Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A life-threatening emaciation disease of unknown cause(s) is affecting the farming of olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) and turbots (Scophthalmus maximus) on Jeju Island, Korea. As this is one of the major industries in the region, it is of great concern to local farmers trying to develop successful and sustainable aquaculture. We examined 16 olive flounders and one turbot cultured at three farms located in the southern part of Jeju Island, which manifested moderate to severe emaciation such as thinning of the body with notable appearance of bony ridges of the skull on heads. Fresh mucosal scrapings of the intestinal mucosa contained many myxosporean vegetative stages at various developments but not fully grown spores. Histological examination of gastrointestinal and other visceral organs revealed striking changes in the intestinal mucosa such as detachment and loss of the epithelium due to intensive parasitism of the myxosporean vegetative stages, accompanied by considerable leukocyte infiltration in the lamina propria, and at the final stage villus atrophy with no epithelial lining. Specific polymerase chain reaction using a pair of primers targeting a fragment of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of Enteromyxum leei, a known pathogen causing myxosporean emaciation disease in a variety of cultured fish in Mediterranean countries and Japan, amplified 433-bp products in almost all diseased fish samples, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. Nearly the whole length of the 18S rDNA, 1672-bp long excluding primer-aligning sequences, of the present Korean isolate was comparable to those of E. leei isolates from Japan and Europe, particularly those from the former region. Taking the heavy load of various developmental stages of E. leei in the gastrointestinal mucosa into account, we ascribe the emaciation disease of the fish examined in the present study to this well-known myxosporean species and not to another unknown pathogen(s).
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PMID:Enteromyxum leei (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) as the cause of myxosporean emaciation disease of farmed olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) and a turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) on Jeju Island, Korea. 2750 46

The foundation of the condemnation practices in Post-Mortem Inspection (PMI) of poultry should be based on up-to-date scientific evidence about the cause of infection and hence whether the lesions observed are of food safety, animal health or welfare concerns. This study aimed to investigate the association between meat inspection codes, footpad lesions, and thinning of flocks in Danish broiler production. The data set was based on the delivery of chicken flocks to one of the two larger chicken slaughterhouses in Denmark, representing 71 farms, 174 houses, and 4,068 flocks over three years from January 2016 to December 2018. Post-mortem condemnation data of slaughtered chickens recorded and stored in the Danish Quality Assurance System (KIK) database was used in the study. Five potentially causal models were developed to investigate whether there was an association between dermatitis, arthritis, systemic infection, emaciation, mortality and possible explaining factors` (footpad lesion, age at slaughter, scratches, ascites, systemic infection and thinning of the flock). These five ecological logistic regression models were analyzed with the three levels: farm, house, and flock. Data from a total number of 126,137,002 (N) slaughtered chickens recorded in KIK databases were used for modeling and analyses. The prevalence of condemned carcasses was 1.1 % (n = 1,420,812). Overall, 12 individual reasons for condemnation of carcasses were recorded. The most frequently observed reason for condemnation was skin disease (scratches and dermatitis) with a prevalence of 0.5 %. Prevalence of ascites was 0.2 %, discoloration 0.09 %, emaciation 0.09 %, hepatitis 0.09 % and arthritis 0.07 %. In the first model, dermatitis was shown to be positively associated with age at slaughter with an OR = 1.04 (CI95 %: 1.02-1.05), while arthritis was considered an intervening variable. Moreover, there was a small protective effect of thinning of the flock for first and second delivery. There was a positive association between arthritis and age at the time of slaughter with an OR = 1.13 (CI95 %: 1.12-1.15). Systemic infections were associated with scratches with an OR = 24.5 (CI95 %: 16.6-36.3) and footpad lesions with an OR = 1.007 (CI95 %: 1.006-1.008). Further modelling of emaciation and mortality was not considered because of unbalanced groups in the data probably caused by the fact that some condemnation codes were rare. We observed that the most common causal factors of condemnation in the systemic infection models were scratches and footpad lesion, therefore preventing and controlling such lesions could reduce losses. Specific management and environmental etiological factors of the main infections causing condemnation in Danish broilers should be determined.
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PMID:The association between meat inspection codes, footpad lesions and thinning of broiler flocks in the Danish broiler production. 3320 94