Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of mouse ear epidermal transglutaminase to single applications of anthralin, retinoic acid (both 59 micrograms/ear) or fluocinolone acetonide (2 micrograms/ear) was determined. Anthralin and retinoic acid caused inflammation and accumulation of epidermal protein and DNA, whereas fluocinolone acetonide resulted in ear thinning and decreased epidermal protein and DNA. Treatment with either anthralin or retinoic acid caused increases in absolute amounts of epidermal transglutaminase activity/ear. Anthralin increased this parameter 70-100% above acetone-treated controls from 48 hr through 7 days. Retinoic acid-treated ears showed a slower initial increase but peaked at 4 times control level by 96 hr before returning to normal at 7 days. Fluocinolone acetonide treatment had no effect on this parameter. The specific activity of epidermal transglutaminase (total epidermal transglutaminase/total soluble epidermal protein) was decreased by retinoic acid treatment; was maintained at normal levels by anthralin (except for the 7-day point where it decreased 50%); and was dramatically stimulated by fluocinolone acetonide. In the latter case, specific activity was more than 5 x control by 96 hr and still near this level at 7 days. Epidermal transglutaminase activity is a marker of differentiation, and protein and DNA accumulation an indication of growth. Thus, at the doses studied, retinoic acid favors growth over differentiation, anthralin maintains a normal to near normal ratio of growth to differentiation, and fluocinolone acetonide strongly favors differentiation over growth.
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PMID:The effect of topical drugs on mouse ear epidermal transglutaminase activity. 612 46

Retinoic acid constitutes an active that is already being used extensively in the fight against cutaneous aging. After a period in which certain scientific publications questioned its use, today there is no doubt that retinoic acid continues to be an active with wide possibilities of use when it is formulated and administered correctly. In this work we propose a new formulation that, on the basis of a modern self-emulsifying excipient, incorporates retinoic acid in its composition. The work protocol is structured in the following points of study. Rheological assay: Shear rate, shear stress, viscosity, thixotropy, rheodestruction, and extensibility measurements were carried out. Other pharmacotechnical assays: External appearance, interposition type, and pH control were studied. Dermopharmaceutical effectiveness study: Biophysical non-invasive techniques were applied, according to a standardized work method. The following considerations can be made from the results: the layout of the rheograms could fit, in principle, inside a non-Newtonian-shear-thinning flow behavior, with similar rheodestruction profiles. The hysteresis values, as well as the extensibility indexes that were obtained, determined a good degree of applicability. From the whole of results, we could conclude that the formulation proposed is profiled like an emulsified pharmaceutical form with an excellent cosmetological adaptation, eudermic pH, and soft emollient action, which prohibits the loss of superficial water that maintains the retinoic acid action.
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PMID:Galenic and dermopharmaceutical effectiveness study of an emulsified pharmaceutical form with retinoic acid. 1560

In contrast to youthful skin, mature skin undergoes well-established clinical and microscopic changes, particularly after menopause. In particular, dermal thinning, loss of dermal collagen and decreased lipid production are complicated by the effects of life-long sun exposure. These changes manifest as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, dryness and textural changes that characterize mature skin. To effectively combat these age- and sun-related changes, a multifaceted approach is required. Any treatment for mature skin must address the many causes of skin changes, that is, collagen production, lipid balance and epidermal texture. Several currently available compounds have scientifically-established effects on skin, and are anticipated to be even more effective in combination. Women worldwide struggle with coming to terms with their aging skin, and seek ways to preserve its youthful appearance. While dermatologists' offices may offer tretinoin cream (Renova and related products), laser resurfacing approaches, volume fillers and Botox, demand also exists for topical products that preserve and improve skin tone. With the push toward "natural," "organic" and "herbal" products, public and private research has never generated more evidence for complementary therapy. During skin aging, and particularly menopause, characteristic changes occur. Topical compounds can target many aspects of the aging process. The following is a review of topical compounds that may help with particular parts of this process. How can different problems be approached? In addition to prescription approaches and physical modalities, several topical compounds, many available over the counter, show evidence for helping aged and photo-damaged skin. Clinical data exist for many of these compounds, and is divided by mechanism of action.
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PMID:Beyond tretinoin: cosmeceuticals for aging skin. 1958 45

Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that serves as an important signaling molecule in orchestrating diverse developmental processes including multiple roles during ocular development. Loss-of-function studies using gene knockouts of RA-synthesizing enzymes encoded by Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, and Aldh1a3 (also known as Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3) have provided valuable insight into how RA controls eye morphogenesis including corneal development. However, it is unclear whether endogenous RA is required for maintenance and regeneration of adult cornea. Here, we investigated the role of Aldh1a genes in the adult cornea using a novel conditional Aldh1a1,2,3-flox/flox;Rosa26-CreERT2 loss-of-function mouse model to determine the biological function of RA. Our findings indicate that loss of RA synthesis results in corneal thinning characterized by reduced thickness of the stromal layer, impaired corneal epithelial cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Corneal thinning in Aldh1a-deficient mice was significantly rescued by RA administration, indicating an important role of endogenous RA signaling in adult corneal homeostasis and regeneration. Thus, Aldh1a1,2,3-flox/flox;Rosa26-CreERT2 mice provide a useful model for investigating the mechanistic role of RA signaling in adult corneal maintenance and could provide new insights into therapeutic approaches for controlling corneal repair to prevent vision loss.
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PMID:Endogenous retinoic acid signaling is required for maintenance and regeneration of cornea. 2784 61