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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some metal ions, e.g. Hg2+, Cd2+ and Al3+, can have the effects as ecotoxicological agents, of causing eggshell thinning and breakage in birds. In a homogenate of the Ca2+-secreting part of the eggshell gland mucosa, a study was made of the influence of Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, methyl-Hg+, Zn2+, V3+, Al3+ and Ni2+ in different concentrations on the rate of ATP-dependent 10(-4) M Ca2+ binding. All compounds had an inhibitory action. The most potent metal (Hg2+) produced 50% inhibition (IC50) at 1.1 X 10(-6) M, whereas this value for the least potent compound (Ni2+) was 9 X 10(-4) M. The specific Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity was also inhibited by the tested metal ions. In all cases except methyl-Hg+ the IC50 for this activity was lower than that for Ca2+ binding. The most potent ion in this respect was Cd2+, with an IC50 of 8 X 10(-8) M, and the least potent was methyl-Hg+, with an IC50 of 1.4 X 10(-3) M. Pb2+ and Cd2+ in a concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-4) stimulated the Mg2+-ATPase activity, however, to almost the same extent as 10(-4) M Ca2+. A possible explanation for this effect is that these ions may have an affinity for sites of Ca2+ binding of the polypeptide calmodulin and thereby influence the Ca2+ metabolism of the shell gland mucosa.
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PMID:Effect of some metal compounds on the Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity of eggshell gland mucosa homogenate from the domestic fowl. 294 86

The ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism were studied to assess the effect of a deficiency of dietary energy and subsequent nutritional rehabilitation in 24 young, growing, healthy rhesus monkeys. Electron microscopy of muscles on energy-deficient animals showed thinning of myofibrils with widening of interfibrillar space and enlargement and accumulation of mitochondria at subsarcolemmal level. There was an apparent significant reduction in the fiber size. Muscle samples from each animal were analyzed for enzymes representative of glycolysis (phosphofructokinase [PFK] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], citric-acid cycle (isocitric dehydrogenase [ICDH] and citrate synthase [CS] and regeneration of ATP (creatine kinase [CK]. PFK and LDH activities were significantly augmented in energy-deficient animals. The increase in LDH activity resulted from a large increase in MU (skeletal muscle) LDH subunit. The activities of CS and ICDH were reduced. No alteration of CK in muscle and serum was observed. The morphological structure and enzyme activities returned to normal after nutritional rehabilitation.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in experimental energy deficiency. 310 25

Cardiac depression in the isolated rat heart perfused with 4% ethanol was correlated with intracellular phosphate energetics and tissue water distributions. Energy metabolites were assessed using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlated to the mitochondrial redox state using epicardial surface fluorometry. Changes in myocardial water compartmentation were measured by using 1H NMR spectroscopy with an extracellular chemical-shift reagent (DyTTHA) and correlated to results of 2D echocardiography (2DE). During alcohol perfusion there was a significant decrease in developed pressure and in coronary flow. No change was seen in ATP, PCr, pHi, Pi, or NADH. After withdrawal of alcohol from the perfusate cardiac function reverted to control values without a depletion of energy levels. During alcohol perfusion 1H MRS showed a marked redistribution of water from the intra- to the extracellular space, corresponding to a 35% left ventricular wall thinning confirmed by 2DE. The results indicate that acute alcohol cardiac depression is related to a dehydration of myocardial cells, but is not associated with intracellular acidosis or energy depletion.
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PMID:31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of acute alcohol cardiac depression in rats. 317 69

The relative time courses of early changes in myocardial metabolism and function during anoxia, global ischemia, and regional ischemia were compared in isolated rat hearts. Transmural anoxic wave front was determined with NADH fluorescence photography, and oxygen saturation of myoglobin and dynamic systolic wall thickening were measured with spectrophotometry of light transmitted through the left ventricular free wall. In all three treatments, anoxic wave front first appeared in the subendocardium and reached the epicardial half of the myocardium in 10 s, when oxygen saturation of myoglobin decreased by 50% and tissue ATP and creatine phosphate remained at aerobic levels. During this period, systolic wall thickening decreased gradually in anoxia and global ischemia, whereas a marked decrease in systolic wall thickening and appearance of dyskinesia (wall thinning) occurred in regional ischemia. Thus the early extension of anoxic wave front and metabolic changes are similar with all three treatments, and dyskinesia, observed only in case of regional ischemia, occurs when the inner half is ischemic or anoxic.
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PMID:Transmural anoxic wave front and regional dysfunction during early ischemia. 361 98

The pesticide p-p'-DDT and its persistent metabolite p-p'-DDE cause thinning of the eggshells in several species of birds. In earlier investigations on ducks this thinning was found to be associated with a reduction of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding to a homogenate of the shell gland mucosal cells by DDE. The activity of a Ca2+-Mg2+-activated ATPase in the homogenate was also decreased on administration of DDE in vivo. We have therefore investigated the in vitro effects of some other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides of ecotoxicological interest on the ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding and the Ca2+-Mg2+-activated ATPase activity in a homogenate of the eggshell gland mucosa of the hen and determined the molar concentrations that produced 50% inhibition (=IC50). Several of the investigated compounds, namely toxaphene, chlordane, p-p'-DDD, o-p'-DDE, p-p'-DDT, methoxychlor and PCB (Arochlor 1242), had a similar IC50 to inhibit the Ca2+ binding as p-p'-DDE. Lindane, p-p'-DDA and biphenyl had an IC50 3.3-4 times higher and that of 2.4 D was 13.5 times higher than that of p-p'-DDE. When the IC50 of some of the compounds (p-p'-DDE, PCB, toxaphene, Lindane) was determined that decreased the Ca2+-Mg2+-activated ATPase of the homogenate it was found to be only 18 to 29 per cent of that needed to inhibit the Ca2+ binding by the homogenate. It is therefore probable that some other effect than inhibition of this enzyme is also involved in the Ca2+-binding process and affected by the compounds.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of some chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides on the ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding of the particulate fraction of the eggshell gland mucosa cells. 613 49

In a strain of ducks sensitive to the eggshell-thinning effect of p-p'-DDE, administration of 40 mg kg of the compound in the food for 45 days reduced the eggshell index (EI) by 13% and the content of calcium in the fluid of the shell gland forming an eggshell by 36%, and raised the calcium content of the shell gland mucosa by 19%, compared with the control values. DDE inhibited the translocation (secretion) of calcium between the gland mucosa and the uterine cavity. The ATP-dependent binding of Ca2+ to the subcellular fractions of the gland mucosa was reduced in DDE-treated ducks. The Ca2+ binding to a microsomal subfraction (FI) rich in fragments of the plasma membrane was reduced by 16%, whereas that to a subfraction FIII which bound Ca2+ at a very high rate was reduced by 36%. The latter may contain calcium-secreting granules of the gland. In the mitochondrial fraction the Ca2+ binding was reduced by 35%. In the domestic fowl DDE did not lower EI or interfered with the translocation of calcium between the shell gland mucosa and uterine cavity. DDE administration increased the Ca2+ binding to FI by 26%; the binding to other subfractions was not changed significantly. DDE may interfere with the stimulus-secretion mechanism of the eggshell gland in ducks through its effect on Ca2+ binding.
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PMID:Comparison of the effect of DDE on the Ca metabolism of the eggshell gland and its subcellular fractions of the duck and the domestic fowl. 646 84

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method provides us with information about the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dapp, as well as the static scattering intensity, Is, of particles in solution. For long but thin rods with length L and diameter d, the dependence on L and d of Dapp is quite different from that of Is. By means of DLS we studied synthetic myosin filaments of rabbit skeletal muscle in solution at pH 8.3 and 10 degrees C. It appeared that Mg2+ ions induced thickening and lengthening of the filaments, whereas ATP (and ADP) induced thinning and shortening (depolymerization) of the filaments. When ATP was added to the filament preparation in the presence of Mg2+ ions, it was clearly observed that thinning of the filament (or splitting into subfilaments) occurred before shortening (or depolymerization).
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PMID:Dynamic light scattering study of the effect of Mg2+ and ATP on synthetic myosin filaments. 769 13

We investigated the temporal relationship of the emergence of biochemical abnormalities to the development of behavioral dysfunction to identify the central factors of ischemic neurological disorders in developing brains. To induce early ischemia, bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) was surgically performed on 21 cats at the second week of age. BCAO produces histopathological damage, including neuronal loss and thinning of white matter. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor brain oxidative metabolism, neuronal membrane growth, and myelination of the prefrontal cortex in the first 3 months. Neurological development was monitored by conducting 25 tests of reflex, motor, sensory, and integrated behavioral function. At 1 month, phosphodiester (PDE) levels, a component of membranes and myelin, were low in animals showing complete ligation. At 2 months, the growth of PDE was low (1/4 to 1/2 of normal) in BCAO animals, whereas normal animals demonstrated a 23% increase. Phosphocreatine (PCr) levels, indicated by PCr/ATP and PCr/inorganic phosphate ratios, were retarded at 2 months in completely ligated animals (1/4 of normal). Neurologically, the completely ligated animals showed retardation of general development. The retardation was most pronounced for integrative functions, including visual function, and became more pronounced later in development. The time course of emergence of the retardation generally coincided with emergence of abnormalities in phosphorous compounds. The simultaneous occurrence of several biochemical and functional abnormalities in development following early ischemic insult suggests a causal relationship between membrane and mitochondrial development and neurological function.
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PMID:Consequences of reduced cerebral blood flow in brain development. II. Retardation of neurological outcome and phosphorus metabolism. 828 31

ATP-depletion in renal cultured cells has been used as a model for studying various cytoskeletal and functional alterations induced by renal ischemia. This communication explores the reversibility of these effects utilizing a novel method [1] that depleted ATP (ATP-D) to 2% of control within 30 minutes and caused complete recovery (REC) of ATP in one hour. Under confocal microscopy, ATP-D (30 min) caused thinning of F-actin from the microvilli, cortical region, and basal stress fibers, with the concurrent appearance of intracellular F-actin patches. These changes were more pronounced after 60 minutes of ATP-D. One hour of REC following 30 minutes of ATP-D produced complete recovery of F-actin in each region of the cell. However, after 60 minutes of ATP-D, a heterogeneous F-actin recovery pattern was observed: almost complete recovery of the apical ring and microvilli, thinned cortical actin with occasional breaks along the basolateral membrane, and a dramatic reduction in basal stress fiber density. The time course of cortical actin and actin ring disruption and recovery coincided with a drop recovery in the transepithelial resistance and the cytoskeletal dissociation and reassociation of the Na,K-ATPase. Additionally, the microvilli retracted into the cells during ATP-D, a process that was reversed during REC. Triton extraction and confocal microscopy demonstrated that villin remained closely associated with microvillar actin during both ATP-D and REC. These distinctive regional differences in the responses of F-actin to ATP depletion and repletion in cultured renal epithelial cells may help to clarify some of the differential tubular responses to ischemia and reperfusion in the kidney.
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PMID:Actin and villin compartmentation during ATP depletion and recovery in renal cultured cells. 858 43

To determine whether stimulation of adenosine receptors and opening of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels were involved in the protective effect of late preconditioning in the rat retina, rats were subjected to 60 min of retinal ischemia, and ischemic preconditioning was achieved by applying 5 min of ischemia 24 h before 60 min of ischemia. In non-preconditioned rats, cell loss in the ganglion cell layer and thinning of the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layer were observed 7 days after 60 min of ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning completely prevented the retinal tissue damage and 8-phenyltheophylline or 5-hydroxydecanoate reduced the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning. Therefore, stimulation of adenosine receptors and opening of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels might be involved in the mechanism of histological protection by late preconditioning in the retina.
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PMID:Late preconditioning in rat retina: involvement of adenosine and ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. 1133 69


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