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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the influence of glucose infusate administered with insulin and potassium on left ventricular function during 4 h of ischemia, as well as mechanism of action, four groups of intact anesthetized dogs were studied. Acute regional ischemia was induced with a balloon tip catheter in the left anterior descending artery and infusates were begun after 20 min of ischemia. A threefold increase of plasma glucose concentration was associated with improved left ventricular function during ischemia, compared to animals receiving isovolumic saline. There was a significant decline of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure associated with elevation of stroke volume and ejection fraction to control levels, as determined by indicator dilution. In a separate subgroup studied by cineangiography, shortening of the ischemic anterior wall, after an initial decline, was increased in response to glucose but there was no evidence of extension of injury. Ischemic tissue exhibited a smaller gain of water as well as Na+ per gram dry weight as compared to ischemic controls. On precordial electrocardiogram mapping there was a significant decrease in the sigmaST (sum of ST elevation) as well as NST (number of ST segment elevations), but the reduction of R wave amplitude was not different from controls. To further evaluate long-term effects, eight controls and six treated animals underwent myocardial ischemia and were sacrificed after 4 mo. Calculated area and weight of scar, as well as degree of wall thinning, were similar in both groups. The glucose-treated animals had a significant decrease of plasma FFA in contrast to controls which manifested a significant rise. To examine the postulate that the decrease in FFA was important to therapeutic action, a third group was infused with Intralipid (Cutter Laboratories, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.) and heparin, simultaneously with the glucose infusate, to effect an elevation of plasma FFA during ischemia. Changes in myocardial function and electrolyte composition, as well as precordial electrocardiogram mapping, were similar to that of animals receiving glucose alone. Because serum osmolality was increased approximately 40 mosmol during the glucose infusion, the potential role of hyperosmolality was assessed by infusion of 20% mannitol during acute ischemia in a fourth group. After a transient small increase, there was a moderate decline in function by 4 h, suggesting that the response to glucose is not dependent upon extracellular osmolality. Thus, it is concluded that during the initial hours after the onset of myocardial ischemia the glucose infusate improves ventricular performance without evidence of arrhythmia induction or intensification of ischemic injury. Evolution of irreversible necrosis appears to be delayed rather than prevented under the circumstances of this study.
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PMID:Sustained effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial performance during regional ischemia. Role of free fatty acid and osmolality. 65 87

After intralamellar implantation of Teflon-membranes (4,0 mm/0,125 mm) without perforation there is an epithelial thinning over the membrane after 6 days, after 15 days metachromatical staining over the membrane is reduced, after 21 days there is a central defect of the cornea over the membrane and after 28 days the membrane is pushed out of the cornea. When Teflon-membranes (4,0 mm/0,125 mm) are inserted with one central perforation or three perforations of 1 mm epithelial thinning, reduced metachromasia and defects of the cornea over the membrane occurred later. But even these membranes are pushed out of the cornea after some time. The results with thinner Teflon-membranes (4.0 mm/0.05 mm) do not show much difference. The reason for the reduced metachromasia of the cornea over Teflon-membranes seems to be a lower rate of syntheses of glycosaminoglycanes because of the reduced glucose content in this part of the cornea. As the experiments with the intracorneal control-pockets without implantation of a Teflon-membrane show, wound-healing is not responsible for the reduced metachromasia over the membrane.
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PMID:[Corneal changes after implantation of intralamellar teflon-membranes (author's transl)]. 78 46

Intestinal absorption and intraluminal pressures were measured at perfusion rates between 0.3 and 200 ml per min in the rat ileum in vivo. Glucose absorption from a 72 mM glucose solution and tritiated water ([3-H]water) diffusion rate were used to reflect changes in mucosal surface area. Glucose absorption from a 4 mM solution was used to indicate changes in unstirred water layer thickness, and mannitol and urea absorption were used as markers of passive mucosal permeability. In a partially obstructed intestinal segment, designed to keep the gut partially filled even at low perfusion rates and to minimize surface area change as perfusion rate was increased, glucose absorption from a 4 mM solution increased by 150% as perfusion rate was increased from 1 to 100 ml per min. Forty per cent of this increase was due to increased surface area (estimated from the change in [3-H]water absorption), and 110% of the increase is attributed to thinning of the unstirred water layer. Because mannitol absorption was zero at all perfusion rates, none of the enhanced glucose absorption rate need be attributed to enhanced mucosal permeability, even though intraluminal pressure was increased at higher perfusion rates. Urea absorption was apparently influenced by surface area and by permeability changes, but not by the thickness of the unstirred water layer. This model was also used to explore the effect of unstirred water layer thickness on the inhibitory effect of sodium replacement by magnesium on glucose absorption from a 4 mM glucose solution. Inhibition by sodium removal was equal at 1, 10, 100, and 200 ml per min perfusion rates, suggesting that unstirred water layer thickness does not play an important role in the interaction of glucose and sodium absorption when intraluminal sodium concentration is reduced. Additional experiments in an unobstructed ileal segment revealed that the major effect of enhanced perfusion rate is to increase mucosal surface area; relatively high rates of perfusion were required to thin significantly the unstirred water layer when intestinal outflow was not partially obstructed.
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PMID:Effect of perfusion rate on absorption, surface area, unstirred water layer thickness, permeability, and intraluminal pressure in the rat ileum in vivo. 113 32

As a reaction of the epidermis subsequent upon contact with urea, a thinning is ascertainable 5 days later, for which corresponding enzymological and autoradiographical findings cause to presume the DNA being the working point. Further information about the mechanism of this reaction was obtained first by short time tests, whence by means of 3H thymidine autoradiography not later than the second day after contact with urea a decreased number of cells synthesizing DNA in the stratum basale were to be secured. These findings obtained using the model of the guinea-pig's ear are also ascertainable in the human skin, an unspecified effect, also to be released by other non-electrolytes, having been excluded by controls of glucose replacing urea. The quick invasion of urea into the epidermis, deducible from the short time tests, was proved by 14C traced urea, ascertainable not later than 15 min after its contact with the skin amongst the blood - even if in little activity. Hence, the urea enters into the cutis speedily, releasing there a disturbance in the process of the epidermal proliferation, which conducts in the sequel to an epidermal thinning.
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PMID:[Investigations on the mechanism of the activity of urea upon the epidermis (author's transl)]. 125 64

Bone and calcium metabolism was investigated in genetically obese, diabetic db/db mice and compared with that in a new hypoglycemic agent (AS-6) treated db/db mice and in their lean litter mates as controls. The 5-week-old db/db mice (serum Ca 9.88 +/- 0.22 mg/dl, glucose 258.6 +/- 13.3 mg/dl) were randomly divided into two groups. One group, together with their lean litter mates, was fed a commercial diet (CE-2). The other db/db group was fed CE-2 diet containing 0.1% of AS-6. Both groups were fed for 20 weeks. The serum glucose and calcium levels in db/db control groups (serum Ca 12.3 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, glucose 650.2 +/- 23.9 mg/dl) were higher than those in lean control groups (Ca 9.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, glucose 180.7 +/- 10.1 mg/dl). The wet, dry and ashed weights of the femur in db/db control were significantly lower and the length of femur in db/db control was significantly shorter than those of lean controls. These data suggest that retarded bone growth in db/db mice is related to progression of diabetes. Although, there was no change in Ca/P, Ca/ash and total perimeter in femurs, the cortical area in the femurs of db/db control mice (0.65 +/- 0.02 mm2) was significantly smaller than that of the femurs of lean control mice (0.74 +/- 0.02 mm2). The cortical bone thinning observed in the db/db control could have been caused by increased bone resorption. Treatment with AS-6 for 20 weeks resulted in a 48.6% decrease of serum glucose and 5.2% decrease of calcium as compared with db/db controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Altered bone metabolism in db/db mice]. 143 49

Rabbits maintained on a persistent high sugar diet eventually develop diabetes mellitus with a marked decline in glucose tolerance, but no studies have been conducted on the associated bone changes in these high sugar diet-induced diabetic rabbits (HSDD-R). Radiographs have revealed a significant thinning of the femoral cortex of these rabbits with markedly decreased bone mass. Scanning electron microscopy of the femoral cortex using the freeze-fractured technique have revealed the loss of a typical structure of Haversian canals and the surrounding concentric and radiating lamellar bones and also the loss of fibrous components in the section. The border created by the cement line was indistinct and resulted in amorphous changes. Formation of heterogenous bundles of fibrous components different from the usual reticular structure was seen within the subendothelial space of the Haversian canals. These results indicate that qualitative changes can apparently occur in the bone along with the development of osteopenia in the diabetic state.
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PMID:Osteopenic changes in high sugar diet-induced diabetic rabbits (HSDD-R). 184 21

To identify the presence of viable myocardium in areas of severe systolic dysfunction, we studied 22 patients (age 45 to 78 years) with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 29 +/- 9%). All subjects underwent thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using the reinjection technique, positron emission tomography (PET) with H2(15)O and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to measure regional blood flow and exogenous glucose uptake, respectively, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). From matched transaxial PET, SPECT and MRI tomograms, a total of 290 left ventricular myocardial regions were analyzed. According to the regional wall thickening, measured from MRI, 3 groups of myocardial regions were identified: akinetic-dyskinetic (n = 60), showing either absence of systolic thickening or systolic thinning; hypokinetic (n = 97), showing an absolute wall thickening less than or equal to 2 mm; normal (n = 133), showing an absolute wall thickening greater than 2 mm. Of the 60 akinetic or dyskinetic regions, 3 were normal by SPECT and 37 corresponded to either a total or partially reversible thallium defect: 34 of these 40 regions also showed presence of FDG uptake by PET. The remaining 20 akinetic or dyskinetic regions showed a thallium defect that remained irreversible after reinjection: in 7 of these 20 regions, however, there was evidence of metabolic activity, as expressed by FDG uptake. Thus, 47 (78%) of the myocardial akinetic or dyskinetic regions showed presence of viable tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Identification of viable myocardium in patients with chronic ischemic disease and left ventricular dysfunction: correlations between blood flow, metabolic activity and regional function]. 193 59

Antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is characteristically described with linear deposition of IgG along the GBM. We report two unusual cases of IgA and IgM anti-GBM disease associated with diffuse thinning of the GMB, and review the literature on atypical immunoglobulin species in this disorder. Both patients were male, aged 55 and 49 years, and presented with isolated microscopic haematuria, neither having shown evidence of impaired renal or pulmonary function on follow-up for 4 and 6 years respectively. Renal histology revealed minor focal mesangial changes only, but immunoperoxidase preparations demonstrated intense linear staining of the GBM with IgA in one case, and IgM with C3 in the other. On electron-microscopy there was diffuse thinning of the GBM in both cases, mean thickness 220 and 295 nm respectively (normal range 350-450 nm). Antinuclear antibodies were not detected and their glucose tolerance tests were normal. Assays for circulating IgG anti-GBM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were negative in both patients, although IgA anti-GBM antibodies with specificity confirmed by inhibition studies were identified in the first case. Thin GBMs in these patients may expose the Goodpasture antigen to toxic or infectious insults, thus altering its antigenic profile and promoting this unusual immune response.
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PMID:Atypical antiglomerular basement membrane disease associated with thin membrane nephropathy. 212 24

This study defines gross, histopathologic, and radiologic changes associated with intervertebral disc degeneration in a spontaneously occurring form of the disease in aging sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Sand rats (male/female) fed lab chow supplemented with desert salt bush were sacrificed at periods of 3-30 months. Lateral thoracolumbar spine films were obtained. At sacrifice, spines were surgically exposed and gross findings were recorded; after fixation/decalcification, histopathologic studies were carried out using hematoxylin and eosin, and Safranin-O with fast green counterstain. Metabolic studies included correlations of pathologic and radiologic findings with blood glucose and insulin levels. Disc-space narrowing and subchondral endplate sclerosis increased radiologically with age, with more severe lower lumbar disc lesions. Ligamentous calcifications ventral to involved discs and caudal vertebrae were common. Disc thinning and anterior vertebral bony/cartilaginous spurs were more marked with age. Microscopy revealed loss of nucleus pulposus physaliform cells, chondrocyte replication, disc necrosis, and ossification. Hyperglycemia with and without hyperinsulinemia was common. No statistically significant differences in pathologic findings were noted, neither in diabetic versus nondiabetic nor in hyperinsulinemic animals. The sand rat is a model of disc degeneration; similarities with possible overlap with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis syndrome were noted.
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PMID:Spondylosis in sand rats: a model of intervertebral disc degeneration and hyperostosis. 218 1

The effect of hydrocephalus on cerebral glucose utilization as reflected by deoxyglucose uptake has been examined in rats with inherited hydrocephalus at 10, 20, and 28 days after birth using a semiquantitative method. Injection of [14C]deoxyglucose intraperitoneally was followed by freezing the brain, sectioning, and quantitative autoradiography of 10 brain regions. Brain [14C] concentration, cortical thickness, and plasma glucose concentrations were measured. Maximal thinning of the cerebral cortex had already occurred by 10 days after birth, although obvious symptoms such as gait disturbance developed after 20 days. In control rats, the cerebral isotope concentration was lower and more homogeneous at 10 days than at 20 or 28 days, which may be a reflection of the use of metabolic substrates other than glucose in younger animals. In order to make comparisons between control and hydrocephalic groups, tissue isotope concentrations were normalized to cerebellar cortex which was not affected by the hydrocephalus at any age. In hydrocephalic rats at 10 and 20 days, the concentration of [14C] was lower in all areas except the inferior colliculi and pons but the reduction was only significant in the sensory-motor cortex at 10 days and in the caudate nuclei at 20 days. By 28 days after birth, all areas except the cerebellum (six cortical regions, inferior colliculi, pons, and caudate) had significantly lower isotope concentrations in the hydrocephalic group. It is concluded that cerebral glucose metabolism is significantly reduced by 28 days after birth in H-Tx rats with congenital hydrocephalus and that less marked reductions occur prior to 28 days.
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PMID:The uptake of [14C]deoxyglucose into brain of young rats with inherited hydrocephalus. 291 63


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