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Query: UMLS:C0851184 (thinning)
 11,252 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By definition, monoarticular arthritis means one-joint involvement, even though, in fact, such a condition is often an oligoarthritis because as many as two or three separate joints will be involved. Arthritis is often limited and may regress, so that it is frequently misdiagnosed. Sometimes, a monoarticular condition may be a polyarthritis onset (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis). Monoarticular arthritis can be caused by many factors, such as infections (septic arthritis), nonspecific inflammatory processes (reactive arthritis), crystals deposition (gout, CPPD crystal deposition disease), trauma, neoplasm (pigmented villonodular synovitis), immunologic conditions (amyloidosis) and hormonal changes (parathyroid disease). Its onset is usually acute and sometimes dramatic, with fever, pain and joint swelling, so that a decision must be made promptly to stop rapid illness evolution and to prevent the irreversible destruction of cartilage and bone (especially in septic arthritis). Diagnostic studies are performed with mono-bilateral radiographs of the joint. Radiographic findings (i.e., soft tissue swelling, joint effusion, widening and thinning of joint spaces, bone erosions and destruction of bone surface) are typical of the disease, but some findings (e.g., type of evolution and progression), laboratory tests, synovial biopsy and arthroscopy can differentiate infectious from inflammatory forms. Scintigraphy can depict isotopic joint uptake, before articular abnormalities are demonstrated with radiography, thanks to its high sensitivity; nevertheless, because of its low specificity, scintigraphy may miss some kinds of lesions (including osteoarthritis) and cannot easily differentiate osteomyelitis from septic arthritis. CT and MRI play a secondary, though not negligible, role, especially to study such deep infections as psoas abscesses, which may mimic arthritides.
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PMID:[Monoarthritis]. 868 51

The use of monoiodoacetate (MIA) for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) and the effect of exercise on the degree of fusion were investigated. Eight horses received 3 injections (Weeks 0, 3, 6) of MIA (2 mL; 60 mg/mL) into the right or left front PIJ. Peri-operatively, the horses received phenylbutazone, butorphanol, and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks to relieve pain. During the study, the horses were monitored for general health, lameness, and swelling around the injection area. Radiographs were taken biweekly to evaluate bony fusion. Horses were randomly divided into non-exercised and exercised groups. Exercise consisted of 20 minutes of trotting on a treadmill (4 m/s), 3 days per week for 13 weeks. The horses were euthanized at 24 weeks. Slab sections of the PIJ were evaluated grossly and radiographically for bony fusion. Histologic examinations were performed to evaluate articular cartilage. Three horses were excluded from the study after developing soft tissue necrosis around the injection site, septic arthritis, and necrotic tendinitis. The remaining horses remained healthy, developed a grade 1 to 4 lameness with minimal to severe swelling in the PIJ region. All 5 horses showed radiographic evidence of bony fusion, however, no fusion was present when injected joints were examined on postmortem examination. Histologic examination revealed thinning of the cartilage, diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes, with the calcified zone intact. Subjectively, exercise did not influence the degree of cartilage destruction. Based on this study, chemical arthrodesis cannot be advocated in clinical cases because of the high complication rate and lack of bony fusion.
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PMID:An evaluation of chemical arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse by using monoiodoacetate. 1104 98

We describe the St Michael's Hospital (SMH) modified buttonhole (BH) cannulation technique as a method that offers a solution for fistulae with aneurysmal dilatation due to repetitive cannulation in a restricted area. This is a prospective cohort study of 14 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients with problematic fistulae (marked aneurysmal formation and thinning of the overlying skin, bleeding during treatment, and prolonged hemostasis post-HD) because of repetitive, localized cannulation. Each patient was followed for 12 months. The protocol was as follows: creation of tunnel tracks by 1 to 3 experienced cannulators per patient, using sharp needles. After the tunnel tracks were established and cannulation was easily achieved with dull needles, additional cannulators were incorporated with the guidance of a mentor. Bleeding from cannulation sites during dialysis ceased within 2 weeks and skin damage resolved within 6 months in all patients. Hemostasis time postdialysis decreased from 24 to 15 min. Cannulation pain scores decreased significantly. Access flows and dynamic venous pressure measurements remained unchanged. No interventions were required to maintain access patency. In 2 cases, the aneurysms became much less evident. Complications included one episode of septic arthritis and one contact dermatitis. A third patient developed acute bacterial endocarditis 9 months following completion of her follow-up. The SMH modified BH cannulation technique can salvage problematic fistulae, prevent further damage, and induce healing of the skin in the areas of repetitive cannulation. This technique can be successfully achieved by multiple cannulators in a busy full-care HD unit.
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PMID:The salvage of aneurysmal fistulae utilizing a modified buttonhole cannulation technique and multiple cannulators. 1662 74

Staphylococcus aureus pyogenic arthritis was produced in a group of eight rabbits. After 24 hours, all rabbits were treated with systemic procaine and benzathine penicillin for five days. Four rabbits were treated with daily aspiration, and four rabbits were treated with arthrotomy and irrigation. A study of the histology of cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle was made in the two groups. Animals treated with aspiration showed a greater degree of thinning of cartilage, acelluiarity, and cloning of chondrocytes than animals treated with arthrotomy and irrigation.
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PMID:A comparison between arthrotomy and irrigation and multiple aspirations in the treatment of pyogenic arthritis: a histological study in a rabbit model. 2483 14

The incidence of infection by Mycobacterium marinum is rising, mainly due to the increasing popularity of home aquariums. The infection typically manifests as skin lesions, with septic arthritis being a rare presentation form. The disease is difficult to diagnose even when there is a high clinical suspicion, as culture in specific media may not yield positive findings. Thus, establishment of appropriate treatment is often delayed. Synovectomy, capsular thinning, and joint drainage together with prolonged, combined antibiotic therapy may be needed to cure the infection.
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PMID:Septic arthritis caused by Mycobacterium marinum. 2651 31