Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies into sporting mouthguards have been mainly attitudinal or epidemiological. The aim of the present study was to build an impact rig to measure the impact absorbed by mouthguard materials of various thicknesses. The acceleration of the pendulum of the rig was measured and used to calculate the force transmitted to the materials. Impact tests were also performed on three commercially available mouthguard materials. Tests showed that the force transmitted through mouthguard materials was inversely related to the material thickness. Mouthguard construction techniques with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics should be monitored to avoid occlusal thinning especially on the incisal edges. Thinning results in reduction in the protection offered by the mouthguard.
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PMID:Forces transmitted through EVA mouthguard materials of different types and thickness. 861 45

Poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) latex dispersions are prepared and their films investigated with a focus on the effect of composition upon redispersion. Films of dispersions containing sufficient amounts of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be redispersed in water. This property is lost in the presence of surfactant, a fact which suggests a procedure to control film formation. It is demonstrated that redispersion is due to a PVA-membrane which separates the particles. Loss of redispersibility in the presence of surfactant proceeds with the breakup of the membranes and a corresponding change of film properties. Experimental data is provided by light microscopy, mechanical testing, and TEM in conjunction with a staining method new to the field. The hypothesis is developed that interaction with surfactant leads to imperfect PVA-membranes that are no longer able to prevent latex polymer interdiffusion. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of surfactant micelles, as well as the simultaneous adsorption and aggregation of PVA onto the micelles. It is concluded that the competing surface of the surfactant micelles traps enough PVA to cause thinning and fragmentation of the membranes surrounding the particles, which enables interdiffusion of latex polymer. This effect can be used to convert the system from one forming a redispersible coating to one forming a nonredispersible (permanent) film. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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PMID:Film Formation and Redispersion of Waterborne Latex Coatings. 1070 97

It is important that mouthguards have an adequate thickness of material if they are to be effective in the prevention of trauma. The aim of this study was to quantify dimensional changes that occur on thermoforming ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets used in the construction of mouthguards. Fourteen batches of 3 mm thick sheet EVA were thermoformed over dental models under a number of common processing conditions including, model height, inclination, shape and model temperature, model position on thermoforming platform, plasticizing time and evacuation method. Thickness of thermoformed material was determined at anterior and posterior sites and measurements were compared to determine the magnitude and patterns of stretching collectively and within each processing condition. Overall, sheets of 3-mm EVA stretched by 52% during the thermoforming conditions tested. Incisal/cuspal sites were found to be significantly thinner when compared with all other locations measured. A number of thermoforming conditions were demonstrated to have a significant effect on the degree to which the EVA material stretched. For the combination of materials and equipment tested in this study, current thermoforming practices may cause excessive thinning of EVA in critical areas including incisal edges and cusp tips, thereby reducing the protective effect for professionally made mouthguards. To optimize protection in vulnerable areas, it is important that clinicians distinguish between EVA sheet thickness and the cross-sectional dimensions achieved in the finished mouthguards. They need to be specific in their prescription of the thickness of material they require especially in critical areas.
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PMID:Post thermoforming dimensional changes of ethylene vinyl acetate used in custom-made mouthguards for trauma prevention--a pilot study. 1848 84