Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Unstable plaques are undergoing thrombosis which, in most instances, is due to fissuring and rupture of the plaque cap. This process (deep intimal injury) is a complication of plaques with a lipid-rich core. The cap tear allows blood to enter the core from the lumen, leading initially to intraplaque thrombosis and, subsequently, in some cases intraluminal thrombosis. Cap tears reflect the interplay between the force exerted on the tissue and its inherent mechanical strength. Factors which elevate and concentrate circumferential wall stress on the cap during systole include an increasing proportion of the total plaque volume occupied by the lipid core, thinning of the cap and a loss of internal collagen struts within the core. Factors which lead to an inherent reduction in the mechanical strength of cap tissue include a reduction in collagen and glycosaminoglycan concentrations, an increase in the number and density of macrophages, and a concomitant reduction in smooth muscle cells in the cap tissue. It is therefore possible to define a vulnerable plaque as one in which the lipid core is disproportionately large, the cap thin, and in which monocytes preponderate over smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Lipid and cellular constituents of unstable human aortic plaques. 794 74

Reperfusion that is too late to salvage ischemic myocardium reduces early infarct expansion, and captopril therapy favorably alters long-term left ventricular remodeling. To study whether the beneficial effects of these two therapies are additive, we examined the effects of captopril therapy after late reperfusion on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 67) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: group 1, sham surgery and no treatment; group 2, left coronary artery ligation and no treatment (myocardial infarction [r MI]); group 3, left coronary artery ligation, reperfusion 2 hours later, and no treatment (late reperfusion [LR]); and group 4, left coronary artery ligation, reperfusion 2 hours later, and captopril treatment (LR-Cap). Captopril therapy (2 gm/L of drinking water) was begun in the LR-Cap group in the immediate post-operative period and continued for 20 days. Twenty-one days postoperatively, hemodynamic measurements were made before and after volume loading. The rats were killed, their hearts were removed, and passive pressure-volume curves were obtained. The hearts were then fixed at a constant pressure for morphometric analysis. Compared with the MI group, the LR group had a lower expansion index and a higher thinning ratio. There were no differences in hemodynamics, left ventricular volumes, or other morphometric indexes between the two groups. Compared with the MI and LR groups, the LR-Cap group had lower peak left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, lower left ventricular volume, lower left and right ventricular weights, and a leftward shift of pressure-volume curves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of captopril therapy after late reperfusion on left ventricular remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction. 815 12

Controlling the nasal tip in terms of definition, projection, and rotation requires a firm platform for subsequent scar contracture, healing, and skin thinning. Complications from tip surgery are diverse and range from symmetry, unnatural appearance, graft problems (migration, infection, extrusion), and issues with function. Implants are a large part of untoward results at the tip, and this article will focus on common complications that arise. In general, substantial projection should be pursued with a caudal extension graft rather than simple columellar strut. Compressive forces at the tip are formidable and the caudal septum, or simpler suture techniques, will often not hold up. Cap grafts and tip grafts that are used for projection or definition must be carefully camouflaged, irrespective of the thickness of the overlying skin. Even ethnic patients with thick skin will often reveal the edges of their grafts after several years. Alloplastic implants can be used but only after careful deliberation of risks and alternatives.
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PMID:Complications found in Asian tip surgery. 2256 75