Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) may cause incurable visual impairment due to neural regeneration limits. Methane was shown to exert a protective effect against IRI in many organs. This study aims to explore the possible protective effects of methane-rich saline against retinal IRI in rat. Retinal IRI was performed on the right eyes of male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were immediately injected intraperitoneally with methane-saturated saline (25ml/kg). At one week after surgery, the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), total retinal thickness, visual function were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining, FluoroGold anterograde labeling and flash visual evoked potentials. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), caspase-3, caspase-9, B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in retinas were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As expected, methane treatment significantly improved the retinal IRI-induced RGC loss, total retinal layer thinning and visual dysfunction. Moreover, methane treatment significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG, 4-HNE, MDA) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) in the retinas with IRI. Meanwhile, methane treatment significantly increased the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) expression and decreased the pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) expression, accompanied by the suppression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Thus, these data demonstrated that methane can exert a neuroprotective role against retinal IRI through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways.
 ...
PMID:Methane attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways. 2720 96

In marine pollution monitoring, the biomarkers recorded in sentinel organisms are influenced by natural confounding factors that may jeopardise their interpretation. Among these confounding factors, little is known about the influence of sex along the annual reproductive cycle. The present investigation aims at contributing to understand how sex and sex-related differences in gamete development progression impinge on biomarker baseline values and on biomarker responsiveness to pollution in sentinel mussels. Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected from a relatively clean locality and from a chronically polluted site in the Basque Coast (Bay of Biscay) in January, April, August and November. Sex and gametogenesis stages were determined for each mussel. Tissue concentration of metals and PAHs was analysed. A battery of biomarkers was investigated: cytochrome c oxidase, pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase enzyme activities; levels of protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; lysosomal enlargement and membrane stability; intracellular neutral lipid accumulation; cell type composition and thinning of the digestive gland epithelium; and survival-in-air. Sex- and reproductive stage-related differences were found in bioaccumulation and in the values and responsiveness of most of the biomarkers. However, the patterns of sex-related differences were not consistent across all biomarkers. The differences in the biomarker responses between females and males also depended on the season, reflecting the progression of the gametogenesis cycle. Thus, selecting mussels of one specific sex does not seem to be a crucial requisite to carry out biomarker-based monitoring; yet, it is highly recommended to identify sex condition and gamete developmental stage of each mussel to test for the potentially confounding effects of sex, reproductive status and sex-related variability along the reproductive cycle.
 ...
PMID:Sex and sex-related differences in gamete development progression impinge on biomarker responsiveness in sentinel mussels. 3256 16