Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma guidelines recommend the use of inhaled glucocorticoids (GCS). However, high doses increase the risk of systemic effects including suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by negative feedback, reduction of bone mass, inhibition of growth in children and skin thinning. Plasma concentration depends on the dose delivered from the inhaler, the distribution of delivery (ratio of lung to gut), and the degree of first-pass metabolism. Improving lung delivery increases lung absorption and reduces gut absorption and, depending on the extent of first-pass metabolism, may have significant effects on the systemic drug load. Qvar (3M Pharmaceuticals' hydrofluoroalkane beclomethasone dipropionate (HFA-BDP)), which produces an extra fine aerosol, improves lung delivery without producing clinically significant HPA suppression within the recommended dose range. Within this range Qvar produces no more HPA suppression than an equal dose of CFC-BDP and, in addition, lower doses of Qvar are effective in asthma control.
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PMID:Steroid safety: the endocrinologist's view. 1034 32

The rheological profiles of commercial corticosteroid nasal spray suspensions (Beconase, Nasacort, Flixonase, and Nasonex) were compared using shear and extensional techniques. Thixotropy/shear thinning was investigated (Carri-Med CSL100, concentric cylinder geometry) by (a) the generation of flow curves at low (100 sec-1) and high (1200 sec-1) maximum shear rates and (b) determination of equilibrium shear viscosities at constant shear rates of 10 sec-1, 100 sec-1, or 1200 sec-1. Extensional properties, on which droplet breakup and size depend, were examined using digital camera photography of droplet evolution and the length any trailing filament formed when the suspension was extruded from a 10-ml syringe at 500 microliters/min. All the nasal suspensions were shear thinning and were also thixotropic to varying degrees. The absence of significant thixotropic recovery at short times (5 min) for all the sprays implies that thixotropy is not necessarily the controlling factor for prolonged residence of the spray in the nasal cavity, but rather that it is the high viscosities present in all four sprays, even after structure breakdown. Preliminary extensional flow data identified differences among the four sprays, with extensional filament lengths increasing in the same rank order as the lowest shear rate (10 sec-1) equilibrium viscosities.
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PMID:Rheological behavior of nasal sprays in shear and extension. 1091 22