (HBPEs) was successfully synthesized via an esterification reaction of 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) with pentaerythritol. The molecular weights of the HBPEs were 2160, 2660, 4150 and 5840 g/mol, respectively. These HBPEs were used as additives to prepare polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber membranes via non-solvent induced phase separation. The characteristic behaviors of the casting solution were investigated, as well as the morphologies, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the PSf membranes. The results showed that the initial viscosities of the casting solutions were increased, and the shear-thinning phenomenon became increasingly obvious. The demixing rate first increased and then decreased when increasing the HBPE molecular weight, and the turning point was 2660 g/mol. The PSf hollow fiber membranes with different molecular weights of HBPEs had a co-existing morphology of double finger-like and sponge-like structures. The starting pure water contact angle decreased obviously, and the mechanical properties improved.
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PMID:Structure and Properties of PSf Hollow Fiber Membranes with Different Molecular Weight Hyperbranched Polyester Using Pentaerythritol as Core. 3204 41