Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the subchondral bone architecture of the femoral head in relation to trabecular microfracture. Three groups of femoral head specimens were studied. Twenty-eight specimens taken during hip replacement had grade III or IV arthrosis (70 +/- 8 years). From autopsy, 40 femoral heads were obtained, 18 in a group greater than 50 years of age (72 +/- 10 years) and 22 in a group less than 50 years of age (25 +/- 11 years). None of these 40 heads had worse than grade II arthrosis. Coronal slices of the femoral heads were macerated and examined under a dissecting microscope to count trabecular microfractures. For bone histomorphometry, blocks were taken from the subchondral principal compressive and tensile trabeculae. The bone volume, trabecular thickness, and marrow space were quantified. In the subchondral principal compressive region, the arthrotic group had more bone volume, thicker trabeculae, similar trabecular space, and trabecular microfractures when compared with the group greater than 50 years old. In the tensile region, there were no differences except for decreased trabecular microfracture number in the arthrotic group. With the thinnest trabeculae in the compressive region occurring in the greater than 50 years old group, the trabeculae of the younger age group have thinned with age, but with the onset of arthrosis, the thinning is overtaken by pathologic thickening of trabeculae.
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PMID:Microfractures in coxarthrosis. 240 78

Benign osteoblastoma accounts for less than 1% of the primary bone tumors and the calvarial lesion is extremely rare. There are only 12 reported cases in the literature as far as we could collect. We have presented a case of benign osteoblastoma originated from the parietal bone. This 9-year-old boy struck his head on the parietal region and noticed the bulging at the same site. A month later he visited to Fukuoka University Hospital because of persistent bulging of the same site. Neurological examinations were normal. Plain skull roentgenogram on Towne view showed radiolucent area in the midline of parietal bones with irregular margins and in tangential view the outer table revealed thinning and expanding. Coronal CT scan demonstrated same abnormality and intact inner table. The tumor was located within the dipole in the bilateral parietal bones and was removed by a simple curettage. The microscopic feature showed numerous osteoblasts, osteoblastic rimming and many multinucleated giant cells. These indicated a typical benign osteoblastoma. He has been doing well one year after the operation without any evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:[Benign osteoblastoma of the parietal bones]. 304 Dec 99

The ability of magnetic resonance to determine regional left ventricular function was investigated in 18 patients--13 with coronary artery disease (nine with previous infarction), one with congestive cardiomyopathy, one with mitral stenosis, one with an atrial septal defect, and two without detectable cardiac abnormality. Coronal magnetic resonance images were acquired through the aortic valve and sagittal images were acquired in the plane of widest diameter of the left ventricle seen in the coronal image, both at end diastole and end systole. Regional wall motion assessed by magnetic resonance was compared with the results of anteroposterior and left lateral x ray ventriculograms by two independent observers. The left ventricular wall was divided into three segments in each plane and the motion of the segments was classified as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, or dyskinetic. Muscle thickness was measured in each segment of the magnetic resonance images and was considered to be abnormal if in the systolic images it was less than 75% of that in neighbouring segments or if it failed to increase by at least 25% between diastole and systole. Wall motion assessments by the two methods agreed in 68 of 105 segments analysed, but differed by one class in 32 segments and by two classes in five segments. The differences can be explained by the conditions under which the investigations were performed and by the disparity between a tomographic section and an x ray projection. Magnetic resonance showed 25 segments to have abnormal wall thickness. Only one patient with infarction did not have an area of wall thinning and no patient without infarction had an area of thinning. It is concluded that magnetic resonance allows an accurate non-invasive assessment of left ventricular wall motion and thickness.
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PMID:Assessment of regional left ventricular function by magnetic resonance. 376 12

The usefulness of coronal and sagittal sections of the cardiovascular system by magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated. Coronal, sagittal and transverse spin echo scans using ECG-non-gating and gating during systole and diastole were performed for five normal volunteers, 91 with heart diseases (25 valvular disease, 28 ischemic heart disease, 14 cardiomyopathies, 14 congenital malformations, four pericardial diseases, and six others) and 32 patients with aortic abnormalities (17 aneurysms, 10 dissections and five others) using a 2.5 KGauss unit. Cardiac gating necessitated six to eight min per scan, but it was mandatory to obtain clear images of the details. On the other hand, in most of the aortic abnormalities, diagnostic images were obtained by the ECG-non-gating technique which required only about 2.5 min per scan. Coronal and sagittal sections were useful for estimating the entire shape and size of each cardiac chamber and intracardiac thrombi, the extent of postinfarctional wall thinning and cardiac aneurysms, and hypertrophy or narrowing of both the ventricular outflow tracts and apex. These planes were particularly useful, and more contributory than transverse planes for detecting inferior myocardial damage such as infarction. A few coronal and sagittal scans were sufficient to diagnose extensive lesions of the aorta, such as atherosclerosis, dissections and the aortitis syndrome. Local lesions such as coarctation, supravalvular aortic stenosis, annulo-aortic ectasia and aneurysm, especially those originating in the inferior wall of the aortic arch were easily discovered. Since the main arteries, such as the innominate, left common carotid, left subclavian and renal arteries, were clearly demonstrated by coronal images, coronal scans were considered more useful than transverse ones for observing the relationship between these arteries and dissections or aneurysms of the arch and of the abdominal aorta.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiovascular diseases: advantages of coronal and sagittal planes]. 384 98

Gravid Nya:NYLAR mice, infected with Toxoplasma gondii on gestation day 7, experienced embryo resorptions, abortions, stillbirths, and a reduction in average litter size by one-third. Postnatally, all congenitally infected pups showed growth retardation, cachexia, and hind limb weakness. Some pups developed necrotic petechiae on the ears and tail, and a blood-tinged nasal discharge. Coronal sections of the cerebellum at age 1 month revealed developmental abnormalities including: persistence of remnants of an external granular layer; fragmented and disoriented Bergmann glial foot processes; numerous ectopic granule cells stranded in the molecular layer; focal disorganization and edema of the Purkinje cell layer; and thinning of the internal granular layer. Our working hypothesis is that the cerebellar anomalies originated with parasite invasion of the fetal vascular endothelium leading to vasculitis and microcirculatory dysfunction, perivascular edema, perfusion impairment, and tissue anoxia. In the cerebellar folia, the cellular migration defects are attributed to edema-induced swelling and fragmentation of the Bergmann glial foot processes that guide migrating neurons, whereas the focal loss of Purkinje and granule cells is ascribed to hypoxia-ischemia. Although Toxoplasma cysts were detected in the cerebellum, morphologic evidence of parasite association with neuropathology was not obtained.
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PMID:Cerebellar anomalies in congenital murine toxoplasmosis. 1210 72