Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two children are described who developed premature epiphyseal closure while receiving etretinate for treatment of congenital hyperkeratotic disorders. The first patient was an 8 1/2-year-old boy with nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma who had been on treatment for 6 years, 4 months when premature fusion of the right distal tibial epiphysis was detected. Shortness of stature, thinning of long bones, and traumatic fractures were also observed in this patient. The second child was an 11-year-old girl with systematized verrucous nevi in whom symmetric fusion of both elbow epiphyses and narrowing of the femoral epiphyses bilaterally were noted following treatment with etretinate for 5 years, 5 months.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 Dec
PMID:Premature epiphyseal closure--a complication of etretinate therapy in children. 380 66

The response of mouse ear epidermal transglutaminase to single applications of anthralin, retinoic acid (both 59 micrograms/ear) or fluocinolone acetonide (2 micrograms/ear) was determined. Anthralin and retinoic acid caused inflammation and accumulation of epidermal protein and DNA, whereas fluocinolone acetonide resulted in ear thinning and decreased epidermal protein and DNA. Treatment with either anthralin or retinoic acid caused increases in absolute amounts of epidermal transglutaminase activity/ear. Anthralin increased this parameter 70-100% above acetone-treated controls from 48 hr through 7 days. Retinoic acid-treated ears showed a slower initial increase but peaked at 4 times control level by 96 hr before returning to normal at 7 days. Fluocinolone acetonide treatment had no effect on this parameter. The specific activity of epidermal transglutaminase (total epidermal transglutaminase/total soluble epidermal protein) was decreased by retinoic acid treatment; was maintained at normal levels by anthralin (except for the 7-day point where it decreased 50%); and was dramatically stimulated by fluocinolone acetonide. In the latter case, specific activity was more than 5 x control by 96 hr and still near this level at 7 days. Epidermal transglutaminase activity is a marker of differentiation, and protein and DNA accumulation an indication of growth. Thus, at the doses studied, retinoic acid favors growth over differentiation, anthralin maintains a normal to near normal ratio of growth to differentiation, and fluocinolone acetonide strongly favors differentiation over growth.
J Invest Dermatol 1982 Sep
PMID:The effect of topical drugs on mouse ear epidermal transglutaminase activity. 612 46

Pieces of human skin maintained their viability, grew and differentiated for at least 10 days in chemically defined (serum-free) culture conditions. Physiological concentrations of hydrocortisone, added to the cultures, were shown to cause thinning of epidermis, which was due to decreased rate of epidermal proliferation. The relative volume of normal, orthokeratotic stratum corneum with underlying granular cells was increased concomitantly with epidermal thinning. The present findings show that even small concentrations of the hormone influence epidermal cell proliferation and suggest that hydrocortisone has a physiological role in keratinization. The possibility of using human skin culture in the assessment of the antiproliferative and atrophogenic action of synthetic glucocorticoids is discussed.
Br J Dermatol 1981 Oct
PMID:A histometric and autoradiographic study of hydrocortisone action in cultured human epidermis. 617 Mar 2

We have investigated the effect of ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation on the density of epidermal ATPase-positive Langerhans cells, and the modulation of this effect by indomethacin (IND). Depilated backs of albino guinea pigs were exposed to varying doses of UVB (10-550 mJ/cm2). Skin biopsies were taken serially. There was an UVB dose-dependent decrease in the density of dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells, as identified by their membrane ATPase activity. This was accompanied by thinning and shortening, or disappearance of dendritic processes. Such changes were followed by a gradual recovery of the cell density to preirradiation level by day 21. Despite the high doses of UVB given, the maximal decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells was only 58%. Topical application of IND, a prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor, after irradiation resulted in a decrease of the erythema; however, the decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells was still observed. In contrast, guinea pigs that received IND topically prior to irradiation showed a decrease erythemal response, but failed to show any decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells. Administration of IND orally for 3 days prior to UVB exposure did not prevent the decrease in the cell density. The protective effect of topical IND, applied prior to irradiation, may be explained by its in vitro absorbance at both the UVB and UVA ranges. Topical application of IND 20 min prior to exposure to UVB in 2 human subjects resulted in an increase in the minimal erythema dose, giving a sun protection factor of 1.6, which is comparable to that produced by an equimolar concentration of para-aminobenzoic acid solution. The sun-protective property of IND, together with its activity as a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indicate that it potentially could be a useful sunscreen agent. Its clinical safety and efficacy, however, remain to be determined.
J Invest Dermatol 1983 Nov
PMID:Effect of indomethacin on alteration of ATPase-positive Langerhans cell density and cutaneous sunburn reaction induced by ultraviolet-B radiation. 622 48

A 69-year-old man had reversible generalized thinning of the scalp hair and normal-appearing scalp skin that proved to be secondary to follicular mucinosis. This case illustrates that when mild degrees of follicular degeneration and inflammation occur in this disorder, physical findings other than alopecia may be absent. In rare instances, follicular mucinosis can occur as a chronic diffuse noncicatricial alopecia.
Arch Dermatol 1984 Apr
PMID:Alopecia mucinosa. Report of a case with diffuse alopecia and normal-appearing scalp skin. 623 Oct 3

We have evaluated a number of diluted and undiluted topical corticosteroid preparations in terms of vasoconstrictor potency, clinical efficacy and skin thinning effects. We conclude that, for the materials tested so far, an area under the curve measurement obtained from serial readings of the vasoconstrictor assay allows reasonably accurate predictions to be made concerning the relative clinical efficacy and skin thinning potential of these agents. If further work with a wide range of topical corticosteroids confirms our findings, the value of the vasoconstrictor assay as a predictive model will be enhanced.
Br J Dermatol 1984 Jul
PMID:An assessment of the relationship between vasoconstrictor assay findings, clinical efficacy and skin thinning effects of a variety of undiluted and diluted corticosteroid preparations. 637 45

The growth and differentiation of epidermal cells in vitro show a marked dependence on the calcium concentration of the medium. In this study the effect of experimentally produced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on the rat epidermis in vivo has been investigated. Hypercalcaemia, induced by injections of calcium chloride, produced a decrease in epidermal labelling index and some epidermal thinning. On the other hand hypocalcaemia, induced by calcitonin, failed to lead to changes in these measurements. The diurnal variation in epidermal labelling index and serum calcium levels was also measured. Whilst the labelling index decreased considerably over the period 09.00 hours to 18.00 hours, no significant changes were observed in serum calcium. These results suggest that while, under certain circumstances in vivo, the epidermal cell shows the same sensitivity to calcium as it does in vitro, calcium is not a major regulator of epidermopoiesis.
Br J Dermatol 1984 Aug
PMID:The effect of serum calcium levels on the rate of epidermal renewal in the rat. 654 May 96

Two patients with severe generalized psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis whose conditions had failed to respond to oral therapy with traditional remedies, including etretinate (both patients) and its combination with psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) (one patient) were successfully treated with minimal oral dosages of the arotinoid RO 13-6298 (0.05 to 0.1 mg/day). Side effects of this new synthetic retinoid included dryness of the lips and nasal mucosa, some palmarplantar desquamation, gross thinning of the skin, itching, and transient hair loss. Laboratory investigations disclosed no abnormalities attributable to the drug. The new arotinoid, RO 13-6298, seems to be a highly potent retinoid in its antipsoriatic effects. It represents the third generation of synthetic retinoids that may be effective in extremely low doses.
Arch Dermatol 1983 Sep
PMID:Antipsoriatic activity of a new synthetic retinoid. The arotinoid RO 13-6298. 661 62

In patients with psoriasis, partial stripping of the stratum corneum induced minute erythematous and edematous, nonscaling papules six hours to seven days later. These "prepinpoint papules" PPPs) comparable to spontaneous PPPs, which we described earlier, appeared in 75 of 159 patients with active psoriasis but in none of 27 controls; 73% to 91% of these PPPs, depending on the activity of the disease, transformed into pinpoint papules. Histological and histochemical examinations of the PPPs showed infiltrates containing numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes around the vessels and penetrating into the epidermis, partly destroying it. The earliest change in the epidermis was thinning of the granular layer without other features of psoriasis. Immunoglobulin G and complement deposits on stratum corneum (SC) antigen sites were found in the PPPs initially in about one third, and later in two thirds of the papules, whereas they were present in virtually all of the psoriatic pinpoint papules. Papules induced by stripping, similar to spontaneous PPPs, play a central role in the etiology of at least some forms of psoriasis. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrates and SC antibody binding are key features of the conversion of PPP to pinpoint psoriatic lesions.
Arch Dermatol 1982 Sep
PMID:Stripping of the stratum corneum in patients with psoriasis: production of prepinpoint papules and psoriatic lesions. 711 67

Severe nail dystrophy is a recently described acquired nail disorder. The nails are variably involved and may show thinning, thickening, pitting, ridging, koilonychia, opalescence, and loss of luster. Not uncommonly, some nails are completely spared. Although most of the cases reported were among children, and nail changes showed gradual resolution, in a few cases the disorder is seen in adulthood. We recently investigated a pedigree extending through five generations in which twenty-one of the thirty-seven members were variably afflicted with the dystrophic nail changes. To our knowledge, the familial pattern, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, has never been previously reported. We propose the term "familial severe twenty-nail dystrophy" for the disorder in this family.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1982 Sep
PMID:Familial severe twenty-nail dystrophy. 713 Apr 95


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